Difference between revisions of "Team:SCAU-China/Background"

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Background

According to the U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification, signed in Paris in October 1994.“Desertification”refers to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas caused by various factors include climate variability and human activities. [1]

Desertification is one of the major environmental issues that are currently widely concerned around the world. It mainly occurs in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. [2] According to the statistics of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),desertification affects the livelihoods of millions of people. Therefore, desertification ranks among the greatest environmental challenges today and is a major impediment to meeting basic human needs in drylands.[3]

Some 10–20% of drylands are already degraded (medium certainty).The regions that have been affected and expected to esertified land account for 55% in Africa, North America and China account for 19%, South America accounts for 10%, Asia accounts for 34%, Australia accounts for 75%, and Europe accounts for 2%. Desert and desertified land account for 95% of the land area in arid and semi-arid areas, and 28% of land area in semi-humid areas. The world averages about 5 to 70,000 square kilometers of land desertification each year, with the most rapid development in tropical savannah and temperate semi-arid grassland areas.[3]

Desertification has strong adverse impacts on non-drylands as well; affected areas may sometimes be located thousands of kilometers away from the desertified areas. The biophysical impacts include dust storms, downstream flooding, impairment of global carbon sequestration capacity, and regional and global climate change. The societal impacts relate notably to human migration and economic refugees, leading to deepening poverty and political instability.

The management of desertification is imminent.

[1]中华人民共和国林业部防治沙漠化办公室.联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1994.

[2]吴波.我国荒漠化现状、动态与成因[J].林业科学研究,2001(02):195-202.

[3]Ecosystems AND HUMAN WELL-BEING(Desertification Synthesis).MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASESSMENT

School's name:SCAU

Member's name:SCAU

Designed by:SCAU

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-        Safety
+        Background
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-         <p>In many of the world's countries drought, chronic water shortage is a fact of life. Therefore, to find a efficient way
+         <p>According to the U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification, signed in Paris in October 1994.“Desertification”refers to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas caused by various factors include climate variability and human activities. [1]</p>
-        to preserve water in the arid and semiarid environments is imminent.</p>
-       <p>The use of cyanobacteria as soil conditioners has been studied intermittently for many decades. Some of the documented direct effects of cyanobacterial inoculation are related to soil stabilization and improvement, enrichment in nutrients and increase in moisture content. Recently inoculation approaches have proven to be effective tools also for triggering land rehabilitation in arid and semiarid environments.
+       <p>Desertification is one of the major environmental issues that are currently widely concerned around the world. It mainly occurs in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.  [2]
+According to the statistics of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),desertification affects the livelihoods of millions of people. Therefore, desertification ranks among the greatest environmental challenges today and is a major impediment to meeting basic human needs in drylands.[3]
 </p>
-       <p>Bacterial cellulose is a strong and ultrapure form of cellulose produced naturally by several species of the Acetobacteraceae. Bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus possesses an abundance of desirable properties, its special 3D structure make it has a good water-retaining property.</p>
+       <p>Some 10–20% of drylands are already degraded (medium certainty).The regions that have been affected and expected to esertified land account for 55% in Africa, North America and China account for 19%, South America accounts for 10%, Asia accounts for 34%, Australia accounts for 75%, and Europe accounts for 2%. Desert and desertified land account for 95% of the land area in arid and semi-arid areas, and 28% of land area in semi-humid areas. The world averages about 5 to 70,000 square kilometers of land desertification each year, with the most rapid development in tropical savannah and temperate semi-arid grassland areas.[3]</p>
-       <p>Our project try to investigates the potential for using cellulose synthesized by cyanobacteria as an alternative.Makes our product has both the advantages of cyanobacterial crust, but also have the ability to produces high water-retention bacterial cellulose.To produce BC in Cyanobacteria, a suite of genes involved with cellulose synthesis in G. xylinus will be transferred to into the terricolous, unicellular cyanobacterium,  Scytonema javanicum and Microcolus vaginatus.</p>
+       <p>Desertification has strong adverse impacts on non-drylands as well; affected areas may sometimes be located thousands of kilometers away from the desertified areas. The biophysical impacts include dust storms, downstream flooding, impairment of global carbon sequestration capacity, and regional and global climate change. The societal impacts relate notably to human migration and economic refugees, leading to deepening poverty and political instability.
+</p>
+    <p>The management of desertification is imminent.</p>
+     <p>[1]中华人民共和国林业部防治沙漠化办公室.联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1994.</p>
+<p>[2]吴波.我国荒漠化现状、动态与成因[J].林业科学研究,2001(02):195-202.</p>
+<p>[3]Ecosystems AND HUMAN WELL-BEING(Desertification Synthesis).MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM  ASESSMENT</p>
        </div>