Difference between revisions of "Team:Purdue/Design"

 
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<h1> Things That Go Here</h1>
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<div class='header'>
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<ul>
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<img style="opacity:.75;" src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ed/T--Purdue--yellowAbs.jpg'/>
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    <li> The Paper-Test and the iterations</li>
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<div class='title'>Solution</div>
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    <li> The Discussion of Assays used to test</li>
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<div class='section'>
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<div class="column full_size" id="Paper Based Assay">
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<div class="spacer-small"></div>
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<div id="Engineering Project Management">
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<p style="font-size:2em;">A paper-based assay containing proteins that have the ability to quickly detect <i>C. Albicans</i> more specifically. Let’s explain…</p>
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<h1> Paper Based-Assay Design </h1>
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<div class="spacer-small"></div>
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<p> The final product started with a simple early prototype. Before setting out to create this product, creteria needed to be set. This led us to create a table for our design criteria</p>
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</div>
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<table>
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    <tr>
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<div class="section">
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        <th>
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<div class="wrapper">
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            Customer Need
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<h1>Speed</h1>
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        <th>
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<div class='col-sm-4'>
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            Technical Need
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            Technical Requirement
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        <th>
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      <circle r="140" cx="150" cy="150" fill="black"/>
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            Target value
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      <rect x='150' y='150' height='135' width='10' rx='15' ry='15' transform='translate(-5 -135) rotate(0)'transform-origin='155 285' fill="white"/>
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        </th>
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      <rect x='150' y='150' height='75' width='10' rx='15' ry='15' transform='translate(-5 -75) rotate(120)' transform-origin='155 225' fill="white"/>
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    </mask>
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        <td>  
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<image xlink:href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ed/T--Purdue--yellowAbs.jpg' x='0' y='0' width='200%' mask='url(#clock)'/>
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            The test should give results fast
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<!-- <circle cx='150' cy='150' r='1'/> -->
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</svg>
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        <td>
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</div>
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            How fast the reaction occurs once the sample is applied
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<div class='col-sm-8'>
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        </td>
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<p style="font-size:1.25em;">The time it takes to see the result of our test is simply limited to how fast our color indicating solution can move through the paper. Therefore, we’ve reduced the wait time to minutes or even seconds. This allows a much faster diagnosis and decreases the wait time before a patient finally seeks accurate treatment.</p>
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        <td>
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            *Insert data from survey
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<div class="spacer-small"></div>
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        <td>
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            *Insert data from survey - x
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        </td>
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<div class="section">
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<div class="wrapper">
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    <tr>
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<h1>Accuracy</h1>
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        <td>
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<div class="row">
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            The test should be cheap
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<div class='col-sm-8'>
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        </td>
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<p style="font-size:1.25em;">One of the biggest challenges in designing a diagnostic for <i>C. albicans</i> is striking a reasonable balance between sensitivity and specificity. The most reliable infection biomarker is some aspect of a yeast cell itself; this makes the limit of detection only as low as how many cells there are present. Thus, it is necessary to detect a biomarker both readily available in collected bodily samples and indicative of only <i>C. albicans</i> only as well.</p>
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        <td>
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<p>Our protein construct is built to interact with farnesol or tyrosol exclusively. Both of these molecules are specifically secreted by <i>C. albicans</i> in either their infectious bloodborne or mucosal stages respectively. This specific interaction allows our assay to solely detect <i>C. albicans</i> and therefore avoid accidental misdiagnoses.</p>
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            The test needs to cost little USD
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</div>
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        </td>
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<div class='col-sm-4'>
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        <td>
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<svg width='300' height='300'>
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            The test should cost less than x1$ to make (data from survey)
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        </td>
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    <mask id="hole">
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        <td>
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      <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="black"/>
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            The test will be less than x2$(amount less than x1) to make.
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      <circle r="150" cx="150" cy="150" fill="white"/>
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      <circle r="134" cx="150" cy="150" fill="black"/>
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      <circle r="84" cx="150" cy="150" fill="black"/>
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      <circle r="50" cx="150" cy="150" fill="white"/>
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            The test should be easy to use
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      <circle r="34" cx="150" cy="150" fill="black"/>
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        </td>
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      <circle r="10" cx="150" cy="150" fill="white"/>
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            Test will require little steps top use
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</defs>
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        </td>
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<image xlink:href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ed/T--Purdue--yellowAbs.jpg' x='0' y='0' width='200%' mask='url(#hole)'/>
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        <td>
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</svg>
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            Test will have less than x1 steps
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        <td>
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<div class="spacer-small"></div>
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            Test will have less than x2 steps
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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      <tr>
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<div class="wrapper">
