Revision as of 21:13, 17 October 2018

Overview

As a team we realize the importance of education when it comes to shaping and sharing the future of synthetic biology. Therefore, we incorporated education and public outreach throughout our project to mutually learn and open up the discussion about developments that have the potential to inherently change our society. Our project, ADOPE, encompasses more than the design of a detection method for gene doping and stimulates people to actively be aware of the opportunities as well as the threats of synthetic biology as applied to gene technology and beyond. In the table below we give a brief overview of what we have done, how we did it and the achievements.

In the dropdown below you find a prompt overview of our aims and conclusions within Education and Puclic Outreach.

Goals	Methods	Conclusions
Designing an innovative method for future laboratory education to ensure thorough, cost-effective and especially safe lab practices.	VR laboratory	We have taken the first steps on actual implementation of the VR lab in education.
Promoting mutual learning and interaction with the public in synthetic biology.	EurAsian Bioethics Workshop Hackathon	We stimulated many iGEM teams to contemplate the bioethical aspects of their projects. We developed a hand-out explaining biology to computer scientists. In turn, engineers at the Cyber Security Week gave inspiring input.
Creating societal awareness on the potentials and threads of synthetic biology.	Train debates Museum Youth University	We engaged a highly diverse group of people in synthetic biology discussions during their travel in the train. We educated children on synthetic biology, it's potentials and threats.
Enhancing communication within the iGEM community.	Hotline	Teams from all over the world contacted us with questions.

Table 1. Overview of our Goals, Methods and Conclusions within Education and Public Outreach.

Education

Interactive Virtual Reality Laboratory

At the beginning of May, we started out with the innovative idea to create a Virtual Reality (VR) laboratory training environment. In this way, we want to innovate in education for highly interactive, less expensive and more encompassing laboratory preparation. The idea started with one of our team members who had relatively little laboratory experience because this is an expensive component for the education programs. We went into our own lab to measure everything, from the height of the benches to the dimensions of the pipet tips. In figure 1 you can see the result, our lab in real life and in virtual reality compared. We can make people experience our project with an app. Try it out yourself at our stand in the Exhibition Space during the Giant Jamboree. If you can’t wait, you can already take a look at our video shown below!

There are several more good reasons for VR development in laboratory education that prompted us to develop this, amongst which:

Diverse safety measure incorporation

To identify the usefulness of VR for safety training we had a talk with Erwin van Rijn, the safety coordinator at the Bionanoscience Department of the TU Delft. He recommended to focus on general lab training for beginning life science students. In this training we incorporated safety procedures, which can be extended in the future.

Less dangerous

Fellow students sometimes complained to us that during their first times in the lab they would not always exactly know what they were doing. Therefore, beginning students might experience difficulties with exactly determining the risks involved in every procedure that they carry out. Even though this is what we always try to overcome by good preparation, practicing in the lab is often different. Therefore, practicing in VR is a good opportunity better evaluate the risks involved in real life laboratory practices.

Costs

A talk with the program coordinator of Nanobiology at Delft University of Technology, Serge Donkers, revealed that laboratory education is highly expensive, partly due to the extra laboratory space and equipment that is required. Therefore, often this type of education is kept to a minimum to reduce costs. VR could change this to prepare young researchers better for the future that is awaiting them.

Less waste

Students learn laboratory skills by practice, which means many petri dishes, pipet points, but also chemicals are wasted. With VR, power is used, but much plastic as well as chemical and biological waste is saved.

Teachers can easily and on the spot observe their students’ progress

In VR, teachers can track individual progress and add personal challenges from a distance for optimal learning curves.

Students could practice at home, if they like

Students could have their lab at home in VR for their laboratory practice, given their computers have the right specifics.

Zooming in

Students could zoom in on their samples, giving them a better idea of what they are actually doing.

Delft University of Technology is currently thinking about opening a VR learning center, which we hopefully brought a little closer with this idea. We pitched our VR laboratory to all study program coordinators of our faculty and have collected great interest. Hopefully, in this way, we will soon have safer, less expensive and more encompassing laboratory training. We would like to thank Arno Freeken, Luuk Goossen and Arend-Jan Krooneman from the Department of Architecture at Delft University of Technology for aiding in the development of our VR laboratory.

Video 1. Our prescreen performed in our VR lab.

EurAsian Meetup Bioethics Workshop

Apart from developing a tool to teach students how to work in the laboratory as we did with our VR, we believe (young) scientists should also be taught about their ethical responsibilities that stretch beyond the laboratory. Therefore, we organized a workshop during the iGEM EurAsian Meetup with the topic: Bioethical dilemma’s across borders. The goal of this workshop was to increase the awareness of bioethics in the participants and to trigger reflection on the bioethical questions of their own projects.

We combined elements from the iGEMmers Guide to the Future (2017), advice given to us by Mr. Virgil Rerimassie, co-creator of this tool, and elements discussed by bioethicists Mr. Hui Kang and Britte Bouchaut, MSc. in their talks prior to the workshop. In mixed break-out groups, we discussed two topics with inherent ethical dilemmas that iGEM teams can face or have faced in the past: bioluminescence and gene drives. In the final round, the iGEM teams got together again and discussed how the same questions of the first two rounds could be applied to their own project. We received positive feedback from the teams, many naming this workshop as one of the most useful parts of the meetup. Opinions still differed greatly, as illustrated by the quotes below.

“ I believe science is all about having aggressive ideas and putting them into experiments. Bioethics should be considered, but it should not be the reason that we stop the development of a certain technology.”

Participant

“Bioethics is something equally important as the product you are going after. It is unethical not to consider bioethics. ”

Participant

Would you like to set up a similar workshop? Please see our contributions page for a hands-on-guide on setting up and moderating a bioethics workshop.

Hackaton

On October 5th, 2018, we organised a Hackathon during the Cyber Security Week. Here we challenged participants to try and beat our gene doping detection algorithm. The first goal of the Hackathon was to educated participants about synthetic biology and our project. The second goal to learn from the participants and the sequences they generated. In this way, we were able to make our algorithm more robust through the knowledge and sequences we gained while imparting some of our own knowledge on the participants. The Hackathon was a perfect of how learning can go both ways.

Figure 4. The handout we created to challenge and inform computer scientists on synthetic biology.

“How we can use bioinformatics to detect gene doping is truly fascinating. ”

Participant

Figure 5. An impression of our Hackathon where we challenged cyber security specialists to hack our method.

High School Bioethics Debates

We think that also outside of iGEM children need to be brought in contact with bioethics and their own responsibility, whether this is in the development of technology or the use. Since the use of gene editing techniques are more and more widely available, we decided to visit high schools to start bioethics debates on this topic. Would they want to make use of DIY gene editing techniques? And why should they or should they not? More on the set-up of the debates can be found in the drop down below.

We decided to have one main topic of debate: 'The goal of sports is to get the best out of people. Is science allowed to contribute to this in any way?' After dividing the class over several groups of interest, e.g. the Ministry of Health and Sports, Sport doctors, Athletes and Fans, they could discuss their opinions in the light of their interest group.

Subsequently, they had to come to a united conclusion with the aid of some text fragments selected by us to provide a broader focus. Below in figure 7, the template is displayed that the students used for recording their opinions.

Figure 7. The template on which students could add their arguments pro or con the statement “The goal of sports is to get the best out of people. Is science allowed to contribute to this in any way?”.

In setting up the lessons, we closely collaborated with Hannah Stammes from the education department of Delft University of Technology to have the most effective outcome of the debates. We followed the so-called 5E model. The five E's stand for Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate and Evaluate respectively. In the Engage phase of our visits we anticipated what we were going to do and made connections between the background knowledge of the students and the principles of gene doping and our detection device. Also, we evaluated the sports affinity of the class and made a link to sports events as the Tour de France that was upcoming.

After the Engage phase, the students could explore in their group discussion and source evaluation (Sources used by the students: fragments from “Topsport en gendoping: grenzen aan sport, opsporing en geloofwaardigheid” by Ivo van Hilvoorde and from “How Sports Would Be Better With Doping” from WIRED). We walked around to train them to explain their arguments.

Subsequently, during the explain phase there would be a discussion between all groups representing the different stakeholders. Often, this plenary debate would be vigorous, with students passionately defending their opinions against their classmates.

Then, we would answer their technical questions and we would evaluate the students knowledge in turn. Interestingly, some students independently came up with challenges we faced. An example is the insertion of small introns that could make exogenous EPO e.g. harder to detect. This gave a good idea of their high conceptual understanding as well.

Museum Youth University

We gave a lecture to primary school children on our project. In video 2, they give their comments before and after the lecture. How do they think one can cheat with DNA?

Video 2. Children reacting on our project before and after our lecture.

Athlete Education

As a response to our debate in Stirling as well as to the athlete interviews, we identified the need for athlete education when it comes to gene doping. Therefore, we contacted the responsible doping authority to discuss the implementation of gene doping education for athletes. The Dutch Doping Authority however indicated that they don’t want to address it as a separate topic, but see it integrated with the current education material. In Scotland in the mean time, prof. Dimeo and Dr. Henning are continuing the implementation of specific gene doping education.

