Difference between revisions of "Team:DLUT China B/Description"

(增加防爬虫电子邮箱地址。)
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     <title>Description</title>
 
     <title>Description</title>
 
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     </div>
 
     </div>
  
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     <div>
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     <div id="mainBody">
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         <h2 class="title">We are concerned about the world's largest potential group of chronic kidney disease</h2>
+
         <nav id="contents"></nav>
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        <div class="mainText">
+
        <div id="article">
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            <p>According to statistics of the World Health Organization, about 1.2 million people died of kidney disease
+
            <div>
−
                in
+
                <h2 class="title">We are concerned about the world's largest potential group of chronic kidney
−
                2015
+
                    disease</h2>
−
                worldwide, which is 32% higher than that in 2005. Among them, diabetes and hypertensive patients are the
+
                <div class="mainText">
−
                largest
+
                    <p>According to statistics of the World Health Organization, about 1.2 million people died of kidney
−
                potential victims of chronic kidney disease. Of the new ESRD patients in the United States in the past
+
                        disease in 2015
−
                10
+
                        worldwide, which is 32% higher than that in 2005. Among them, diabetes and hypertensive patients
−
                years, 58%
+
                        are the largest potential victims of chronic kidney disease. Of the new ESRD patients in the
−
                are from diabetes and hypertension patients. If we do not intervene in patients with early-stage
+
                        United States in
−
                hypertension or
+
                        the past 10
−
                diabetes, it will cause a dramatic deterioration of renal function with a mortality rate up to 90%.
+
                        years, 58%
−
                However,
+
                        are from diabetes and hypertension patients. If we do not intervene in patients with early-stage
−
                if the
+
                        hypertension or
−
                patient's kidney status can be monitored at any time, with early detection and timely medical treatment,
+
                        diabetes, it will cause a dramatic deterioration of renal function with a mortality rate up to
−
                up
+
                        90%.
−
                to 70%
+
                        However,
−
                of the disease may be reversed. Therefore, it is of great social significance to monitor the renal
+
                        if the
−
                status of
+
                        patient's kidney status can be monitored at any time, with early detection and timely medical
−
                patients with early-stage hypertension and diabetes.</p>
+
                        treatment,
−
            <p>At this stage, the excretion rate of urinary microalbumin (mALB) is mainly used to diagnose diabetic
+
                        up
−
                nephropathy and
+
                        to 70%
−
                hypertensive nephropathy. Although the detection method is relatively perfect, it has the following
+
                        of the disease may be reversed. Therefore, it is of great social significance to monitor the
−
                disadvantages:</p>
+
                        renal
−
            <ol>
+
                        status of
−
                <li>The accuracy and specificity of mALB in diagnosing DN are not high, and urinary tract infection and
+
                        patients with early-stage hypertension and diabetes.</p>
−
                    other
+
                    <p>At this stage, the excretion rate of urinary microalbumin (mALB) is mainly used to diagnose
−
                    factors can increase the excretion rate of urinary albumin, resulting in high misdiagnosis and
+
                        diabetic
−
                    missed
+
                        nephropathy and
−
                    diagnosis.
+
                        hypertensive nephropathy. Although the detection method is relatively perfect, it has the
−
                </li>
+
                        following
−
                <li>When the mALB is abnormal, DN has progressed to Phase III. It is not sufficient to use this
+
                        disadvantages:</p>
−
                    indicator to
+
                    <ol>
−
                    monitor
+
                        <li>The accuracy and specificity of mALB in diagnosing DN are not high, and urinary tract
−
                    the occurrence and development of DN.
+
                            infection
−
                </li>
+
                            and
−
                <li>Renal impairment in hypertension occurs first in the renal tubules, and then in the glomerulus.
+
                            other
−
                    Urine
+
                            factors can increase the excretion rate of urinary albumin, resulting in high misdiagnosis
−
                    microalbumin mainly reflects glomerular filtration impairment and is not sensitive to renal tubular
+
                            and
−
                    injury.
+
                            missed
−
                </li>
+
                            diagnosis.
−
            </ol>
+
                        </li>
−
        </div>
+
                        <li>When the mALB is abnormal, DN has progressed to Phase III. It is not sufficient to use this
−
    </div>
+
                            indicator to
 +
                            monitor
 +
                            the occurrence and development of DN.
 +
                        </li>
 +
                        <li>Renal impairment in hypertension occurs first in the renal tubules, and then in the
 +
                            glomerulus.
 +
                            Urine
 +
                            microalbumin mainly reflects glomerular filtration impairment and is not sensitive to renal
 +
                            tubular
 +
                            injury.
 +
                        </li>
 +
                    </ol>
 +
                </div>
 +
            </div>
  