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          <td> Test needs to be able to be shipped worldwide </td>
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<h1>Accessibility</h1>
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          <td> Test can last several days after creation </td>
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<div class="row">
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          <td> test can last X days </td>
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          <td> test will last x2 days</td>
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          <td>test needs to be accurate</td>
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          <td> Test will very sensitive</td>
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<g transform="translate(0.000000,200) scale(0.100000,-0.100000)" fill="white" stroke="none">
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          <td> Test will have x% sensitivity</td>
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<path d="M847 1794 c-373 -67 -657 -411 -657 -794 0 -368 254 -692 615 -786
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          <td> test will have less than x% sensitivity</td>
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      </tr>
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-511 676 -939 599z m328 -84 c447 -114 683 -607 486 -1015 -78 -163 -184 -270
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<path d="M955 1511 c-45 -20 -70 -60 -70 -112 0 -41 5 -53 32 -80 80 -81 218
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<div id="assay design">
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<path d="M632 1294 c-25 -17 -30 -60 -9 -86 6 -9 68 -33 137 -53 172 -51 161
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<p> Now that we know what our targets are, it is time to come up with several designs. One important question asked was if it is better to have 2 different designs or one test that could detect for both. This led to a variety of designs. There could either be a 2D design or 3D design. . Early designs looked a little bit like the following<!-- Set picture of early drawings here Go into detail about the 2D design that incorporated both-->
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-42 154 -128 -8 -94 -23 -148 -89 -312 -30 -75 -55 -146 -55 -159 0 -46 70
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However, after meeting with Dr.Linnes, an assistant professor at Purdue University in the department of Biomedical Engineering, our team decided on different designs 3D assays for our Farnesol detection. At the time the chosen design was the following <!-- Go in depth about the 3D design and why it was liked. -->
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-75 102 -42 7 7 38 63 68 125 30 61 57 111 60 111 3 0 28 -48 55 -107 27 -60
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</div>
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55 -116 64 -126 23 -27 81 -19 100 13 13 24 9 37 -52 190 -71 180 -87 240 -87
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<div id="96 Well assay">
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330 0 57 1 59 33 69 17 5 79 24 137 41 58 18 111 37 118 42 17 15 15 74 -4 92
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<p> Our team found in scientific literature different methods for testing designs. Our team decided that one of the best approaches was to use series of printed 96 well plates. The very first few printed was used to test our design of the 96 well plates. We were testing to see if there were any leaks of water flowing through different wells.
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-22 22 -35 21 -180 -19 -81 -22 -150 -35 -189 -35 -39 0 -108 13 -189 35 -147
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<!-- Entire Section subject to change after we do the testing-->  
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40 -144 40 -174 19z"/>
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After we tweaked our design, we began to model our different tests that would mimic our final design. After using the data and incorporated our model, we were able to print a few of our final designs in order to
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</g>
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do sensitivity analysis as well as durability of the design.</p>
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    </mask>
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<div id="Descision Matrix>
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</defs>
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<p> The next step after testing was to evaluate our designs using a decision matrix. This is seen below</p>
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<image xlink:href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ed/T--Purdue--yellowAbs.jpg' x='0' y='0' width='200%' mask='url(#access)'/>
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<table>
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</svg>
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      <tr>
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          <td>Characteristics</td>
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<div class='col-sm-8'>
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          <td>Weight</td>
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<p style="font-size:1.5em;">The assay is made up of primarily protein, paper, and wax. Both the paper and the wax are cost-effective and stored at a larger range of conditions.These factors allow our assay to pose as a feasible, self-diagnostic option to the average women and to developing countries. The product could easily be stocked and stored in drug stores or the average home. It could also withstand travel and storage to assist those in developing countries. </p>
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<p>The assay itself costs around 0.11$. This is affordable for most poorer people, though there is a bit of room for improvement. According to the Action Against Hunger.</p>
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      </tr>
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</div>
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      <tr>
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</div>
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          <td>Speed</td>
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<div class="spacer-extrasmall"></div>
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      </tr>
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</div>
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      <tr>
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          <td>Complexity</td>
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<div class="section">
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      </tr>
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<div class="wrapper">
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      <tr>
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<h1>In Conclusion</h1>
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          <td>Accuracy</td>
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<div class="spacer-extrasmall"></div>
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      </tr>
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<p style="font-size:1.5em;">If you compare our newly designed test to other testing options that are commonly used, our test is able to improve on these three factors to provide us a better solution to diagnosing yeast infections.</p>
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      <tr>
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<div class="spacer-small"></div>
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          <td>Durability</td>
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</div>
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</body>
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          <td>Cost</td>
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<h1>Design</h1>
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<p>
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Design is the first step in the design-build-test cycle in engineering and synthetic biology. Use this page to describe the process that you used in the design of your parts. You should clearly explain the engineering principles used to design your project.
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</p>
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This page is different to the "Applied Design Award" page. Please see the <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Purdue/Applied_Design">Applied Design</a> page for more information on how to compete for that award.
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<h3>What should this page contain?</h3>
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<li>Explanation of the engineering principles your team used in your design</li>
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<li>Discussion of the design iterations your team went through</li>
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<h3>Inspiration</h3>
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:MIT/Experiments/Promoters">2016 MIT</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:BostonU/Proof">2016 BostonU</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/Design">2016 NCTU Formosa</a></li>
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{{:Team:Purdue/Footer}}

