Difference between revisions of "Team:Tec-Chihuahua/test"

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  <h4 align="justify">May 26<sup>th</sup><br>Meeting with Ing. Manuel Ramírez Salcido</h4><br>
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      <h4 align="justify">September 22<sup>nd</sup><br>Videocall with Bryan Saavedra</h4><br>
  <div class="a"><p align="justify">Key team members related to the development of the mathematical model, human practices, legal management, and wet lab traveled southeast from our city to visit Salcido apiaries in Delicias; a municipality that bases its economy fundamentally on the food industry. Since we arrived with Mr. Ramírez, it was amazing how the discussion flowed and flowed, getting a meeting that end-up lasting approximately 3 hours; all were valuable minutes that taught us many relevant aspects for the development of our project.</p></div></div>
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      <div class="a"><p align="justify">Keeping on with our international validation on the presence of foulbrood, its implications, and our project insights, we were able to contact a Chilean beekeeper thanks to our colleagues from UChile (LINK collaborations). Bryan Saavedra dedicates to honey production, pollination, and queen bee breeding and exportation. He has dedicated more than a decade of his life to beekeeping and he counts with more than 1000 beehives.</p></div><br>
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      <div class="a"><p align="justify">“Approximately 13% of &nbsp;the &nbsp;Chilean &nbsp;working &nbsp;population &nbsp;is &nbsp;engaged &nbsp;in</p></div></div>
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  <div class="a"><p align="justify">First, Mr. Ramírez covered the topic of the importance of bees, emphasizing how they have always been considered an essential factor for environmental health and he even showed us a funny cucumber that had not been correctly pollinated; it was very small and thin.</p></div>
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  <div class="a"><p align="justify">Bee diseases were our next topic. He commented how Foulbrood presence</p></div></div><br>
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<p align="justify">isn’t that strong in Mexico, however, in Europe and in the USA, this is not the case. Mr. Ramírez took advantage and included implications of other frequent bee diseases like Nosema and Varroa in the conversation. He mentioned a very important point that we had previously started to notice: Most of the serious problems in bees caused by viruses or bacteria, are not correctly detected or even known. As Mr. Rodríguez had previously commented, Mr. Ramírez mentioned how different extracts of plants are used against diseases in bees, in this case, mint and grapefruit were the examples. On another hand it was mentioned how antibiotics are not an option at all for treatment, since the European Union does not accept them, neither does accept the presence of transgenics in the honey; there are rigorous studies exercised and if there is something wrong the EU may return an entire shipment of honey back to the remitter. We discussed the issue of innocuity of honey by highlighting that when there is a new product added to the hive, it should not generate any residue at all or change the expected properties from the consumer.</p><br>
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<p align="justify">agriculture, and agricultural products represent about 4% of the gross domestic product (GDP). The fruit sector is very important and includes crops such as grapes, melons, apples, and peaches.<sup>1</sup></p><br>
<div class="a"><p align="justify">After talking about our project, a question arose in Mr. Ramírez, an issue that would be asked many times since that day and that we would do everything possible to solve and validate: Our product would actually pass from the food that the nurse bee ingest all through its system until reaching the larva by means of the royal jelly? And regarding the method of application, (initially consisting in applying the final product in the bee bread), Mr. Ramírez explained to us how this bee bread is created, and the fermentation process it goes through in the bee cell.</p></div><br>
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  <div class="a"><p align="justify">After UChile team sent us the beekeeper’s contact we were able to get in touch with him and schedule a video-call. During the meeting, that lasted approximately 35 minutes, we were able to discuss the presence of bee diseases in Chile, its implications and some activities of Chilean agencies in charge of supporting the development of agriculture, forests, and livestock.</p></div><br>
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  <div class="a"><p align="justify">Foulbrood occur in Chile as foci of infection, &nbsp;once &nbsp;an &nbsp;infection&nbsp; is&nbsp; detected, &nbsp;which &nbsp;most &nbsp;likely &nbsp;originated from</p></div></div>
 
