The former is achieved by implementing a type I incoherent feed-forward loop network motif that consists of a regulatory element which compensates for changes in copy number, thus stabilizing the promoter. Through model-driven feedback, stabilization by utilizing 2 distinct systems, each with its own advantages and appropriate uses. CRISPR interference, TAL Effectors.
In addition, we designed and simulated a 3rd stabilization system, based on transcriptional attenuator-interacting sRNAs