Hotline

Who knows better the issues of an iGEM team as one of the iGEM teams? This motivated us to set up a low threshold platform to help iGEM teams from all over the world. Several teams contacted us via our special e-mail hotline.tudelft.igem@gmail.com

Public Outreach

Train Debates

With selective social media messages, people tend to be informed only about their immediate interests. It can be enlightning to talk to people and engage in an open debate, especially on a topic not many people from the general public know about: synthetic biology! On June 26^th we decided to get Biotechnology Day from Belgium to the Netherlands by engaging people in a debate on gene technology on trains!

“Gene technology is beautiful for medical purposes, but I oppose to its use for luxury purposes as sports.”

Train passenger

Our team split up in three teams that travelled throughout the country. For mutual learning and engagement it is important to have a public as diverse as possible, and where to find this better than on trains that travel throughout a whole country?

“Gene editing will only be available to the rich thereby widening the gap between rich and poor, which is a big concern to me.”

Train passenger

Not only did we inform and engage passengers, we also learnt from them about the general opinion on several aspects of our project through a survey. 75% indicated that there should be more public debates on developments in biotechnology in general to inform the public and reduce fear caused by ignorance. That was what we strived for with our outreach activities with which we on purpose tried to address the general public.

“With increasing manipulability we forget about the beauty of what is already there. We will diverge from our essential nature with consequences no one knows yet.”

Train passenger

Figure 8. Some illustrations of our successful traindebates.

One of our teammembers on a discussion in the train:

“We came to the essence of our project, the fact that gene doping might concern everyone in the near future, bringing along many (unforeseen) consequences.”

ADOPE team member

Gene Doping in Society Surveys

We handed out surveys both during the train debates and in the public transports and streets during our time in China. From the start we focussed on reducing any survey response effects, which are unintended psychological effects influencing the responses of the respondents. We found alarmingly high numbers of people interested to use gene doping for performance enhancement among the general public in both The Netherlands as well as in China. This reinforced our project, to promote responsible use of synthetic biology. The topic certainly caught public interest and one person even wanted to contemplate longer before sending us the survey over the mail as can be seen in figure 9.

We had the following hypotheses with results:

We expected a general fear of gene technology due to a lack of information supply on the topic to the general public both in The Netherlands as well as in China.

Most people are not afraid for gene technology in both countries and there seems to be only little difference between both countries. In The Netherlands only 11.2% is afraid of gene technology, which is 13.7% in the People’s Republic of China. In addition, more than 75% of the respondents in The Netherlands indicated they would like to be more informed about developments in biotechnology through e.g. debates.

We hypothesized that people would be hesitant to use gene doping because the phenomenon will sound new and thereby dangerous to many people at this point. Based on a paper by Connor et al. (2009) that did research on the tendency towards doping use in athletes, one would expect that less than 12 per cent of the respondents from the general public would take gene doping for performance enhancement.

For the Dutch population this prediction is still relatively close to the 16% that actually wants to use gene doping for purposes other than just medical. For the Chinese population this prediction is clearly wrong as there 55% is open to using gene doping for performance enhancement. Together, given the extra pressure that is generally put on athletes, these figures provide us with an alarming estimation for possible gene doping use among the athlete population. In China we asked an additional question though that shows 10% of the general public would even like to take gene doping for performance enhancement if this would shorten their life to only five more years. Compared to Goldman’s dilemma that was developed in the 1990’s and found that more than half of the athletes questioned would take a performance enhancing drug that would kill them in 5 years (Goldman et al., 1992), this figure is relatively low. Keeping in mind however that we are polling the general population, this might be a figure consistent with Goldman’s research at the time. Later research from 2009 by Connor et al. indicated approximately 6% of the athletes at a track in the USA would take a similar drug (Connor et al., 2009), which is in turn lower than we found among this general population.

We expected that people would generally not see gene doping as a problem, because they have most likely never heard of it before. Because gene doping is relatively unknown by the general public, we also expected people would think it will only become a problem in the future.

Both in China as well as in the Netherlands people think gene doping is not a real problem yet, although the percentages people estimate tend to result in relatively high numbers when applied to the athlete population. In the Rio Olympics of 2016 11544 athletes competed. If we apply the responses of the Dutch respondents to the Rio Olympics an absolute minimum of 760 athletes would have used gene doping on the 2016 Rio Olympics, compared to a minimum of 1075 athletes according to the Chinese respondents. On top of this, most respondents think gene doping will an even bigger problem in the (near) future. This might be a good indicator for the confidence athletes would put into these therapies.

We believed people are generally in favor of very strict doping control, since doping is a word we associate immediately with something that should be prohibited.

Indeed, the majority is in favour of strict doping control maintenance. In The Netherlands almost 90% wants to maintain very strict doping controls and in China 70% wants this.

We hypothesized that people generally don’t think gene doping could make sports fairer.

We thought people would naturally reject this and tried to challenge them in the debate before, comparing it to the natural unfairness inherent to gene distribution. In China 13% believes gene doping can make sports fairer. In The Netherlands 11.2% thinks the same, which is what we expected.

We thought that people think gene doping should also be accessible to athletes to avoid large discrepancies between athletes and the rest of society.

In The Netherlands however, 66.5% thinks gene doping in sports should then still stay prohibited. Thus, most likely our detection method will have a market for many years to come.

Firstly, we were aware of a threat for endorsement effects. Endorsement effects are effects of expected preference that influence the respondents. Of course we explain who we are and that we are developing a detection method for gene doping. Nevertheless, during the discussions we actively kept an open mind on the topic and challenged people to think out of the box, adopting a neutral position ourselves by challenging the future of our method. We would not elaborate on our personal opinions before handing out the survey. On top of this, we hoped to circumvent any reference effects by having fully anonymous surveys that did not ask for any classification that could be associated with answer preferences. Then there often is the problem of question order effects, which we addressed by rephrasing several questions at different points of the survey. In the athlete survey we on top of this evaded the word “doping” to circumvent any bias that is directly inherent to this word. Instead we used words as genetic alterations and gene editing, which generally have less strong negative feelings attached to them.

The trains and public transport locations were chosen to reduce nonresponses and to have a highly representative population. Subsequently, we started off our surveys with several clear hypotheses and had 181 respondents in the Netherlands and 126 respondents in China.

Project Movie

To make our project understandable for the general public, we made a short movie about iGEM, our team and our project.

Video 3. Project movie about iGEM, our team and our project.

National and International Publicity

When it comes to publicity, we started out small, reaching out to the media channels related to our University. Soon however, we were picked up by National and International news sites that stretched till the UK, Canada and beyond. One afternoon, we were googling our project and found that we even had been cited by media without our knowledge. This shows the extend to which our impact reached.

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Figure 11. A selection of the national and international articles we were published in.

Delta (Delft Newspaper):
When we just started in the lab, we reached out through the Deltato advertise our topic choice.

Delta (Delft Newspaper):
Just before the train debates, the Deltawrote an article about us to inform people of the event.

AD (National Newspaper):
After the successful train debates, the event was picked up by the national newspaper, the AD.

NOS Radio 1:
Our team managed to be broadcasted on the national radio. Listen to the audio here.

Canadian Running Magazine:
Around the time of our Stirling visit, we were highly commented on Twitter. We were even picked up by a Canadian Sports Magazinereporting on gene doping.

NBV:
Thanks to an effort by iGEM Rotterdam, we had an article published on the Dutch National Biotechnology Society (NBV) website together with the other dutch iGEM teams. Check it out here.

Chemical Sector Review C2W:
Together with the other Dutch iGEM teams, we had an article published on the website of C2W, a platform for professionals in chemical and life sciences. Read the article here.

Biotechnology community website:
Read the article here.

Sport Innovator:
Read the article here.

EUsynbios website:
Read the article here.

Eurofins:
Read the article here.

The Cyclist:
Nicola Busca, a journalist from London, came to Stirling to attend our expert discussion and wrote a marvelous article on gene doping and our project. Read the article here.

Outreach Events

We attended many events to inform the public on synthetic biology and our project!

In February we represented iGEM on the open day at Delft University of Technology.

We presented our project for the first time during the Kickoff of the Delft Bioengineering Institute. Here we met Clive Brown, Chief Technical Officer of Oxford Nanopore Technologies, who showed great interest in our fusion protein.

We believe iGEM doesn't stop after the competition. Not only do many teams continue their project, the iGEM experience creates intergenerational bonding. Therefore, we organized an intergenerational TU Delft iGEM BBQ for which we invited old team members since the beginning of TU Delft in iGEM.

During the first week for freshmen in Delft, there is a big event organized called the OWee. Here, we presented our project with beetroot juice. Beetroot juice has been speculated to improve physical performance, which we wanted students to test on our running track. In the meantime, we would of course tell them all about our project!

During the Bio-Fiction - Science, Art & Film Festival, we watched several short movies focused on the ethical issues surrounding new biotechnologies. This was followed with a discussion headed by four panelists: Alexander Armstrong from TU Delft iGEM, Oriana van der Sande, Tobie van Dalen, and Zoe Reddy. The focus of the discussion was the influence of art on how we view and understand new scientific and technological developments. Alexander provided his thoughts on the accuracy of the science presented in the movies to complement the other panelists thoughts on the artistic merits of the films.