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   <div class="a"><p align="justify">We also had the great opportunity of listening to some of the concerns Mr. Ramírez has as a beekeeper: He thinks the beekeeping area could be greatly impulsed by receiving more support from governmental institutions and he perceives that the validation of honey innocuousness here in Mexico results complicated as there are not enough tools to endorse the required diagnostics. On another hand, he mentioned how there are no young people able to continue with the job of the current farmers, and this is an alarming situation that requires a prompt resolution.</p></div></div>
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<p align="justify">contaminated equipment, the SAG (Agricultural and Livestock Service) proceeds to burn and then bury the infected hives; the decision of burning the beehives is quite drastic but it is the only effective way to take care of the rest of the Chilean apiculture. The last outbreak of foulbrood the beekeeper noticed about, was in last February; normally the infection comes from Argentina, which is where the disease most often occurs. In Chile, they mostly struggle with varroa and nosema and for purposes of the SAG and exportations, the varroa mite is treated with organic products, that result inefficient and expensive. Antibiotics are also used against Varroa, getting back to the resistance problem. Regarding this topic, the beekeeper wondered if our product would help against varroa, and we could tell him how one of the most important consequences of varroa is that the immune system is weakened; providing the bee with new immunity components (AMP’s) will greatly help it, so the answer is yes! Our product can help bees get fortified when they are suffering from varroa.</p><br>
<div class="a"><p align="justify">Mr. Ramírez gave us a lot of priceless information that was essential for the development of our whole project. He was the first to comment us about the beekeeping congress that would take place in the city of Delicias in the coming months, and which we would have the great  privilege to attend, he told us that by means of the different sites where he frequently researches information he had noticed another iGEM team that was working with bees, for the month of September we could establish a collaboration with this team (<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Tec-Chihuahua/Collaborations">consult collaborations for more information</a>) and on this same point of the media, Mr. Ramírez explained to us how he always tried to receive literature to focus and inform himself, he mentioned the magazine “Bee Culture”, where we successfully managed to make a publication about our project and synthetic biology regarding beekeeping (a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Tec-Chihuahua/Public_Engagement">consult public engagement for more information</a>).</p></div><br>
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<div class="a"><p align="justify">The beekeeper also shared with us the main routes through which the disease is transmitted from Argentina to Chile, how the bee's life duration varies depending on the production stage and also shared with us details about SAC normative.</p></div><br>
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<div class="a"><p align="justify">Regarding the discussed topic on how bee’s longevity varies depending on different production stages, we explained the beekeeper another approach of our project: When the bee uses less energy in the production of antimicrobial peptides it is possible that its longevity increases.<sup>2</sup></p></div><br>
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<div class="a"><p align="justify">Bryan Saavedra did not know about synthetic biology and we gave him an approach to this area and how it had so many reaches, one of them being beekeeping. While explaining our project we absent-mindedly use a somewhat technical word that is usually complicated for the community in general. A peptide. The beekeeper, as in other times of the conversation, didn't hesitate to ask us and he attentively listened to us while we explained to him what we were referring to; he was always intrigued by our project.</p></div><br>
  <div class="a"><p align="justify">He also shared with us the contacts of highly recommended specialists with whom we could consult about our product and with which we would have contact later: Juan Diego Pérez de la Rosa, Efraín Rocha, Felipe Esquivel Díaz.</p></div><br>
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  <div class="a"><p align="justify">We were able to share a new perspective on beekeeping in relation to synthetic biology with Mr. Ramírez by explaining him our project, the beekeeper mentioned how he was more than willing to help us, and he even shared some honey and bee bread with us! This meeting was an invaluable experience for us!</p></div></div>
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  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/03/T--Tec-Chihuahua--8.png"><br><p align="center">Bee Bread</p></div>
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<h4 align="justify">References</h4>
 
