Difference between revisions of "Team:DLUT China B/Description"

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    <title>Description</title>
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<body>
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<div id="dlutb">
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    <div id="moduleHeader">
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        <div id="nav"></div>
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        <br>
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        <div class="moduleTitle">Project</div>
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        <div class="subModule">
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            <span>Description</span>
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        </div>
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    </div>
  
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    <div>
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        <h2 class="title">We are concerned about the world's largest potential group of chronic kidney disease</h2>
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        <div class="mainText">
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            <p>According to statistics of the World Health Organization, about 1.2 million people died of kidney disease
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                in
 +
                2015
 +
                worldwide, which is 32% higher than that in 2005. Among them, diabetes and hypertensive patients are the
 +
                largest
 +
                potential victims of chronic kidney disease. Of the new ESRD patients in the United States in the past
 +
                10
 +
                years, 58%
 +
                are from diabetes and hypertension patients. If we do not intervene in patients with early-stage
 +
                hypertension or
 +
                diabetes, it will cause a dramatic deterioration of renal function with a mortality rate up to 90%.
 +
                However,
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                if the
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                patient's kidney status can be monitored at any time, with early detection and timely medical treatment,
 +
                up
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                to 70%
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                of the disease may be reversed. Therefore, it is of great social significance to monitor the renal
 +
                status of
 +
                patients with early-stage hypertension and diabetes.</p>
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            <p>At this stage, the excretion rate of urinary microalbumin (mALB) is mainly used to diagnose diabetic
 +
                nephropathy and
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                hypertensive nephropathy. Although the detection method is relatively perfect, it has the following
 +
                disadvantages:</p>
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            <ol>
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                <li>The accuracy and specificity of mALB in diagnosing DN are not high, and urinary tract infection and
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                    other
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                    factors can increase the excretion rate of urinary albumin, resulting in high misdiagnosis and
 +
                    missed
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                    diagnosis.
 +
                </li>
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                <li>When the mALB is abnormal, DN has progressed to Phase III. It is not sufficient to use this
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                    indicator to
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                    monitor
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                    the occurrence and development of DN.
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                </li>
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                <li>Renal impairment in hypertension occurs first in the renal tubules, and then in the glomerulus.
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                    Urine
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                    microalbumin mainly reflects glomerular filtration impairment and is not sensitive to renal tubular
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                    injury.
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                </li>
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            </ol>
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        </div>
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    </div>
  
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<h1>Description</h1>
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<p>Tell us about your project, describe what moves you and why this is something important for your team.</p>
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    <div>
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        <h2 class="title">We use β<sub>2</sub>M for high sensitivity monitoring of the kidneys</h2>
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        <div class="mainText">
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            <p>In order to solve the problems in the above detection methods, we conducted a multi-study investigation
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                to
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                find a new
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                type of indicator β<sub>2</sub>M which has higher sensitivity to early kidney damage. β<sub>2</sub>M is
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                a
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                small
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                molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can be freely
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                filtered
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                from the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubular in 99.9% . Under normal condition, the
 +
                excretion
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                of
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                β<sub>2</sub>M in urine(U-β<sub>2</sub>M) is very small which is no more than 0.25mg/L. U-β<sub>2</sub>M
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                excretion
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                is increased in early urine of diabetic patients with stage I hypertension and diabetes. With the
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                deepening
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                of the
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                renal damage, β<sub>2</sub>M accumulates in patients and continue increase. Therefore, the detection of
 +
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M in patients with a risk of kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension, can
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                achieve
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                real-time
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                monitoring of the condition of the kidneys, as well as the discovery of early nephropathy to prevent
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                irreversible
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                damage to the kidneys.</p>
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        </div>
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    </div>
  
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    <div id="fixed3"></div>
  
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    <div>
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        <h2 class="title">What kind of a work we want to complete?</h2>
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        <div class="mainText">
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            <p>Patients with diabetes for about 5 years or those with Hypertension for 5 to 10 years are at high risk of
 +
                chronic
 +
                kidney disease and are at risk of renal impairment at any time. Since diabetics and hypertensives are
 +
                usually
 +
                treated at home in early stages , routine blood and urine tests are rarely performed and the
 +
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M
 +
                indicator is unknown. This has led many patients to miss the opportunity for early intervention and
 +
                control.
 +
                Our
 +
                work enables these patients to easily monitor their own renal function status at home through the
 +
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M
 +
                test. In addition, we can use mobile devices to conduct a brief analysis of the patient's renal function
 +
                and
 +
                give
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                medical advice.</p>
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        </div>
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    </div>
  