Difference between revisions of "Team:TUDelft/HumanPractices/EducationandEngagement"

Revision as of 21:13, 17 October 2018

Overview

Education

Interactive Virtual Reality Laboratory

EurAsian Meetup Bioethics Workshop

Hackaton

High School Bioethics Debates

Museum Youth University

Athlete Education

Hotline

Public Outreach

Train Debates

Gene Doping in Society Surveys

Project Movie

National and International Publicity

Outreach Events

References

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-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Applied_Design">Applied Design</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<!-- EurAsian Meetup -->
-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/EurAsianMeetup">EurAsian Meetup</a></li>
-<!-- Safety -->
-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Safety">Safety</a></li>
-<!-- Sponsors -->
-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Sponsors">Sponsors</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
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-             <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/26/T--TUDelft--2018_HPintegrated.png" class="img-fluid img-top" alt="IntegratedHP">
+             <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d1/T--TUDelft--2018_HPEdandEng.png" class="img-fluid img-top" alt="Education and Engagement"></div>
-            </div>
              </div>
              </center>
-<div class="container-fluid">
+        <div class="spcmkr nowbg"></div>
-  <div class="row">
+        <div class="spcmkr hidden-xs hidden-sm nowbg"></div>
+        <div class="container-fluid">
+    <div class="row nowbg">
+<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-lg-3">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-lg-3">
        <nav id="myScrollspy" class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">
        <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked" data-spy="affix">
-               <li class="active"><a href="#overview" class="adpbl">Overview</a></li>
+               <li class="active"><a href="#overview-scroll" class="adpbl">Overview</a></li>
-              <li><a href="#approach" class="adpbl">Approach</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
-               <a class="dropdown-toggle adpbl" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">1. Anticipation<span class="caret"></span></a>
+               <a class="dropdown-toggle adpbl" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Education<span class="caret"></span></a>
                       <ul class="dropdown-menu">
-                      <li><a href="#relevanceofgenedoping" class="adpbl">1.1. Relevance</a></li>
+                      <li><a href="#VRLab-scroll" class="adpbl">Virtual Reality</a></li>
-                      <li><a href="#futurechallenges" class="adpbl">1.2 Future Challenges</a></li>
+                      <li><a href="#meetupbioethics-scroll" class="adpbl">Eurasian Meetup<br>Bioethics Workshop</a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#hackaton-scroll" class="adpbl">Hackathon </a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#schoolbioethicsdebates-scroll" class="adpbl">High School<br>Bioethics Debates </a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#museumyouthuniversity-scroll" class="adpbl">Museum Youth<br>University</a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#athleteeducation-scroll" class="adpbl">Athlete Education </a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#hotline-scroll" class="adpbl">Hotline</a></li>
                       </ul>
                </li>
                <li class="dropdown">
-               <a class="dropdown-toggle adpbl" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">2. Inclusion<span class="caret"></span></a>
+               <a class="dropdown-toggle adpbl" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Public Outreach<span class="caret"></span></a>
                       <ul class="dropdown-menu">
-                      <li><a href="#science" class="adpbl">2.1 Science</a></li>
+                      <li><a href="#traindebates-scroll" class="adpbl">Train Debates</a></li>
-                      <li><a href="#generalpublic" class="adpbl">2.2 General Public</a></li>
+                      <li><a href="#genedopingsocietysurveys-scroll" class="adpbl">Gene Technology Surveys</a></li>
-                      <li><a href="#sports" class="adpbl">2.3 Sports interactions</a></li>
+                      <li><a href="#projectmovie-scroll" class="adpbl">Project Movie</a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#publicity-scroll" class="adpbl">National and International<br>Publicity</a></li>
+                     <li><a href="#outreachevents-scroll" class="adpbl">Outreach Events</a></li>
                       </ul>
                </li>
-              <li class="dropdown">
+          </ul>
-              <a class="dropdown-toggle adpbl" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">3. Reflection and <br>Responsiveness<span class="caret"></span></a>
-                     <ul class="dropdown-menu">
-                     <li><a href="#VSD" class="adpbl">3.1 Value Sensitive Design</a></li>
-                     <li><a href="#influencers" class="adpbl">3.3 Influencers</a></li>
-                     </ul>
-              </li>
-      </ul>
      </nav>
     </div>
+</div>
- <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 nowbg" style="margin-right:20px;">
-            <div class="spcmkr" id="overview"></div>
+<div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 nowbg" style="margin-right:20px;">
+            <div id="overview-scroll"></div>
              <h1 class="adpbl">Overview</h1>
 <p>
-We want sport competitions to be fair and athletes to be protected against gene doping, the misuse of gene therapy in sports. People caught up in the rat race of doping development underestimate the implications of gene doping, that can stretch beyond sports into public health and social inequality. To get an overview of the <a href="#VSD" class="adpbl">design requirements</a> for gene doping detection, we organized a <a href="#stirling" class="adpbl">discussion</a> with experts, athletes and coaches at the University of Stirling. We implemented athletes’ wishes regarding invasivity, privacy and testing frequency into our detection method. Further <a href="#influencers" class="adpbl">interaction</a> with stakeholders such as the Dutch Doping Authority and Oxford Nanopore Technologies made us add a prescreen and a barcoding tool to our detection method for versatile, high throughput and reliable detection. As a final challenge, we invited engineers to <a href="#hackathon" class="adpbl">hack</a> our detection method, and used their collective strength to improve our algorithm and anticipate future gene doping developments.
+As a team we realize the importance of education when it comes to shaping and sharing the future of synthetic biology. Therefore, we incorporated education and public outreach throughout our project to mutually learn and open up the discussion about developments that have the potential to inherently change our society. Our project, <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Description"  class="adpbl" target="_blank">ADOPE</a>, encompasses more than the design of a detection method for gene doping and stimulates people to actively be aware of the opportunities as well as the threats of synthetic biology as applied to gene technology and beyond. In the table below we give a brief overview of what we have done, how we did it and the achievements.
 </p>
-<br>
+ <div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<figure>
-<div class="moniek">
+<center>
-    <a href="#moniekn"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/6e/T--TUDelft--IHP_Moniek_Circle.png" alt="Moniek" class="storyimage"></a>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/04/T--TUDelft--Education.png" width="100%" height="auto" alt="VR">
-  <div class="middle">
+</center>
-    <div class="text">Find out more about Moniek's story below.</div>
+</figure>
-  </div>
+   <div class="spcmkr"></div>
-</div>
+In the dropdown below you find a prompt overview of our aims and conclusions within Education and Puclic Outreach.<br><br>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="ConclusionsEdu-scroll">Conclusions</span></button>
-<div class="moniek">
+<div class="content"><br><br>
-    <a href="#hackathon"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/be/T--TUDelft--IHP_Hackaton_circle.png" alt="Hackathon" class="storyimage"></a>
-  <div class="middle">
-    <div class="text">Find out more about our Hackathon.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-<div class="moniek">
-    <a href="#asia" ><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/8c/T--TUDelft--IHP_wifey_in_Chaina.png" alt="China" class="storyimage"></a>
-  <div class="middle">
-    <div class="text">Find out more about our IHP work in China.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<div><p style="display:block;">In the dropdowns below you find a prompt overview of our goals, methods and conclusions and our approach respectively. </p></div>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Conclusions</button>
-<div class="content">
- <div class="spcmkr" id="conclusionstable"></div>
 <table>
   <tr class="tableheaderadpbl">
@@ Line 229: / Line 179: @@
    </tr>
 <tr class="tableunevenadpbl">
-     <td style="text-align:justify">Assessing the need for gene doping detection.</td>
+     <td style="text-align:justify">Designing an innovative method for future laboratory education to ensure thorough, cost-effective and especially safe lab practices.</td>
-     <td>
+     <td>VR laboratory</td>
-<ul class="uladpbl">
+    <td style="text-align:justify">We have taken the first steps on actual implementation of the VR lab in education.</td>
-<li>International Surveys (NL and China)</li>
-<li>Train Debates</li>
-<li>Stirling Expert Discussion</li>
-<li>Athlete Interviews<br>and Contact<br>Sports Organizations</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-   <td style="text-align:justify">
-<ul class="uladpbl">
-<li>Up to 55% of the respondents would like to use gene doping for performance enhancement.</li>
-<li>Many people engaged in a discussion on the relevance of our project.</li>
-<li>The health and social issues associated with gene doping are very substantial.</li>
-<li>Athletes want a fair chance. </li>
-</ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="tableevenadpbl">
-     <td style="text-align:justify">Integrating Stakeholder Feedback into our Design.</td>
+     <td style="text-align:justify">Promoting mutual learning and interaction with the public in synthetic biology.</td>
      <td>
 <ul class="uladpbl">
+<li>EurAsian Bioethics Workshop</li>
 <li>Hackathon</li>
-<li>Athlete and <br>Sports Institution <br>Interaction</li>
+ </ul>
-<li>Scientist Interactions</li>
+    </td>
+<td style="text-align:justify">
+<ul class="uladpbl">
+<li>We stimulated many iGEM teams to contemplate the bioethical aspects of their projects.</li>
+<li>We developed a hand-out explaining biology to computer scientists. In turn, engineers at the Cyber Security Week gave inspiring input. </li>
 </ul>
     </td>
-<td style="text-align:justify">
+</tr>
+<tr class="tableunevenadpbl">
+    <td style="text-align:justify">Creating societal awareness on the potentials and threads of synthetic biology.</td>
 <ul class="uladpbl">
-<li>No sequence submitted by the cyber security specialists went undetected.</li>
+    <td><li>Train debates</li>
-<li>We implemented a quick and cheap prescreening.</li>
+<li>Museum Youth University</li></td></ul>
-<li>We improved a barcoding tool to allow for multiplexing of samples.</li></td>
+    <td style="text-align:justify">
+<ul class="uladpbl">
