Difference between revisions of "Team:Makerere University"

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<li><a class="active" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Makerere_University/Description" >Project
 
  
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<h1>This is A page update</h1>
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Introduction
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Background.
 +
Plastics are a waste product that pollutes the environment we live in and many resolutions have
 +
been implemented with little long term success. Researchers found a gram-stain-negative,
 +
aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium in 2014, known as Ideonella Sakaiensis strain
 +
201-F6 that is able to degrade poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics which is a condensation
 +
polymer used in plastic that is highly resistant to biodegradation. It is industrially produced by
 +
either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol. Ideonella sakaiensis 201-
 +
F6, is able to use PET as its major energy and carbon source using two enzymes capable of
 +
hydrolyzing PET and the reaction intermediate, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid. “Both
 +
enzymes are required to enzymatically convert PET efficiently into its two environmentally
 +
benign monomers terephthalic and ethylene glycol.”
 +
Problem Statement.
 +
It is estimated that 600 tonnes of plastics are disposed of in Uganda and in Kampala city vast
 +
chunk of plastics wastes are littered all over the city, clogging the sewage system, according to
 +
the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)
 +
About 51% of the plastic garbage in the city is left uncollected and ends up in the drainage
 +
system/channels, wetlands, natural water courses, manholes, undeveloped plots and on roadside,
 +
according to NEMA. Plastic wastes endangers human life, animals and environmental if not well
 +
controlled and disposed of in a proper way. Pollution of plastics is less visible and therefore our
 +
policy makers do not see it a priority yet it is a silent killer. Plastics takes approximately 450
 +
years to completely decompose. Additionally, toxins from decomposed plastics are introduced
 +
into ecological systems that humans often manipulate for food.
 +
A robust sensitization program is needed to make the population aware of the dangers associated
 +
with plastic waste such as lung cancer.
 +
Purpose of the project.
 +
Inspired by bacteria with an unprecedented ability, Ideonella sakaiensis, that naturally
 +
decomposes polyethylene terephthalate, we have decided to genetically modify E. coli cells to
 +
model the plastic degradation machine; we shall do so by adding the Lipase and Chlorogenate
 +
Esterase genes from Ideonella sakaiensis into E. coli bacterial cells.
 +
With the engineered E. coli bacteria, the enzymes introduced are able to express the plastic�degrading abilities. This particular proposition can realistically be executed because of the
 +
minimal effort and financial advantage it presents.
  
 
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<h1>PLASTIC DEGRADATION</h1>
 
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<p>Our project is to address the hazardous effects of poor plastic waste disposal in Africa. Plastic in Africa is majorly in the form PET modelled in the form of bottles, containers and even polythene making them one of the most commonly used house hold materials. However, after they have served their use they are disposed off most commonly by throwing them away or by burning them(combustion).<br>
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Either of these ways are not environmentally friendly since the plastic can contaminate animal feed and possibly poison them or through combustion can enhance on the known threat of global warming.This would have a great impact on the nutrition and also influence agricultural production. <br>With the knowledge of synthetic biology plastic waste can be degraded and even produce useful products after its degradation. </p>
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<h1>Sponsors come here!</h1>
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</br>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/67/T--makerere_university--bottles-conta...t-802221.jpg" style="width:600px;height:400px;"><p>PET bottles are dumped everywhere in our communities,and the government is tirelessly working to reduce the accumulation which may hinder public health</p>
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  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--makerere_university--plastics_dump_image.jpg" style="width:600px;height:400px;">
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  <p>Plastics dumped near water systems utilised by the community, which unneccesarily has become a custom that people are unbothered by the threats plastic accumulation can have on there health and livelihood. </p>
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Revision as of 21:00, 30 September 2018

Home page Wiki

This is A page update

Introduction Background. Plastics are a waste product that pollutes the environment we live in and many resolutions have been implemented with little long term success. Researchers found a gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium in 2014, known as Ideonella Sakaiensis strain 201-F6 that is able to degrade poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics which is a condensation polymer used in plastic that is highly resistant to biodegradation. It is industrially produced by either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol. Ideonella sakaiensis 201- F6, is able to use PET as its major energy and carbon source using two enzymes capable of hydrolyzing PET and the reaction intermediate, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid. “Both enzymes are required to enzymatically convert PET efficiently into its two environmentally benign monomers terephthalic and ethylene glycol.” Problem Statement. It is estimated that 600 tonnes of plastics are disposed of in Uganda and in Kampala city vast chunk of plastics wastes are littered all over the city, clogging the sewage system, according to the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) About 51% of the plastic garbage in the city is left uncollected and ends up in the drainage system/channels, wetlands, natural water courses, manholes, undeveloped plots and on roadside, according to NEMA. Plastic wastes endangers human life, animals and environmental if not well controlled and disposed of in a proper way. Pollution of plastics is less visible and therefore our policy makers do not see it a priority yet it is a silent killer. Plastics takes approximately 450 years to completely decompose. Additionally, toxins from decomposed plastics are introduced into ecological systems that humans often manipulate for food. A robust sensitization program is needed to make the population aware of the dangers associated with plastic waste such as lung cancer. Purpose of the project. Inspired by bacteria with an unprecedented ability, Ideonella sakaiensis, that naturally decomposes polyethylene terephthalate, we have decided to genetically modify E. coli cells to model the plastic degradation machine; we shall do so by adding the Lipase and Chlorogenate Esterase genes from Ideonella sakaiensis into E. coli bacterial cells. With the engineered E. coli bacteria, the enzymes introduced are able to express the plastic�degrading abilities. This particular proposition can realistically be executed because of the minimal effort and financial advantage it presents.