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    <div id="fixed4"></div>
  
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<div class="column two_thirds_size">
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    <div>
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<h3>What should this page contain?</h3>
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        <h2 class="title">For U-β<sub>2</sub>M we developed a suitable detection method</h2>
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<ul>
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        <div class="mainText">
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<li> A clear and concise description of your project.</li>
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            <p>In this project, we combined strongly specific nanobodies with high-sensitivity liquid crystal detection
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<li>A detailed explanation of why your team chose to work on this particular project.</li>
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                to
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<li>References and sources to document your research.</li>
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                develop a
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<li>Use illustrations and other visual resources to explain your project.</li>
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                visual detection method, thereby enabling accurate quantification or semiquantification of
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</ul>
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                microgram-levelU-
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</div>
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                β<sub>2</sub>M. Firstly, we use nanobody to specifically bind to β<sub>2</sub>M. Compared with
 +
                conventional
 +
                antibodies, nanobody is a smaller molecular,less susceptible to denaturation, but still has intact
 +
                antigen
 +
                binding
 +
                properties. In addition, nanobodies can be expressed by <i>E. coli</i> , which make the cost of
 +
                production
 +
                is
 +
                greatly reduced. What's more, we use the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal
 +
                application
 +
                that we are familiar with is liquid crystal display, but this is to change the arrangement of the liquid
 +
                crystal
 +
                molecules through the electric current, thus show different light signals. Here, we modify the liquid
 +
                crystal cell
 +
                substrate with antibodies. After combining antigens, the micro-environment of the liquid crystal cell
 +
                platform
 +
                changes, resulting in a significant difference in color or brightness , the visualization of detection
 +
                is
 +
                achieved.
 +
            </p>
 +
            <p>This project will propose a low-cost, portable and visible method for monitoring early renal injury and
 +
                provide
 +
                medical advice for patients with hypertension and diabetes.
 +
            </p>
 +
        </div>
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    </div>
  
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    {{DLUT_China_B/template/post}}
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<h3>Inspiration</h3>
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<p>See how other teams have described and presented their projects: </p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College/Description">2016 Imperial College</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Wageningen_UR/Description">2016 Wageningen UR</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UC_Davis/Project_Overview"> 2014 UC Davis</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SYSU-Software/Overview">2014 SYSU Software</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Advice on writing your Project Description</h3>
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We encourage you to put up a lot of information and content on your wiki, but we also encourage you to include summaries as much as possible. If you think of the sections in your project description as the sections in a publication, you should try to be concise, accurate, and unambiguous in your achievements.
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<h3>References</h3>
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<p>iGEM teams are encouraged to record references you use during the course of your research. They should be posted somewhere on your wiki so that judges and other visitors can see how you thought about your project and what works inspired you.</p>
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Revision as of 12:01, 18 September 2018

Description


Project
Description

We are concerned about the world's largest potential group of chronic kidney disease

According to statistics of the World Health Organization, about 1.2 million people died of kidney disease in 2015 worldwide, which is 32% higher than that in 2005. Among them, diabetes and hypertensive patients are the largest potential victims of chronic kidney disease. Of the new ESRD patients in the United States in the past 10 years, 58% are from diabetes and hypertension patients. If we do not intervene in patients with early-stage hypertension or diabetes, it will cause a dramatic deterioration of renal function with a mortality rate up to 90%. However, if the patient's kidney status can be monitored at any time, with early detection and timely medical treatment, up to 70% of the disease may be reversed. Therefore, it is of great social significance to monitor the renal status of patients with early-stage hypertension and diabetes.

At this stage, the excretion rate of urinary microalbumin (mALB) is mainly used to diagnose diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy. Although the detection method is relatively perfect, it has the following disadvantages:

  1. The accuracy and specificity of mALB in diagnosing DN are not high, and urinary tract infection and other factors can increase the excretion rate of urinary albumin, resulting in high misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
  2. When the mALB is abnormal, DN has progressed to Phase III. It is not sufficient to use this indicator to monitor the occurrence and development of DN.
  3. Renal impairment in hypertension occurs first in the renal tubules, and then in the glomerulus. Urine microalbumin mainly reflects glomerular filtration impairment and is not sensitive to renal tubular injury.

We use β2M for high sensitivity monitoring of the kidneys

In order to solve the problems in the above detection methods, we conducted a multi-study investigation to find a new type of indicator β2M which has higher sensitivity to early kidney damage. β2M is a small molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can be freely filtered from the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubular in 99.9% . Under normal condition, the excretion of β2M in urine(U-β2M) is very small which is no more than 0.25mg/L. U-β2M excretion is increased in early urine of diabetic patients with stage I hypertension and diabetes. With the deepening of the renal damage, β2M accumulates in patients and continue increase. Therefore, the detection of U-β2M in patients with a risk of kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension, can achieve real-time monitoring of the condition of the kidneys, as well as the discovery of early nephropathy to prevent irreversible damage to the kidneys.

What kind of a work we want to complete?

Patients with diabetes for about 5 years or those with Hypertension for 5 to 10 years are at high risk of chronic kidney disease and are at risk of renal impairment at any time. Since diabetics and hypertensives are usually treated at home in early stages , routine blood and urine tests are rarely performed and the U-β2M indicator is unknown. This has led many patients to miss the opportunity for early intervention and control. Our work enables these patients to easily monitor their own renal function status at home through the U-β2M test. In addition, we can use mobile devices to conduct a brief analysis of the patient's renal function and give medical advice.

For U-β2M we developed a suitable detection method

In this project, we combined strongly specific nanobodies with high-sensitivity liquid crystal detection to develop a visual detection method, thereby enabling accurate quantification or semiquantification of microgram-levelU- β2M. Firstly, we use nanobody to specifically bind to β2M. Compared with conventional antibodies, nanobody is a smaller molecular,less susceptible to denaturation, but still has intact antigen binding properties. In addition, nanobodies can be expressed by E. coli , which make the cost of production is greatly reduced. What's more, we use the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal application that we are familiar with is liquid crystal display, but this is to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules through the electric current, thus show different light signals. Here, we modify the liquid crystal cell substrate with antibodies. After combining antigens, the micro-environment of the liquid crystal cell platform changes, resulting in a significant difference in color or brightness , the visualization of detection is achieved.

This project will propose a low-cost, portable and visible method for monitoring early renal injury and provide medical advice for patients with hypertension and diabetes.

{{DLUT_China_B/template/post}}