+<li>We engaged a highly diverse group of people in synthetic biology discussions during their travel in the train.</li>
+<li>We educated children on synthetic biology, it's potentials and threats.</li></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="tableevenadpbl">
+    <td style="text-align:justify">Enhancing communication within the iGEM community.</td>
+    <td>Hotline</td>
+    <td style="text-align:justify">Teams from all over the world contacted us with questions.</td>
 </tr>
      </table>
-<figure>
+ <figure>
-  <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Table 1.</b> Overview of our Goals, Methods and Conclusions within Integrated Human Practices.</figcapture>
+  <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Table 1.</b> Overview of our Goals, Methods and Conclusions within Education and Public Outreach.</figcapture>
 </figure>
+<br><br>
 </div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Approach</button>
+<div class="spcmkr" id="Education"></div>
-<div class="content">
+             <h1 class="adpbl">Education</h1>
- <div class="spcmkr" id="approach"></div>
-<p>
-As a team we highly value responsible research. Therefore, we wanted to make sure our project is responsible from the start till the end and beyond. To ensure a highly responsible project, we made our project pass through the phases that constitute Responsible Research and Innovation according to <a href="References" class="adpbl"> Stilgoe <em>et al.</em> (2013)</a>, i.e. anticipation, inclusion, reflection, and responsiveness. <br>
-</p>
-<p style="text-indent:2em;">
-The dimension of <a href="#anticipation" class="adpbl">anticipation</a> focuses on researchers investigating what is known, what is possible and what is likely in the field. This includes scenario building, making an assessment of their plausibility through interaction with experts as well as the general public, and the stimulation of an open and multidisciplinary collaboration. This we did through surveys, train debates, and through visiting conferences to learn about developments in the field and to make connections.<br>
-</p>
-<p style="text-indent:2em;">
-    Subsequently, <a href="#inclusions" class="adpbl">inclusion</a> targets the process of open innovation and user-centered design. It focuses on transparency and collectively challenging regulations and standards. <a href="References" class="adpbl">Grove-White <em>et al.</em> (2000) </a>argue that the public conversation should stretch further to include the debate on future social worlds, while critically rethinking the ‘social constitutions’ inherent to the technological choices – that is, the ethical, political and social implications of the development. This we did during inclusion processes as the train debates and the expert discussion in Stirling.<br>
-</p>
-<p style="text-indent:2em;">
-    Throughout the project, the process of <a href="#reflection" class="adpbl">reflexivity</a> has continuously been going on. We are used to professional self-reflexivity during the complete product development process. Our team continuously challenged our detection and we even had an intra-team detection method hacking challenge. However, as was stated by <a href="References" class="adpbl">Wynne <em>et al.</em></a> in 1993, responsibility makes reflexivity into a public matter too. According to <a href="References" class="adpbl">Stilgoe <em>et al.</em> (2013)</a> reflexivity demands scientists to publically combine their scientific and moral responsibilities. This has been a prominent focus from the choice of our topic till our final design as can be seen from our interaction with the many <a href="#influencers" class="adpbl">stakeholders</a> involved and the <a href="#VSD" class="adpbl">design requirements</a> we derived from that.   <br>
-</p>
-<p style="text-indent:2em;">
-Lastly, we <a href="#reflection" class="adpbl">responded</a> to all stakeholder input by making a <a href="#VSD" class="adpbl">value sensitive design</a> by which we managed to answer all needs and preferences of our stakeholders to come to an optimal method.
-</p>
-</div>
+             <div class="spcmkr" id="VRLab-scroll"></div>
-             <div class="spcmkr" id="anticipation"></div>
+             <h2 class="adpbl">Interactive Virtual Reality Laboratory </h2>
-             <h1 class="adpbl">1. Anticipation</h1>
 <p>
-As a first stage in Responsible Research and Innovation we focussed on addressing the need for gene doping detection as well as on making an assessment of the challenges constituting gene doping with respect to the future.
+At the beginning of May, we started out with the innovative idea to create a Virtual Reality (VR) laboratory training environment. In this way, we want to innovate in education for highly interactive, less expensive and more encompassing laboratory preparation. The idea started with one of our team members who had relatively little laboratory experience because this is an expensive component for the education programs. We went into our own lab to measure everything, from the height of the benches to the dimensions of the pipet tips. In <b class="adpbl">figure 1</b> you can see the result, our lab in real life and in virtual reality compared. We can make people experience our project with an app. Try it out yourself at our stand in the Exhibition Space during the Giant Jamboree. If you can’t wait, you can already take a look at our video shown below!
-            <div id="relevanceofgenedoping"></div>
+</p>
-            <h2 class="adpbl">1.1 Relevance of Gene Doping Detection</h2>
-<p>
-Due to a lack of an implemented detection method it is hard to assess whether gene doping is currently happening. We can say now however that it is a more eminent threat than you might have expected. <br>
-<br>
-<center>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Gene doping is a real problem. As the science improves the usage will expand. Testing is going to have an impact, in lots of diverse ways. This group have expertise and are willing to engage in transparent, open debate. I think <a href="https://twitter.com/wada_ama?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@wada_ama</a> and many others should talk to them. <a href="https://t.co/zrO6GQFSVz">https://t.co/zrO6GQFSVz</a></p>&mdash; Paul Dimeo (@pauldimeo2) <a href="https://twitter.com/pauldimeo2/status/1035230527484305408?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 30, 2018</a></blockquote>
-</center><br><br>
-In the timeline in <b class="adpbl">figure 1</b> some of the most prominent events in gene doping development are sorted in time and as it appears gene doping might already be happening. <br><br><br>
 <figure>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/00/T--TUDelft--2018_Timeline.png" width="100%" height="auto" alt="Timeline">
+<center>
-    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 1.</b> Timeline of gene doping use and development in society.</figcapture>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/b9/T--TUDelft--VR1.png" width="49%" height="auto" alt="VR lab versus real life lab">
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/70/T--TUDelft--VR2.png" width="49%" height="auto" alt="VR lab versus real life lab">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 1.</b> Left: our lab, right: our VR lab </figcapture>
 </figure>
-<div class="spcmkr nowbg"></div>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Timeline</button>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="VRadvantages-scroll"></span>Advantages of our Virtual Reality Laboratory</button>
 <div class="content">
-<h5 class="adpbl">2003: Genedoping</h5>
 <p>
-The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) puts gene doping on the list of prohibited substances.
+There are several more good reasons for VR development in laboratory education that prompted us to develop this, amongst which:
 </p>
+<ul class="uladpbl">
-<h5 class="adpbl">2004: Marathon mice</h5>
+<li class="adpbl">Diverse safety measure incorporation</li>
-    <p>Geneticists at Howard Highes Medical Institute engineered so-called marathon mice that could run twice as far as normal mice by changing only a single gene, PPARdelta. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Wang <em>et al.</em> 2004</a>)
+<p>
+To identify the usefulness of VR for safety training we had a talk with Erwin van Rijn, the safety coordinator at the Bionanoscience Department of the TU Delft. He recommended to focus on general lab training for beginning life science students. In this training we incorporated safety procedures, which can be extended in the future.
 </p>
+    <li class="adpbl">Less dangerous</li>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2006: German Coach (Thomas Springstein) Suspected of Genetic Doping.</h5>
+<p>
-    <p>Thomas Springstein was a one-time coach of the German Athletics Association (DLV). He was convicted partly based on e-mail conversations, which were aquired by the police during a raid on his home. These e-mails brought up references to Repoxygen, a banned substance meant to be used in gene therapy to treat patients with anemia. Repoxygen helps to induce a controlled release of erythropoietin (EPO), a substance that stimulates the production of red blood cells, thereby increasing the amount of oxygen the blood can deliver to the muscles. It was under preclinical development by Oxford Biomedica as a possible treatment for anaemia but was abandoned in 2003. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Michael Reinsch, 28 January 2006</a>).
+Fellow students sometimes complained to us that during their first times in the lab they would not always exactly know what they were doing. Therefore, beginning students might experience difficulties with exactly determining the risks involved in every procedure that they carry out. Even though this is what we always try to overcome by good preparation, practicing in the lab is often different. Therefore, practicing in VR is a good opportunity better evaluate the risks involved in real life laboratory practices.
 </p>
+<li class="adpbl">Costs </li>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2008: Chinese Doctor Offers Gene Doping to Athletes</h5>
-    <p>A German television report was brought out on the availability of gene doping in China shortly before the Beijing Olympics. In this documentary produced by ARD television, a Chinese doctor offers stem cell therapy to a reporter posing as an American swimming coach in return for $24,000, according to a translation provided by the ARD television. The documentary broadcast does not offer evidence that the hospital has provided gene doping to other athletes, but it does provide a shocking insight into the doping development scene. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">NBC News 2008</a>)</p>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2010: Gene Doping Detection: Evaluation of Approach for Direct Detection of Gene Transfer using Erythropoietin as a Model System</h5>
-    <p>In two mouse studies, blood was positive for a plasmid in some animals for 1–2 days and up to 1 or 4 weeks after intramuscular or intravenous administration. The sensitivity of PCR methods used in these studies was 100 or 1000 vector copies per mg of gDNA. In another study with mice injected rAAV intramuscularly, 12 whole blood samples from a high-dose group tested positive foxr viral DNA until day 28, but viral DNA in plasma was cleared within 3–4 days. The sensitivity of the method for vector detection in this study is comparable to that for the assays developed here. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Baoutina <em>et al.</em> 2010</a>) </p>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2016: Officials Fear Some Olympic Athletes Might Be Altering Their Genes To Cheat In Rio </h5>