−
    <div id="fixed2"></div>
+
            <div>
 +
                <h2 class="title">We use β<sub>2</sub>M for high sensitivity monitoring of the kidneys</h2>
 +
                <div class="mainText">
 +
                    <p>In order to solve the problems in the above detection methods, we conducted a multi-study
 +
                        investigation
 +
                        to
 +
                        find a new
 +
                        type of indicator β<sub>2</sub>M which has higher sensitivity to early kidney damage.
 +
                        β<sub>2</sub>M
 +
                        is
 +
                        a
 +
                        small
 +
                        molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can
 +
                        be
 +
                        freely
 +
                        filtered
 +
                        from the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubular in 99.9% . Under normal condition,
 +
                        the
 +
                        excretion
 +
                        of
 +
                        β<sub>2</sub>M in urine(U-β<sub>2</sub>M) is very small which is no more than 0.25mg/L.
 +
                        U-β<sub>2</sub>M
 +
                        excretion
 +
                        is increased in early urine of diabetic patients with stage I hypertension and diabetes. With
 +
                        the
 +
                        deepening
 +
                        of the
 +
                        renal damage, β<sub>2</sub>M accumulates in patients and continue increase. Therefore, the
 +
                        detection
 +
                        of
 +
                        U-β<sub>2</sub>M in patients with a risk of kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension,
 +
                        can
 +
                        achieve
 +
                        real-time
 +
                        monitoring of the condition of the kidneys, as well as the discovery of early nephropathy to
 +
                        prevent
 +
                        irreversible
 +
                        damage to the kidneys.</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
            </div>
  
−
    <div>
+
            <div>
−
        <h2 class="title">We use β<sub>2</sub>M for high sensitivity monitoring of the kidneys</h2>
+
                <h2 class="title">What kind of a work we want to complete?</h2>
−
        <div class="mainText">
+
                <div class="mainText">
−
            <p>In order to solve the problems in the above detection methods, we conducted a multi-study investigation
+
                    <p>Patients with diabetes for about 5 years or those with Hypertension for 5 to 10 years are at high
−
                to
+
                        risk of
−
                find a new
+
                        chronic
−
                type of indicator β<sub>2</sub>M which has higher sensitivity to early kidney damage. β<sub>2</sub>M is
+
                        kidney disease and are at risk of renal impairment at any time. Since diabetics and
−
                a
+
                        hypertensives
−
                small
+
                        are
−
                molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can be freely
+
                        usually
−
                filtered
+
                        treated at home in early stages , routine blood and urine tests are rarely performed and the
−
                from the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubular in 99.9% . Under normal condition, the
+
                        U-β<sub>2</sub>M
−
                excretion
+
                        indicator is unknown. This has led many patients to miss the opportunity for early intervention
−
                of
+
                        and
−
                β<sub>2</sub>M in urine(U-β<sub>2</sub>M) is very small which is no more than 0.25mg/L. U-β<sub>2</sub>M
+
                        control.
−
                excretion
+
                        Our
−
                is increased in early urine of diabetic patients with stage I hypertension and diabetes. With the
+
                        work enables these patients to easily monitor their own renal function status at home through
−
                deepening
+
                        the
−
                of the
+
                        U-β<sub>2</sub>M
−
                renal damage, β<sub>2</sub>M accumulates in patients and continue increase. Therefore, the detection of
+
                        test. In addition, we can use mobile devices to conduct a brief analysis of the patient's renal
−
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M in patients with a risk of kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension, can
+
                        function
−
                achieve
+
                        and
−
                real-time
+
                        give
−
                monitoring of the condition of the kidneys, as well as the discovery of early nephropathy to prevent
+
                        medical advice.</p>
−
                irreversible
+
                </div>
−
                damage to the kidneys.</p>
+
            </div>
−
        </div>
+
−
    </div>
+
  
