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| − | <h4 align="justify">September 22<sup>nd</sup><br>Videocall with Bryan Saavedra</h4><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">Keeping on with our international validation on the presence of foulbrood, its implications, and our project insights, we were able to contact a Chilean beekeeper thanks to our colleagues from UChile (LINK collaborations). Bryan Saavedra dedicates to honey production, pollination, and queen bee breeding and exportation. He has dedicated more than a decade of his life to beekeeping and he counts with more than 1000 beehives.</p></div><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">“Approximately 13% of the Chilean working population is engaged in</p></div></div>
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| − | <p align="justify">agriculture, and agricultural products represent about 4% of the gross domestic product (GDP). The fruit sector is very important and includes crops such as grapes, melons, apples, and peaches.<sup>1</sup>”</p><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">After UChile team sent us the beekeeper’s contact we were able to get in touch with him and schedule a video-call. During the meeting, that lasted approximately 35 minutes, we were able to discuss the presence of bee diseases in Chile, its implications and some activities of Chilean agencies in charge of supporting the development of agriculture, forests, and livestock.</p></div><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">Foulbrood occur in Chile as foci of infection, once an infection is detected, which most likely originated from</p></div></div>
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| − | <p align="justify">contaminated equipment, the SAG (Agricultural and Livestock Service) proceeds to burn and then bury the infected hives; the decision of burning the beehives is quite drastic but it is the only effective way to take care of the rest of the Chilean apiculture. The last outbreak of foulbrood the beekeeper noticed about, was in last February; normally the infection comes from Argentina, which is where the disease most often occurs. In Chile, they mostly struggle with varroa and nosema and for purposes of the SAG and exportations, the varroa mite is treated with organic products, that result inefficient and expensive. Antibiotics are also used against Varroa, getting back to the resistance problem. Regarding this topic, the beekeeper wondered if our product would help against varroa, and we could tell him how one of the most important consequences of varroa is that the immune system is weakened; providing the bee with new immunity components (AMP’s) will greatly help it, so the answer is yes! Our product can help bees get fortified when they are suffering from varroa.</p><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">The beekeeper also shared with us the main routes through which the disease is transmitted from Argentina to Chile, how the bee's life duration varies depending on the production stage and also shared with us details about SAC normative.</p></div><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">Regarding the discussed topic on how bee’s longevity varies depending on different production stages, we explained the beekeeper another approach of our project: When the bee uses less energy in the production of antimicrobial peptides it is possible that its longevity increases.<sup>2</sup></p></div><br>
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| − | <div class="a"><p align="justify">Bryan Saavedra did not know about synthetic biology and we gave him an approach to this area and how it had so many reaches, one of them being beekeeping. While explaining our project we absent-mindedly use a somewhat technical word that is usually complicated for the community in general. A peptide. The beekeeper, as in other times of the conversation, didn't hesitate to ask us and he attentively listened to us while we explained to him what we were referring to; he was always intrigued by our project.</p></div><br>
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| − | <h4 align="justify">References</h4>
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| − | <li><i>Economía de Chile: agricultura y pesca de Chile</i>. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/economia_chile.html</li>
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| − | <li>Turcatto, A. P., Lourenço, A. P., & De Jong, D. (2017). <i>Propolis consumption ramps up the immune response in honey bees infected with bacteria</i>. Apidologie, 49(3), 287–296. doi:10.1007/s13592-017-0553-z</li>
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| − | <li>Image retrieved from: <i>Melipilla Chile: Ubicación, mapa y todo lo que desconoce</i>. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://conociendochile.com/c-region-metropolitana-de-santiago/melipilla-chile/</li><br>
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| − | </ol><br>
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