-    <p>Sarah Everts reported for Chemical and Engineering News that officials planned to test 2016 Rio athletes' tissue samples for markers of gene doping. The most likely subject of a genetic hack appears to be the gene that codes for EPO. Therefore, this gene became what the officials planned to test for. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Letzter <em>et al.</em> 2016</a>) </p>
-<h6 class="adpbl">Athletes at Rio Olympics Face Advanced Antidoping Technology</h6>
-    <p>According to the International Olympic Committee’s medical and scientific director, Richard Budgett, samples collected in Rio will be tested for gene doping at some point after the games, even though the test hasn’t been run during the Olympics itself. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Everts, 2016</a>) </p>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2017: Doping Control Analysis at the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games</h5>
-    <p>The EPO gene is mostly expressed in renal cells, from where the EPO protein is secreted into the bloodstream. The identification of any concentration of EPO DNA sequences  in blood however, are considered a positive result for gene doping within current detection methods. Considering the growing concern over gene doping, as well as the EPO availability of new molecular biology tools, the Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD) implemented, improved, and validated 2 amplification assays for EPO cDNA using the real-time PCR instrument QuantStudio12K (Thermo Fisher, São Paulo, Brazil). All work was performed with WADA-certified reference material for EPO gene doping within a range of 1 to 4000 copies of reference material spikes and EPO gene-doping-positive samples. However, in view of the absence of interlaboratory tests among the laboratories accredited by WADA, the analysis was not performed on the Olympic samples; it was only performed on samples selected exclusively for research. (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Pereira, <em>et al.</em> 2017</a>) </p>
-<h5 class="adpbl">2018: ADOPE</h5>
 <p>
-Our enthusiastic team set out to tackle gene doping to promote responsible use of synthetic biology. Read more about our project <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Description" class="adpbl" target="_blank">here</a>.
+A talk with the program coordinator of Nanobiology at Delft University of Technology, Serge Donkers, revealed that laboratory education is highly expensive, partly due to the extra laboratory space and equipment that is required. Therefore, often this type of education is kept to a minimum to reduce costs. VR could change this to prepare young researchers better for the future that is awaiting them.
 </p>
-</div>
+<li class="adpbl">Less waste</li>
-<div class="spcmkr nowbg"></div>
 <p>
-    We assessed the topic further through <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Public_Engagement" class="adpbl" target="_blank">train debates and public surveys</a> complemented by <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Human_Practices#sports" class="adpbl">athlete interviews</a> and contact with <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Human_Practices#influencers" class="adpbl">the Dutch Doping Authority</a> as well <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Human_Practices#sports" class="adpbl">as sports organizations as NOC*NSF, the Dutch National Sports Organization, and a sports psychologist</a>. We found that up to 55% of the general public would like to use gene doping for performance enhancement without necessarily ascertaining its safety. These high figures amongst the general public together with the enormous pressure that is put on athletes give an indication of the need for detection.
+Students learn laboratory skills by practice, which means many petri dishes, pipet points, but also chemicals are wasted. With VR, power is used, but much plastic as well as chemical and biological waste is saved.
 </p>
+<li class="adpbl">Teachers can easily and on the spot observe their students’ progress</li>
+<p>
+In VR, teachers can track individual progress and add personal challenges from a distance for optimal learning curves.
+</p>
+<li class="adpbl">Students could practice at home, if they like</li>
+<p>
+Students could have their lab at home in VR for their laboratory practice, given their computers have the right specifics.
+</p>
+<li class="adpbl">Zooming in</li>
+<p>
+Students could zoom in on their samples, giving them a better idea of what they are actually doing.
+</p>
+</ul>
+</div>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>Given the huge amounts of money going on in doping development, gene doping will already be happening for sure!<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<p class="opinions">Sports Coach Stirling</p>
-    </div>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/10/T--TUDelft--StatNL.png" width="49%" height="auto" alt="Survey">
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/6e/T--TUDelft--StatChina.png" width="49%" height="auto" alt="Survey">
+<figure>
-     <p class="figadpbl"><b>Figure 2.</b> Statistics on the willingness of the general public to use gene doping for performance enhancement in The Netherlands and The People’s Republic of China based on 181 and 126 respondents respectively. More on the surveys in The Netherlands and China can be found on the <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Public_Engagement#genedopingsocietysurveys-scroll"class="adpbl">Education and Public Outreach Page</a>.</p>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/02/T--TUDelft--PitchVR1.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="VR lab versus real life lab">
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/83/T--TUDelft--PitchVR2.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="VR lab versus real life lab">
-            <div id="futurechallenges"></div>
+</center>
-            <h2 class="adpbl">1.2 Future Gene Doping Challenges</h2>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 2.</b> Pitching our VR lab to the study program coordinators at TU Delft. </figcapture>
+</figure>
+<br>
 <p>
-After we evaluated the relevance of gene doping detection, we focussed on the challenges of gene doping in the broadest context. We grouped the challenges involved in gene doping in the following categories: health (both private and public, global and intergenerational), responsibility and social inequality. As became apparent during the expert discussion in Stirling, exactly these topics make gene doping different from conventional types of doping.
+Delft University of Technology is currently thinking about opening a VR learning center, which we hopefully brought a little closer with this idea. We pitched our VR laboratory to all study program coordinators of our faculty and have collected great interest. Hopefully, in this way, we will soon have safer, less expensive and more encompassing laboratory training. We would like to thank Arno Freeken, Luuk Goossen and Arend-Jan Krooneman from the Department of Architecture at Delft University of Technology for aiding in the development of our VR laboratory. <br>
-     </p>
 <br>
+</p>
 <center>
-  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2a/T--TUDelft--2018_IconsHP.png" width="auto" height="120px" alt="icon">
+<video poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ea/T--TUDelft--VRDell.png" width="75%" height="auto" controls>
+  <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/56/T--TUDelft--2018_VRfilm.mp4" type="video/mp4"  alt="VR video">
+  <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
+Your browser does not support the video tag.
+</video>
+    <figure>
+    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Video 1.</b> Our prescreen performed in our VR lab. </figcapture>
+    </figure>
 </center>
-<div id="Health"></div>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Health</button>
+   <div class="spcmkr" id="meetupbioethics-scroll"></div>
-<div class="content">
+            <h2 class="adpbl">EurAsian Meetup Bioethics Workshop</h2>
 <p>
-Gene doping may be harmful to the athlete, especially when it comes to unregulated and barely tested methods. Risks of using gene doping include mutagenesis, uncontrolled gene expression levels and thereby disrupted feedback systems. For EPO, the risks include strokes and myocardial infarctions too. Gene doping might also cause acute humoral and cellular immune responses that may even invoke death. On top of this, there may be many additional unforeseen (long term) consequences.
+Apart from developing a tool to teach students how to work in the laboratory as we did with our VR, we believe (young) scientists should also be taught about their ethical responsibilities that stretch beyond the laboratory. Therefore, we organized a workshop during the iGEM EurAsian Meetup with the topic: Bioethical dilemma’s across borders. The goal of this workshop was to increase the awareness of bioethics in the participants and to trigger reflection on the bioethical questions of their own projects.
 </p>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/c/c1/T--TUDelft--BioethicsChina1.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="BioethicsChina1">
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/ad/T--TUDelft--BioethicsChina2.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="BioethicsChina2">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 3.</b> Impressions of the bioethics debates at the EurAsian Meetup</figcapture>
+</figure>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>We can never say gene doping is safe. There may be many unforeseen consequences. <em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<p class="opinions">Steve Chinn, Health Scientist at the University of Stirling</p></div>
+<p>
+We combined elements from the <a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">iGEMmers Guide to the Future (2017)</a>, advice given to us by Mr. Virgil Rerimassie, co-creator of this tool, and elements discussed by bioethicists Mr. Hui Kang and Britte Bouchaut, MSc. in their talks prior to the workshop. In mixed break-out groups, we discussed two topics with inherent ethical dilemmas that iGEM teams can face or have faced in the past: bioluminescence and gene drives. In the final round, the iGEM teams got together again and discussed how the same questions of the first two rounds could be applied to their own project.
-<p>Apart from athlete health there are also public health risks inherent to gene doping use. There is a risk of viral spreading when unregulated therapies are brought to the market, which may pose a global and environmental threat. Also, unregulated implementation may lead to use of vectors that can infect athletes’ germ line, possibly causing harm to future generations. On top of this, the desire for performance enhancement is not only present within sports. Changing DNA for performance enhancement attracts public attention, and thereby might invoke public health hazards.</p>
+We received positive feedback from the teams, many naming this workshop as one of the most useful parts of the meetup. Opinions still differed greatly, as illustrated by the quotes below.
+</p>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em> I believe science is all about having aggressive ideas and putting them into experiments. Bioethics should be considered, but it should not be the reason that we stop the development of a certain technology.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<p class="opinions">Participant</p></div>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>It is a big risk to have a healthy part of the population on gene doping, of which the consequences are still unsure.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