−
    <div id="fixed3"></div>
+
            <div>
−
 
+
                 <h2 class="title">For U-β<sub>2</sub>M we developed a suitable detection method</h2>
−
    <div>
+
                <div class="mainText">
−
        <h2 class="title">What kind of a work we want to complete?</h2>
+
                    <p>In this project, we combined strongly specific nanobodies with high-sensitivity liquid crystal
−
        <div class="mainText">
+
                        detection
−
            <p>Patients with diabetes for about 5 years or those with Hypertension for 5 to 10 years are at high risk of
+
                        to
−
                 chronic
+
                        develop a
−
                kidney disease and are at risk of renal impairment at any time. Since diabetics and hypertensives are
+
                        visual detection method, thereby enabling accurate quantification or semiquantification of
−
                usually
+
                        microgram-levelU-
−
                treated at home in early stages , routine blood and urine tests are rarely performed and the
+
                        β<sub>2</sub>M. Firstly, we use nanobody to specifically bind to β<sub>2</sub>M. Compared with
−
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M
+
                        conventional
−
                indicator is unknown. This has led many patients to miss the opportunity for early intervention and
+
                        antibodies, nanobody is a smaller molecular,less susceptible to denaturation, but still has
−
                control.
+
                        intact
−
                Our
+
                        antigen
−
                work enables these patients to easily monitor their own renal function status at home through the
+
                        binding
−
                U-β<sub>2</sub>M
+
                        properties. In addition, nanobodies can be expressed by <i>E. coli</i> , which make the cost of
−
                test. In addition, we can use mobile devices to conduct a brief analysis of the patient's renal function
+
                        production
−
                and
+
                        is
−
                give
+
                        greatly reduced. What's more, we use the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid
−
                medical advice.</p>
+
                        crystal
−
        </div>
+
                        application
−
    </div>
+
                        that we are familiar with is liquid crystal display, but this is to change the arrangement of
−
 
+
                        the
−
    <div id="fixed4"></div>
+
                        liquid
−
 
+
                        crystal
−
    <div>
+
                        molecules through the electric current, thus show different light signals. Here, we modify the
−
        <h2 class="title">For U-β<sub>2</sub>M we developed a suitable detection method</h2>
+
                        liquid
−
        <div class="mainText">
+
                        crystal cell
−
            <p>In this project, we combined strongly specific nanobodies with high-sensitivity liquid crystal detection
+
                        substrate with antibodies. After combining antigens, the micro-environment of the liquid crystal
−
                to
+
                        cell
−
                develop a
+
                        platform
−
                visual detection method, thereby enabling accurate quantification or semiquantification of
+
                        changes, resulting in a significant difference in color or brightness , the visualization of
−
                microgram-levelU-
+
                        detection
−
                β<sub>2</sub>M. Firstly, we use nanobody to specifically bind to β<sub>2</sub>M. Compared with
+
                        is
−
                conventional
+
                        achieved.
−
                antibodies, nanobody is a smaller molecular,less susceptible to denaturation, but still has intact
+
                    </p>
−
                antigen
+
                    <p>This project will propose a low-cost, portable and visible method for monitoring early renal
−
                binding
+
                        injury
−
                properties. In addition, nanobodies can be expressed by <i>E. coli</i> , which make the cost of
+
                        and
−
                production
+
                        provide
−
                is
+
                        medical advice for patients with hypertension and diabetes.
−
                greatly reduced. What's more, we use the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal
+
                    </p>
−
                application
+
                </div>
−
                that we are familiar with is liquid crystal display, but this is to change the arrangement of the liquid
+
            </div>
−
                crystal
+
−
                molecules through the electric current, thus show different light signals. Here, we modify the liquid
+
−
                crystal cell
+
−
                substrate with antibodies. After combining antigens, the micro-environment of the liquid crystal cell
+
−
                platform
+
−
                changes, resulting in a significant difference in color or brightness , the visualization of detection
+
−
                is
+
−
                achieved.
+
−
            </p>
+
−
            <p>This project will propose a low-cost, portable and visible method for monitoring early renal injury and
+
−
                provide
+
−
                medical advice for patients with hypertension and diabetes.
+
−
            </p>
+
 
