|
|
| Line 356: |
Line 356: |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="texttitle">Phase Separation System
| |
| − | <a id="B"></a></div>
| |
| − | <hr style="border:2px dashed; height:2px" color="#1E90FF">
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | <div class="info">
| |
| − | <a id="B1"></a>
| |
| − | <div class="ordi">1.</div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <h3>Spontaneous and induced synthetic organelles can be formed by phase separation</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>Our basic system consists of two components of synthetic organelles. Either of them has a specific HOtag to form homo-oligomers. We expect that they are able to form synthetic organelles due to the principles of phase separation. To verify the feasibility of the design, we fused two fluorescence proteins with the two components of synthetic organelles (Figure1.a) so that we can observe the self-organization of components and the formation of granules under fluorescence microscope.</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>We used SUMO-SIM interaction module to build a spontaneous organelle. When two components are expressed in yeasts, granules with the two fluorescence proteins can be observed in vivo (Figure1.b). </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>Meanwhile, by rapamycin induced interaction module, FKBP-Frb, we have built an inducible organelle. We can see granules occurs in yeasts within minutes after adding the inducer.</a> </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | Figure1.a The basic design of synthetic organelles with florescence reporters. <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/36/T--Peking--Logo.png" style="width:100%;" alt="">（这里可能需要一张cartoon的设计图）
| |
| − | b, c fluorescence images of spontaneous organelles (SUMO-SIM based) and inducible synthetic organelles (FKBP-Frb based, after adding 10000 nM rapamycin)<br/><br/>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | <div class="info">
| |
| − | <a id="B2"></a>
| |
| − | <div class="ordi">2.</div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <h3>The formation of organelles has flexible but predictable properties and kinetics in different conditions</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>Then we combined <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Peking/Phase_Separation_M"/>modeling of phase separation</a> and experiment to research the kinetics of the organelles formation process expecting that a well-characterized system can reach its whole potential in complex applications. </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>As the model predicts, the concentration of components and the interaction strength affect the kinetics of phase separation. First we controlled the expression levels of components by using several stable or inducible promoters and observe the system's behavior. We found that the formation of organelles happened in specific promoter combinations and can be controlled by inducible promoters. The analysis result does not only fit well with the simulation, but provides potential methods to control the organelles in applications. </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>The strength of interaction modules can be also controlled. In the rapamycin-induced organelle system, changing the concentration of rapamycin will affect the apparent value of K, a parameter reflecting the interaction strength in our model. In a gradient rapamycin-inducing experiment, the delay time from adding inducer to granules formation was found to be shorter when concentration of rapamycin increases. So we have confirmed the influence of two parameters in models and increased the flexibility of our synthetic organelles.</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | Figure3 (a) A simulation of organelle formation process in different interaction strength of components.
| |
| − | (b) The speed of FKBP-Frb mediated organelle formation increases with the increasing concentration of rapamycin.
| |
| − | <br/><br/>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>We also tried to characterized other properties, like the liquid-like property of the synthetic organelles, as they may affect the functions. See more details about our characterizations in <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Peking/Phase_Separation_D"/>DataPage Phase separation</a>.</p><br/><br/><br/>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="texttitle">Functional Organelles
| |
| − | <a id="C"></a></div>
| |
| − | <hr style="border:2px dashed; height:2px" color="#666666">
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>Since SPOT can form in the cell and be controlled, we go further to consider the functions of SPOT. The functions of SPOT can be descripted in three catalogs: Spatial segmentation, Sensor and metabolic regulation. We verified the spatial segmentation with the condensation of substrates, also we can load the protein we want by fusing it with nanobody. We then verified the sensor with detecting rapamycin and ABA, which shows strong relativity between the concentration and the proportion of yeasts with SPOT. To find the law behind metabolism in the SPOT, we fuse the enzymes that can produce β-carotene into SPOT and measure the difference between with or without SPOT in produce of β-carotene.</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | Figure4 (organization hub)
| |
| − | Design of GFP-nanobody based system
| |
| − | fluorescence images of GFP-nanobody based system
| |
| − | Figure5 (sensor)
| |
| − | (a)~(?) fluorescence images of sensor based system
| |
| − | Figure6 (metabolism)
| |
| − | Characterization of carotene production system
| |
| − | （phase内和phase外的胡萝卜素生产实验）<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="texttitle">Perspective
| |
| − | <a id="D"></a></div>
| |
| − | <hr style="border:2px dashed; height:2px" color="#666666">
| |
| − | <div class="coll">
| |
| − | <div class="content">
| |
| − | <p>SPOT has been well verified and has various functions. And in the future, this modular system will have great potential in science and practice using. SPOT can change the modules to gain more different properties like diverse inducing method, we can also use it as a platform and then load other protein with some interactions like the interaction between nanobody and GFP. What’s more, we might have the ability to form differernt SPOTs in the cell and regulate them respectively. The functions of SPOT can also diverse. We can build a real time sensor for molecule in living cells to monitoring the concentration changing in environment or in cells. More metabolism pathway can be test in SPOT and we will find some laws of the function of regulate the metabolism. To be summary, more achievement is coming true with SPOT.</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div><!--9 columns end-->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div><!--row end-->
| |
| − | </section>
| |
| − | </div><!--12 columes end-->
| |
| − | </div><!--page-content end-->
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