-<p class="opinions">Dr. Colin Moran, Professor in Genetics and Sports Science at the University of Stirling</p></div>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>Bioethics is something equally important as the product you are going after. It is unethical not to consider bioethics. <em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<p class="opinions">Participant</p></div>
+<p>
+Would you like to set up a similar workshop? Please see our <a class="adpbl" href="#">contributions page</a> for a hands-on-guide on setting up and moderating a bioethics workshop.
-</div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Responsibility</button>
-<div class="content">
-<p>
-Gene doping use is, just as more conventional doping, a decision made by the athlete. As became apparent from athlete interviews and surveys, athletes are under a lot of pressure to perform well, both intrinsically as well as by external stimuli from family and coaches e.g. Furthermore, due to the possibility of germ line infections, the responsibility of gene doping might not lie completely with a second generation athlete. The responsibility issue was a topic first brought up by an attendee at our presentation at the Delft Health Initiative and a topic we then further addressed in Stirling.
 </p>
-</div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Social inequality</button>
+    <div class="spcmkr" id="hackaton-scroll"></div>
-<div class="content">
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Hackaton</h2>
 <p>
-Social inequality has been a topic of discussion within current doping. Some types of material doping are allowed since, according to Moniek Nijhuis, an Olympic swimmer who told us her story, they 'are accessible to every athlete and do not harm athlete health'. However, many doping treatments are extremely expensive and not available to every athlete worldwide. This would include gene doping. On top of that, gene doping might have a lasting effect and has the potential to interfere with many more characteristics than just genes that enhance performance. Therefore, financial status could provide the rich only with the possibility of becoming a ‘better’ person when it comes to genetic constitution.
+On October 5th, 2018, we organised a Hackathon during the Cyber Security Week. Here we challenged participants to try and beat our gene doping detection algorithm. The first goal of the Hackathon was to educated participants about synthetic biology and our project. The second goal to learn from the participants and the sequences they generated. In this way, we were able to make our algorithm more robust through the knowledge and sequences we gained while imparting some of our own knowledge on the participants. The Hackathon was a perfect of how learning can go both ways.
 </p>
-</div>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<figure>
-<p>
-We addressed the challenges described above with the creation of our detection method and discussed the topics in our expert discussion at the University of Stirling. Here we talked about why gene doping detection is so important and why it is extremely important to unite strengths. You can watch the movie on this discussion below.
-</p>
-<br>
 <center>
-<video poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f7/T--TUDelft--Dimeofilm.jpg" width="75%" height="auto" controls>
+<embed src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/ea/T--TUDelft--DNAhacking.pdf" width="500" height="375" type='application/pdf'>
-  <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/3a/T--TUDelft--2018_stirling_movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"  alt="stirling">
+</center>
-  <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 4.</b> The handout we created to challenge and inform computer scientists on synthetic biology. </figcapture>
-Your browser does not support the video tag.
-</video>
-<figure>
- <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Video 1.</b> Our expert discussion on the future of gene doping.</figcapture>
 </figure>
-</center>
+<br>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>How we can use bioinformatics to detect gene doping is truly fascinating. <em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<p class="opinions">Participant</p></div>
-            <div class="spcmkr" id="inclusions"></div>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-            <h1 class="adpbl">2. Inclusion</h1>
-<p>
-    In <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Human_Practices#anticipation" class="adpbl">Anticipation</a> we discovered the topic of gene doping in the broadest sense, both scientifically as well as ethically and socially. Subsequently, we took it further as a part of the inclusion process to involve as many people as possible for optimal design requirements for everyone. Here are some of the approaches we took in involving people from <a href="#science" class="adpbl">science</a>, from <a href="#sports" class="adpbl">sports</a> as well as <a href="#generalpublic" class="adpbl">the general public</a>.
-</p>
-            <div id="science"></div>
-            <h2 class="adpbl">2.1 Science</h2>
-<p>Here we elaborate on science related events that have largely influenced our project. At <a href="#reflection" class="adpbl">reflection and responsiveness</a> we elaborate on individual stakeholders that have changed our project.</p>
-            <div id="hackathon" class="spcmkr"></div>
-            <h4 class="adpbl">Hackathon</h4>
-<p>From our surveys we knew that 98% of the public feels strongly about maintaining strict doping controls. People feel that sports is only moderately fair and 75% is afraid of gene doping becoming a big problem in sports. These figures, and the strong collective spirit that was stressed in Stirling, prompted us to involve cyber security specialists in the fight against gene doping through the design of possible gene doping sequences.
-</p>
-<br>
-<p>
-On October 5th, 2018 we therefore organized a Hackathon at the Cyber Security Week in the Fokker Terminal in The Hague. The goal: engaging the public and especially computer scientists in developing their own gene doping sequences. We developed a software tool that learns from the ever growing database our participants helped create. In this way, we improve gene doping detection together, so that we are able to detect new approaches in gene doping and to be one step ahead of the doping developers. We think that together we are stronger, inspiring each other. Many computer scientists joined our event and provided us with useful input from a different perspective.
-</p>
-<br>
 <center>
 <img class="slide1 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e6/T--TUDelft--Hack1.png" style="max-width: 75%">
@@ Line 455: / Line 370: @@
 <img class="slide1 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d6/T--TUDelft--2018_HPHackaton.jpg" style="max-width: 75%">
 </center>
 <figure>
-<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 3.</b> An impression of our Hackathon where we challenged cyber security specialists to hack our method.</figcapture>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 5.</b> An impression of our Hackathon where we challenged cyber security specialists to hack our method.</figcapture>
 </figure>
-<div id="stirling" class="spcmkr"></div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Stirling Expert Discussion on the Future of Gene Doping</h4>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/aa/T--TUDelft--2018_dimeocircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote">
-<p>
-We met professor Dimeo, Associate Professor in Sport from Stirling University, at the VvBN conference in Utrecht on May 17. We stayed in touch and received great input from him on social aspects of doping as athlete privacy, behavior, regulation and education. This resulted in mutual interest in each other’s research activities upon which we were invited to give a seminar on our project for experts in the field of doping and genetics at the University of Stirling on August 30th 2018. After this seminar we organized a discussion on how gene doping is different from currently more conventional types of doping and on how to best react to these differences, through regulation and/or education. In the drop-down below the case studies we prepared for the discussion can be found.
-     </p>
-<center>
-<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Very interesting presentation. Really impressed about the openness of <a href="https://twitter.com/TUDelft_iGEM?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@TUDelft_iGEM</a> in presenting a model for testing <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/genedoping?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#genedoping</a>. Definitely a turning point to something new on this topic... <a href="https://twitter.com/wada_ama?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@wada_ama</a></p>&mdash; Nicola Busca (@Bogpolis) <a href="https://twitter.com/Bogpolis/status/1035404983510945792?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 31, 2018</a></blockquote></center>
-<figure>
-    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 4.</b> Twitter comments on our seminar and expert discussion in Stirling, showing the impact and some new questions that arose.</figcapture>
-</figure>
 <div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="casesfordiscussion-scroll"></span>Case 1: Intergenerational Responsibility</button>
+            <div class="spcmkr" id="schoolbioethicsdebates-scroll"></div>
-<div class="content">
+           <h2 class="adpbl">High School Bioethics Debates</h2>
 <p>
-Many vectors could be used for transfecting people with gene doping. Some of them might be able to (accidentally) infect peoples’ germ line cells, thereby affecting their offspring. And there is the concept of designer babies where parents can decide on their children’s characteristics? In some countries this is more under debate than in others.</p>
+We think that also outside of iGEM children need to be brought in contact with bioethics and their own responsibility, whether this is in the development of technology or the use. Since the use of gene editing techniques are more and more widely available, we decided to visit high schools to start bioethics debates on this topic. Would they want to make use of DIY gene editing techniques? And why should they or should they not? More on the set-up of the debates can be found in the drop down below.
-<br>
+</p>
-<p>Questions:</p>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-<ul class="uladpbl">
-<li>With whom resides the responsibility if this child becomes an athlete and how could we solve this problem?</li>
-<li>During illegal doping, vectors might also be released into the environment, affecting other organisms. How big would this problem be and how could we map and control it? </li>
-<li>How can we learn from other examples of intergenerational responsibility? </li>
-<li>How can we control gene doping throughout society in a world where bioethical views differ over cultures?</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7c/T--TUDelft--HSBioethics1.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="School students bioethics debates">
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a4/T--TUDelft--HSBioethics2.jpeg" width="49%" height="auto" alt="School students bioethics debates">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 6.</b> High School students engaging in our bioethics debate on gene doping. </figcapture>
+</figure>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="casesfordiscussion-scroll"></span>Case 2: Where do we take it?</button>
-<div class="content">
-<p>Suppose, at some point gene doping detection works about as well as the detection of the doping methods that are more conventional now. Gene therapy however, has come to be extremely safe. The border between medical and performance enhancing treatments is fading away and it has become extremely cheap and accessible to everyone. </p>