         </div>
 
         </div>
 
     </div>
 
     </div>
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Revision as of 06:15, 2 October 2018

Description


Project
Description

We are concerned about the world's largest potential group of chronic kidney disease

According to statistics of the World Health Organization, about 1.2 million people died of kidney disease in 2015 worldwide, which is 32% higher than that in 2005. Among them, diabetes and hypertensive patients are the largest potential victims of chronic kidney disease. Of the new ESRD patients in the United States in the past 10 years, 58% are from diabetes and hypertension patients. If we do not intervene in patients with early-stage hypertension or diabetes, it will cause a dramatic deterioration of renal function with a mortality rate up to 90%. However, if the patient's kidney status can be monitored at any time, with early detection and timely medical treatment, up to 70% of the disease may be reversed. Therefore, it is of great social significance to monitor the renal status of patients with early-stage hypertension and diabetes.

At this stage, the excretion rate of urinary microalbumin (mALB) is mainly used to diagnose diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy. Although the detection method is relatively perfect, it has the following disadvantages:

  1. The accuracy and specificity of mALB in diagnosing DN are not high, and urinary tract infection and other factors can increase the excretion rate of urinary albumin, resulting in high misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
  2. When the mALB is abnormal, DN has progressed to Phase III. It is not sufficient to use this indicator to monitor the occurrence and development of DN.
  3. Renal impairment in hypertension occurs first in the renal tubules, and then in the glomerulus. Urine microalbumin mainly reflects glomerular filtration impairment and is not sensitive to renal tubular injury.

We use β2M for high sensitivity monitoring of the kidneys

In order to solve the problems in the above detection methods, we conducted a multi-study investigation to find a new type of indicator β2M which has higher sensitivity to early kidney damage. β2M is a small molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can be freely filtered from the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubular in 99.9% . Under normal condition, the excretion of β2M in urine(U-β2M) is very small which is no more than 0.25mg/L. U-β2M excretion is increased in early urine of diabetic patients with stage I hypertension and diabetes. With the deepening of the renal damage, β2M accumulates in patients and continue increase. Therefore, the detection of U-β2M in patients with a risk of kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension, can achieve real-time monitoring of the condition of the kidneys, as well as the discovery of early nephropathy to prevent irreversible damage to the kidneys.

What kind of a work we want to complete?

Patients with diabetes for about 5 years or those with Hypertension for 5 to 10 years are at high risk of chronic kidney disease and are at risk of renal impairment at any time. Since diabetics and hypertensives are usually treated at home in early stages , routine blood and urine tests are rarely performed and the U-β2M indicator is unknown. This has led many patients to miss the opportunity for early intervention and control. Our work enables these patients to easily monitor their own renal function status at home through the U-β2M test. In addition, we can use mobile devices to conduct a brief analysis of the patient's renal function and give medical advice.

For U-β2M we developed a suitable detection method

In this project, we combined strongly specific nanobodies with high-sensitivity liquid crystal detection to develop a visual detection method, thereby enabling accurate quantification or semiquantification of microgram-levelU- β2M. Firstly, we use nanobody to specifically bind to β2M. Compared with conventional antibodies, nanobody is a smaller molecular,less susceptible to denaturation, but still has intact antigen binding properties. In addition, nanobodies can be expressed by E. coli , which make the cost of production is greatly reduced. What's more, we use the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal application that we are familiar with is liquid crystal display, but this is to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules through the electric current, thus show different light signals. Here, we modify the liquid crystal cell substrate with antibodies. After combining antigens, the micro-environment of the liquid crystal cell platform changes, resulting in a significant difference in color or brightness , the visualization of detection is achieved.

This project will propose a low-cost, portable and visible method for monitoring early renal injury and provide medical advice for patients with hypertension and diabetes.