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             <h1>Team Vienna 2018</h1>
 
             <h1>Team Vienna 2018</h1>
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             <h2>We presenting Robocrop</h2>
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             <h2>We are presenting Robocrop</h2>
 
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                    <p>We want to establish a way of communicating with eukaryotes and creating a human-organism interaction. We would like to tell an organism when it should perform a certain task, be it the production of a pesticide or the induction of the gene which induces flowering. What all these applications have in common is that we are not forced to change the organism’s environment to get the desired reaction, but instead we tell it how and when to do a certain task. Such a communication platform can create countless new applications in agriculture, research and many other fields.</p>
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                <h2>Structure</h2>
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                <p>The dCas9 Toggle Switch represents the core of our system and will allow switching between 2 stable states of gene expression. It consists of 2 gene classes which we simply call the ON and OFF genes. Each of these two gene classes comprises a strong constitutive promoter with a RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) binding site and multiple copies of the same guide RNA (gRNA) target site downstream next to it. All genes in a class are controlled by the same regulatory region so that their gene products are expressed simultaneously.
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At least one gene in each class code for a RNA construct consisting of a gRNA sequence flanked by two autonomously folding catalytic RNA sequences (Ribozymes) which leads to the production of free gRNA when transcribed. Other genes in the ON genes class code for proteins which should be only expressed in the ON state of the system. Vice versa OFF genes encode OFF state proteins. In theory these could be any number and combination of genes needed to define one of the states. However, we will only use one additional ON gene and no additional OFF gene. This ON gene contains a GFP coding sequence and will be therefore used as a reporter for the functionality of our system.
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                How
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                <h2>Function</h2>
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                 <p>The system is controlled from outside of the cell via 2 synthetic pathways leading to the production of either an ON or an OFF free gRNA. If in case of a ON signal the ON free gRNA is produced it will bind to dCas9 (or derivative) and direct it to its target sites in the regulatory region of our OFF gene, thereby blocking gene expression. However the not blocked ON genes will still be able to be expressed in high amounts and will, besides GFP, produce ON free gRNA on their own. This constant stream of new ON free gRNA will deny the expression of OFF free gRNA even after the original ON signal decays and will therefore hold the system in the ON state. The system will only switch into the OFF state if an external OFF signal produces an OFF free gRNA which binds to the target sites in the ON gene promoter region stopping the constant flow of ON free gRNA and replacing it by its own gene product: OFF free gRNA respectively.  
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                 <p>The goal of our project is to design a genetic mechanism which enables us to switch a gene of interest ON or OFF with a single dose of a signal molecule, similar to switching a lightbulb ON or OFF.</p>
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                <p>This enables us to define which genes should be expressed at what point in time. Our toggle switch is designed in a way, that any gene of interest can be cloned into the system and toggled with the corresponding signal molecules. There are countless possibilities for genes that could be cloned into such a system, starting from genes which induce the flowering of plants or the production of a certain resistance gene. In our example, the production of a short lived species of GFP is induced or repressed as soon as either the ON or OFF signal molecule enters the cell.</p>
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                <a type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:BOKU-Vienna/Design" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="If you want to find out more about how we found our project and why we chose to get into the information processing track, click on this link.">
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                    Design
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                <h2>Experimental Parameters</h2>
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                      <li class="list-group-item">We will try expressing GFP in the same ORF with the ON RNA construct, but because folding of the ribozymes could lead to a mRNA not capable of translation this might not work.
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<li class="list-group-item">In order to balance OFF gene and ON gene products we will also test the effects of expressing two copies of the OFF RNA construct in our OFF gene.
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<li class="list-group-item">We will test whether targeting the dCas9 to the coding strand or to the template strand plays a role in our system.
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                <p>The system is based on a dCas9 toggle switch, which can be activated or shut-down by a single dose of a signal molecule and stays in its state until a different signal is added. The system relies on dCas9 binding in complex with a specific guide-RNA to the respective site in the promoter of a gene and thereby blocking its transcription. This means that the expression of any gene behind this blocked site is being shut down. As signal molecules, we first created receptors for ethanol, estradiol, and copper. Since these receptors are rather complicated to create and represent a critical element in our system we decided to implement another way of inducing the system, which allows us to test the switch without the need of a functioning receptor.  We came up with the idea of using guide-RNA, contained in liposomes to activate the toggle switch.</p>
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<li class="list-group-item">We will find out if a minimal dCas9 (a dCas9 which has its originally catalytic DNA breaking domain removed or altered in such a way it can not by back mutation become functional again) can achieve also a acceptable level of gene expression for our system to function properly.
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                    Description
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  <li class="list-group-item">We will use constitutive promoters with different strengths in our ON and OFF genes to find out which of them works best in our system.
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Latest revision as of 00:53, 18 October 2018


Team Vienna 2018

We are presenting Robocrop

We want to establish a way of communicating with eukaryotes and creating a human-organism interaction. We would like to tell an organism when it should perform a certain task, be it the production of a pesticide or the induction of the gene which induces flowering. What all these applications have in common is that we are not forced to change the organism’s environment to get the desired reaction, but instead we tell it how and when to do a certain task. Such a communication platform can create countless new applications in agriculture, research and many other fields.

The goal of our project is to design a genetic mechanism which enables us to switch a gene of interest ON or OFF with a single dose of a signal molecule, similar to switching a lightbulb ON or OFF.

This enables us to define which genes should be expressed at what point in time. Our toggle switch is designed in a way, that any gene of interest can be cloned into the system and toggled with the corresponding signal molecules. There are countless possibilities for genes that could be cloned into such a system, starting from genes which induce the flowering of plants or the production of a certain resistance gene. In our example, the production of a short lived species of GFP is induced or repressed as soon as either the ON or OFF signal molecule enters the cell.

Design

The system is based on a dCas9 toggle switch, which can be activated or shut-down by a single dose of a signal molecule and stays in its state until a different signal is added. The system relies on dCas9 binding in complex with a specific guide-RNA to the respective site in the promoter of a gene and thereby blocking its transcription. This means that the expression of any gene behind this blocked site is being shut down. As signal molecules, we first created receptors for ethanol, estradiol, and copper. Since these receptors are rather complicated to create and represent a critical element in our system we decided to implement another way of inducing the system, which allows us to test the switch without the need of a functioning receptor. We came up with the idea of using guide-RNA, contained in liposomes to activate the toggle switch.

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