Latest revision as of 02:15, 18 October 2018

Bootstrap Example

Solution

A paper-based assay containing proteins that have the ability to quickly detect C. Albicans more specifically. Let’s explain…

Speed

The time it takes to see the result of our test is simply limited to how fast our color indicating solution can move through the paper. Therefore, we’ve reduced the wait time to minutes or even seconds. This allows a much faster diagnosis and decreases the wait time before a patient finally seeks accurate treatment.

Accuracy

One of the biggest challenges in designing a diagnostic for C. albicans is striking a reasonable balance between sensitivity and specificity. The most reliable infection biomarker is some aspect of a yeast cell itself; this makes the limit of detection only as low as how many cells there are present. Thus, it is necessary to detect a biomarker both readily available in collected bodily samples and indicative of only C. albicans only as well.

Our protein construct is built to interact with farnesol or tyrosol exclusively. Both of these molecules are specifically secreted by C. albicans in either their infectious bloodborne or mucosal stages respectively. This specific interaction allows our assay to solely detect C. albicans and therefore avoid accidental misdiagnoses.

Accessibility

The assay is made up of primarily protein, paper, and wax. Both the paper and the wax are cost-effective and stored at a larger range of conditions.These factors allow our assay to pose as a feasible, self-diagnostic option to the average women and to developing countries. The product could easily be stocked and stored in drug stores or the average home. It could also withstand travel and storage to assist those in developing countries.

The assay itself costs around 0.11$. This is affordable for most poorer people, though there is a bit of room for improvement. According to the Action Against Hunger.

In Conclusion

If you compare our newly designed test to other testing options that are commonly used, our test is able to improve on these three factors to provide us a better solution to diagnosing yeast infections.

Special Thanks

to all those that made this possible

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Contact Us

igem@purdue.edu

Kevin Fitzgerald, B025

1203 W State St.

West Lafayette, IN 47906