-<br>
-<p>Questions:</p>
-<ul class="uladpbl">
-<li>Do we still want to combat gene doping in this case?</li>
-<li>The objective of sports as was set out by Ancient Greek tradition was the creation of the perfect human. With a case like this, are we bypassing this objective or enabling it?</li>
-<li>Would human characteristics converge or rather diverge, making sports either totally uniform or extremely scattered over niches? </li>
-<li>Before this time, how would athlete behavior be in comparison with more conventional doping? </li>
-<li>How do and would athletes deal with undesired side effects?</li>
-<li>What do these findings imply for possible current measures?</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="timeline-scroll"></span>Outcomes and Implications</button>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="highschooldebates-scroll"></span>Educational Set-up High School Bioethics Debates</button>
 <div class="content">
 <p>
-During the discussion we identified a list of points that differ for gene doping compared to other kinds of doping. This list is given in <b class="adpbl">figure 5</b>. The overall conclusion is that more attention should be paid to educating athletes on the risks above just regulating. Many athletes are not educated well about gene doping in particular and would therefore easily trust coaches etc. at the sports facility to take something of which they themselves are not able to oversee the consequences.
+<br>
+We decided to have one main topic of debate: 'The goal of sports is to get the best out of people. Is science allowed to contribute to this in any way?' After dividing the class over several groups of interest, e.g. the Ministry of Health and Sports, Sport doctors, Athletes and Fans, they could discuss their opinions in the light of their interest group.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent:2em;">
+Subsequently, they had to come to a united conclusion with the aid of some text fragments selected by us to provide a broader focus. Below in <b class="adpbl">figure 7</b>, the template is displayed that the students used for recording their opinions.
 </p>
 <figure>
 <center>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f4/T--TUDelft--2018_HPTable.png" width="75%" height="auto" alt="Gene doping versus conventional doping"><br>
+<embed src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/b8/T--TUDelft--Werkblad.pdf" width="500" height="375" type='application/pdf'>
-    </center>
+</center>
-    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 5.</b> List of the differing factors between gene doping and more conventional doping.</figcapture>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 7.</b> The template on which students could add their arguments pro or con the statement “The goal of sports is to get the best out of people. Is science allowed to contribute to this in any way?”. </figcapture>
 </figure>
+<br>
 <p>
-Another topic addressed during the discussion was that we cannot easily say that gene doping could become ‘safe’ at some point. It is possible that it becomes apparent that we have been messing around with certain feedback loops which has broader health implications on longer terms after some years. We cannot know with some initial studies. It is this what makes that we should be keep prohibiting gene doping according to the majority of experts present at the discussion. On top of this, differences in accessibility, which you also already see in training facilities and equipment, were used as arguments against gene doping.<br>
+In setting up the lessons, we closely collaborated with Hannah Stammes from the education department of Delft University of Technology to have the most effective outcome of the debates. We followed the so-called 5E model. The five E's stand for <b class="adpbl">Engage</b>, <b class="adpbl">Explore</b>, <b class="adpbl">Explain</b>, <b class="adpbl">Elaborate</b> and <b class="adpbl">Evaluate</b> respectively. In the Engage phase of our visits we anticipated what we were going to do and made connections between the background knowledge of the students and the principles of gene doping and our detection device. Also, we evaluated the sports affinity of the class and made a link to sports events as the Tour de France that was upcoming.
-</p><br>
+</p>
-<center>
+<p style="text-indent:2em;">
-<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Great presentation and especially loved the debate and various perspectives on the question of gene doping.</p>&mdash; April Henning (@aprildhenning) <a href="https://twitter.com/aprildhenning/status/1035208030688890880?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 30, 2018</a></blockquote>
+After the Engage phase, the students could explore in their group discussion and source evaluation (Sources used by the students: fragments from <a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">“Topsport en gendoping: grenzen aan sport, opsporing en geloofwaardigheid” by Ivo van Hilvoorde</a> and from <a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">“How Sports Would Be Better With Doping” from WIRED</a>). We walked around to train them to explain their arguments.
-</center>
+</p>
 <p style="text-indent:2em;">
-Furthermore, it was brought up that there will always be differences between athletes, due to inherently different responses to gene therapies. Therefore, if everyone would be using gene doping, it is just like taking a step to somewhat higher performance, which will then level out again in time. So what would we achieve with doing it?<br>
+Subsequently, during the explain phase there would be a discussion between all groups representing the different stakeholders. Often, this plenary debate would be vigorous, with students passionately defending their opinions against their classmates.
 </p>
+<p style="text-indent:2em;">
+Then, we would answer their technical questions and we would evaluate the students knowledge in turn. Interestingly, some students independently came up with challenges we faced. An example is the insertion of small introns that could make exogenous EPO e.g. harder to detect. This gave a good idea of their high conceptual understanding as well.
+</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="spcmkr" id="museumyouthuniversity-scroll"></div>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Museum Youth University</h2>
+We gave a lecture to primary school children on our project. In <b class="adpbl">video 2</b>, they give their comments before and after the lecture. How do they think one can cheat with DNA?<br><br>
 <center>
-<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Thanks for the event, Delft team and Paul. A wonderfully complex tangle of ethical and pragmatic issues at stake. The debate showed a great meeting of science, systematic method and applied philosophy.</p>&mdash; Steve Chinn (@SteveChinnups) <a href="https://twitter.com/SteveChinnups/status/1035206988374917120?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 30, 2018</a></blockquote>
+<video poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/9f/T--TUDelft--Museum.png" width="75%" height="auto" controls>
+  <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/eb/T--TUDelft--YouthUni.mp4" type="video/mp4"  alt="VR video">
+  <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
+Your browser does not support the video tag.
+</video>
+    <figure>
+    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Video 2.</b> Children reacting on our project before and after our lecture.  </figcapture>
+    </figure>
 </center>
-<p style="text-indent:2em;">
+   <div class="spcmkr" id="athleteeducation-scroll"></div>
-As became apparent in the discussion, the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) is not very open about gene doping to athletes and scientists. However, according to the experts at the conference, openness and involvement of the community could help a lot with the development of detection methods. This reinforces the community strength approach we take with for example the hackathon.<br>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Athlete Education</h2>
+<p>
+As a response to our debate in Stirling as well as to the athlete interviews, we identified the need for athlete education when it comes to gene doping. Therefore, we contacted the responsible doping authority to discuss the implementation of gene doping education for athletes. The Dutch Doping Authority however indicated that they don’t want to address it as a separate topic, but see it integrated with the current education material. In Scotland in the mean time, prof. Dimeo and Dr. Henning are continuing the implementation of specific gene doping education.
 </p>
-</div>
-<div id="asia" class="spcmkr"></div>
+ <div class="spcmkr" id="hotline-scroll"></div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Engagement in Asia</h4>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Hotline</h2>
 <p>
-    The way people value sports is just as diverse as the people who love it, all around the globe. That is why it is important to weigh opinions not only in the Netherlands, but in the Peoples’ Republic of China as well. During our time there organizing the <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/EurAsianMeetup"class="adpbl" target="_blank">iGEM Eurasian Meetup</a>, we spoke with Dr. Li Wei at NIFTY prenatal screening, who works with cell free DNA as well. He confirmed our assumptions on the cfDNA levels in the blood and outlined several possibilities of detecting it, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of next generation sequencing with us. <br>
+Who knows better the issues of an iGEM team as one of the iGEM teams? This motivated us to set up a low threshold platform to help iGEM teams from all over the world. Several teams contacted us via our special e-mail <a class="adpbl">hotline.tudelft.igem@gmail.com</a>
-<br>
-In addition, we spoke with Mr. Cao Jun, CEO of Sports Genomics Inc., on the future of genetic enhancement in amateur sports. His department’s main focus lies with helping people choose a sport that fits them based on their genetic information. For them, the border lies with reading the genetic information and recommending a course of action based on this, not enhancing.<br><br>
-During our time in China we furthermore handed out surveys in the streets, buses and subways. This gave some very interesting results as is further described on our <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Public_Engagement#genedopingsocietysurveys-scroll"class="adpbl">Education and Public Outreach Page</a>.
 </p>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/52/T--TUDelft--Hotline.jpg" width="50%" height="auto" alt="Hotline troll"><br>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 10</b> Our hotline platform to answer iGEM and project related questions. </figcapture>
+</center>
+</figure>
+<div class="spcmkr" id="Publicoutreach-scroll"></div>
+            <h1 class="adpbl">Public Outreach</h1>
+            <div class="spcmkr" id="traindebates-scroll"></div>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Train Debates</h2>
-<div id="generalpublic"></div>
-<h2 class="adpbl">2.2 General Public</h2>
-<div id="traindebates"></div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Train Debates and the Public Opinion</h4>
 <p>
-On the June 26th, we extended the Belgian Biotechnology Day to The Netherlands. We wanted to open up the discussion on synthetic biology with a broad public. In order to find a diverse audience we organized train debates all over The Netherlands. The topic we chose was gene editing, which at the same time provided us with valuable information for our project. We spoke with people with radically different ideas and background. We even happened to talk to a professional soccer player who was, anonymously, quite open in admitting he would use gene doping if it was safe and undetectable.
