Naringenin pathway modelling influenced design

Results of the naringenin pathway modelling demonstrated that weaker expression of the first two genes and 10-fold stronger expression of the last two genes would reduce the build-up of malonyl CoA and optimise naringenin synthesis. As a result of this, two synthetic promoters (BG28 and BG51) (Figure 7) were selected and an additional E. coli his operon terminator that was placed after the first two genes (Figure 6). These changes to the operon design could allow enhanced naringenin production in future experiments. More information about the pathway can be found here.

Backbone amplification

The pSB1C3 backbone was amplified, purified and quantified in preparation for Gibson assembly of the naringenin operon. Amplification was performed by PCR using Q5 ® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase and primers pSB1C3F and pSB1C3R. The resultant PCR product was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and showed a band at 2kb that corresponded to the size of the plasmid. The backbone was then purified using Qiagen QIAquick PCR Purification Kit. The DNA concentration was quantified using a Qubit fluorometer and was determined to be 3.58 µg/ml. As this concentration was far too low for Gibson assembly the backbone was amplified and purified again using the same techniques resulting in a brighter band at 2kb than before (Figure 9) and a stock concentration of 26.2 µg/ml.

Gibson Assemblies

A positive control of the Gibson assembly was conducted. The NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly Cloning Kit was used. A positive control reagent supplied with the kit contained two overlapping dsDNA fragments and the pUC19 plasmid. The positive control was conducted to check the assembly mix was working, the protocols for transformation were correct and that the cells prepared previously were competent.

The results of the positive control showed that the E. coli DH5α cells had successfully been made competent as they were able to take up the three-part assembly of the two overlapping fragments and the pUC19 backbone (Figure 10). Furthermore the reagents and protocols used in the Gibson assemblies were shown to have worked proving their viability for use in future experiments. No colonies grew on the negative control plates (Figure 10), verifying that E. coli DH5α cells are not ordinarily resistant to amplicillin and that no contamination had occurred.

Figure 10: LB ampicillin positive control plate containing colonies from transformed cells and negative control plates with un-transformed DH5α cells.

Initial Gibson Assemblies of the naringenin operon

All Gibson assemblies were carried out using the 4 gBlocks, the pSB1C3 backbone and the competent cells induced on the 10/8/18. Gibson assemblies were conducted using the NEBuilder HiFi Assembly mix. For the assembly of 4 – 6 fragments the total concentration of DNA for the reaction had to be between 0.2 – 0.5 pmol with equimolar concentrations between all the inserts and the vector (0.05 pmol each) (Table 2). This reaction was incubated for 60 minutes at 50°C. The DH5α cells were then heat-shock transformed with the Gibson assembly product. The cells were spread onto LB plates containing chloramphenicol. Negative control plates containing un- transformed DH5α cells with no DNA were produced, to verify that DH5α cells do not have chloramphenicol resistance and that no contamination of plates occurred.