<h4 align="justify">References</h4>
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
   <li>Image retrieved from: <i>Administración</i>. (2018). ¡Conócenos! http://municipiodelicias.com/</li><br>
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  <li><i>Economía de Chile: agricultura y pesca de Chile</i>. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/economia_chile.html</li>
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  <li>Turcatto, A. P., Lourenço, A. P., & De Jong, D. (2017). <i>Propolis consumption ramps up the immune response in honey bees infected with bacteria</i>. Apidologie, 49(3), 287–296. doi:10.1007/s13592-017-0553-z</li>
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   <li>Image retrieved from: <i>Melipilla Chile: Ubicación, mapa y todo lo que desconoce</i>. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://conociendochile.com/c-region-metropolitana-de-santiago/melipilla-chile/</li><br>
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Revision as of 16:48, 14 October 2018

Erwinions
















September 22nd
Videocall with Bryan Saavedra


Keeping on with our international validation on the presence of foulbrood, its implications, and our project insights, we were able to contact a Chilean beekeeper thanks to our colleagues from UChile (LINK collaborations). Bryan Saavedra dedicates to honey production, pollination, and queen bee breeding and exportation. He has dedicated more than a decade of his life to beekeeping and he counts with more than 1000 beehives.


“Approximately 13% of  the  Chilean  working  population  is  engaged  in

agriculture, and agricultural products represent about 4% of the gross domestic product (GDP). The fruit sector is very important and includes crops such as grapes, melons, apples, and peaches.1


After UChile team sent us the beekeeper’s contact we were able to get in touch with him and schedule a video-call. During the meeting, that lasted approximately 35 minutes, we were able to discuss the presence of bee diseases in Chile, its implications and some activities of Chilean agencies in charge of supporting the development of agriculture, forests, and livestock.


Foulbrood occur in Chile as foci of infection,  once  an  infection  is  detected,  which  most  likely  originated from

contaminated equipment, the SAG (Agricultural and Livestock Service) proceeds to burn and then bury the infected hives; the decision of burning the beehives is quite drastic but it is the only effective way to take care of the rest of the Chilean apiculture. The last outbreak of foulbrood the beekeeper noticed about, was in last February; normally the infection comes from Argentina, which is where the disease most often occurs. In Chile, they mostly struggle with varroa and nosema and for purposes of the SAG and exportations, the varroa mite is treated with organic products, that result inefficient and expensive. Antibiotics are also used against Varroa, getting back to the resistance problem. Regarding this topic, the beekeeper wondered if our product would help against varroa, and we could tell him how one of the most important consequences of varroa is that the immune system is weakened; providing the bee with new immunity components (AMP’s) will greatly help it, so the answer is yes! Our product can help bees get fortified when they are suffering from varroa.


The beekeeper also shared with us the main routes through which the disease is transmitted from Argentina to Chile, how the bee's life duration varies depending on the production stage and also shared with us details about SAC normative.


Regarding the discussed topic on how bee’s longevity varies depending on different production stages, we explained the beekeeper another approach of our project: When the bee uses less energy in the production of antimicrobial peptides it is possible that its longevity increases.2


Bryan Saavedra did not know about synthetic biology and we gave him an approach to this area and how it had so many reaches, one of them being beekeeping. While explaining our project we absent-mindedly use a somewhat technical word that is usually complicated for the community in general. A peptide. The beekeeper, as in other times of the conversation, didn't hesitate to ask us and he attentively listened to us while we explained to him what we were referring to; he was always intrigued by our project.


References

  1. Economía de Chile: agricultura y pesca de Chile. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/economia_chile.html
  2. Turcatto, A. P., Lourenço, A. P., & De Jong, D. (2017). Propolis consumption ramps up the immune response in honey bees infected with bacteria. Apidologie, 49(3), 287–296. doi:10.1007/s13592-017-0553-z
  3. Image retrieved from: Melipilla Chile: Ubicación, mapa y todo lo que desconoce. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://conociendochile.com/c-region-metropolitana-de-santiago/melipilla-chile/