+With selective social media messages, people tend to be informed only about their immediate interests. It can be enlightning to talk to people and engage in an open debate, especially on a topic not many people from the general public know about: synthetic biology! On June 26<sup>th</sup> we decided to get Biotechnology Day from Belgium to the Netherlands by engaging people in a debate on gene technology on trains!
 </p>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>If gene doping is safe and undetectable, then everyone would use it. So why not me?<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>Gene technology is beautiful for medical purposes, but I oppose to its use for luxury purposes as sports.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
-<p class="opinions">Anonymous Athlete</p></div>
+<p class="opinions">Train passenger</p></div>
+<p>
+Our team split up in three teams that travelled throughout the country. For mutual learning and engagement it is important to have a public as diverse as possible, and where to find this better than on trains that travel throughout a whole country?
+</p>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>Gene editing will only be available to the rich thereby widening the gap between rich and poor, which is a big concern to me.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<p class="opinions">Train passenger</p></div>
+<p>
+Not only did we inform and engage passengers, we also learnt from them about the general opinion on several aspects of our project through a survey. 75% indicated that there should be more public debates on developments in biotechnology in general to inform the public and reduce fear caused by ignorance. That was what we strived for with our outreach activities with which we on purpose tried to address the general public.
+</p>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>With increasing manipulability we forget about the beauty of what is already there. We will diverge from our essential nature with consequences no one knows yet.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<p class="opinions">Train passenger</p></div>
-<figure>
 <center>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e3/T--TUDelft--2018_HPNL.png" width="50%" height="auto" alt="Traindebates throughout the Netherlands">
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a7/T--TUDelft--traindebates1.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
-</center>
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/83/T--TUDelft--traindebates2.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
-<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 6.</b> The paths we travelled by train throughout The Netherlands to engage in discussions with people.</figcapture>
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/66/T--TUDelft--traindebates3.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/0d/T--TUDelft--traindebates4.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f5/T--TUDelft--traindebates5.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
+<img class="slide2 w3-animate-opacity" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/9e/T--TUDelft--traindebates6.jpg" style="max-width: 60%">
+<figure>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 8.</b> Some illustrations of our successful traindebates.</figcapture>
 </figure>
+</center>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
 <p>
-    More information on the scientific background of the set-up of our surveys and the results we achieved in both The Netherlands and China can be found on the <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Public_Engagement#traindebates-scroll"class="adpbl">Education and Engagement page</a>.
+One of our teammembers on a discussion in the train:
 </p>
-<div id="sports"></div>
+<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>We came to the essence of our project, the fact that gene doping might concern everyone in the near future, bringing along many (unforeseen) consequences.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
-<h2 class="adpbl">2.3 Athlete and Sport Institution Interaction</h2>
+<p class="opinions">ADOPE team member</p></div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Athletes</h4>
-<p>Apart from interaction with the general public and the diversity of experts present at the discussion in Stirling, we find it highly important to talk to athletes to see their perspective and take their experience and values into account.
-</p>
-<h5 class="adpbl">Cameron Brodie</h5>
+            <div class="spcmkr" id="genedopingsocietysurveys-scroll"></div>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Gene Doping in Society Surveys</h2>
 <p>
-Cameron Brodie is a former professional swimmer, Scottish Record Holder (6x), Britisch Champion (2015) and Commonwealth Games Medalist (2x), who performed at this top level next to his studies at the University of Stirling. He has only had experience with urine tests, the preferable testing method. However, he did say that blood tests would not be a huge problem, since as an athlete being in the competition is worth that.
+We handed out surveys both during the train debates and in the public transports and streets during our time in China. From the start we focussed on reducing any survey response effects, which are unintended psychological effects influencing the responses of the respondents. We found alarmingly high numbers of people interested to use gene doping for performance enhancement among the general public in both The Netherlands as well as in China. This reinforced our project, to promote responsible use of synthetic biology. The topic certainly caught public interest and one person even wanted to contemplate longer before sending us the survey over the mail as can be seen in <b class="adpbl">figure 9</b>.
-</p>
 <figure>
 <center>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/b6/T--TUDelft--2018_cameron-brodie.jpg" width="50%" height="auto" alt="Cameron Brodie">
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/ba/T--TUDelft--Post.png" width="75%" height="auto" alt="Letter with survey"><br>
 </center>
-<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 7.</b> The paths we travelled by train throughout The Netherlands to engage in discussions with people.</figcapture>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 9.</b> A survey sent to us by one of the people we met on the trains and who wanted to think further about the topic. We thank him and everyone else who contributed.</figcapture>
 </figure>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e4/T--TUDelft--2018_cameroncircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>If blood testing necessary that is just the way it is, the testing is just inherent to sports and as an athlete all you want is to be in the competition so you have to comply. <em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="surveyresults-scroll"></span>Survey hypothesis and results</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p>
+We had the following hypotheses with results:
+</p>
+<ul class="uladpbl">
+<li class="adpbl">We expected a general fear of gene technology due to a lack of information supply on the topic to the general public both in The Netherlands as well as in China. </li>
+<p>
+Most people are not afraid for gene technology in both countries and there seems to be only little difference between both countries. In The Netherlands only 11.2% is afraid of gene technology, which is 13.7% in the People’s Republic of China.
+In addition, more than 75% of the respondents in The Netherlands indicated they would like to be more informed about developments in biotechnology through e.g. debates.
+</p>
+<li class="adpbl">We hypothesized that people would be hesitant to use gene doping because the phenomenon will sound new and thereby dangerous to many people at this point. Based on a paper by <a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">Connor <em>et al.</em> (2009)</a> that did research on the tendency towards doping use in athletes, one would expect that less than 12 per cent of the respondents from the general public would take gene doping for performance enhancement. </li>
 <p>
-According to Brodie, the pressure to perform well is “really tough”. He can imagine young athletes being vulnerable to people approaching them with gene doping opportunities. It was only in lectures of his sport related University study program that he first learned about gene doping. He himself, would not like to use it though, because one cannot oversee the consequences.
+For the Dutch population this prediction is still relatively close to the 16% that actually wants to use gene doping for purposes other than just medical. For the Chinese population this prediction is clearly wrong as there 55% is open to using gene doping for performance enhancement. Together, given the extra pressure that is generally put on athletes, these figures provide us with an alarming estimation for possible gene doping use among the athlete population.
+In China we asked an additional question though that shows 10% of the general public would even like to take gene doping for performance enhancement if this would shorten their life to only five more years. Compared to Goldman’s dilemma that was developed in the 1990’s and found that more than half of the athletes questioned would take a performance enhancing drug that would kill them in 5 years (<a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">Goldman et al., 1992</a>), this figure is relatively low. Keeping in mind however that we are polling the general population, this might be a figure consistent with Goldman’s research at the time. Later research from 2009 by Connor et al. indicated approximately 6% of the athletes at a track in the USA would take a similar drug (<a class="adpbl" href="#References-scroll">Connor et al., 2009</a>), which is in turn lower than we found among this general population.
 </p>
-<div class="spcmkr" id="moniekn"></div>
+<li class="adpbl">We expected that people would generally not see gene doping as a problem, because they have most likely never heard of it before. Because gene doping is relatively unknown by the general public, we also expected people would think it will only become a problem in the future.</li>
-<h5 class="adpbl">Moniek Nijhuis</h5>
 <p>
-Being rewarded for your hard work is valuable for sporters. Moniek Nijhuis, finalist Olympic Games 2012 and medalist at multiple European and World Championships, told us her story about one of the bronze medals she won at the European Championships 2013. Two years later, this bronze medal turned out to be worth silver due to doping usage by one of her opponents. However, her moment of euphoria on the stage, which is the moment that sporters are striving for, will never return.
+Both in China as well as in the Netherlands people think gene doping is not a real problem yet, although the percentages people estimate tend to result in relatively high numbers when applied to the athlete population. In the Rio Olympics of 2016 11544 athletes competed. If we apply the responses of the Dutch respondents to the Rio Olympics an absolute minimum of 760 athletes would have used gene doping on the 2016 Rio Olympics, compared to a minimum of 1075 athletes according to the Chinese respondents. On top of this, most respondents think gene doping will an even bigger problem in the (near) future. This might be a good indicator for the confidence athletes would put into these therapies.
 </p>
-<!-- <center>
+<li class="adpbl">We believed people are generally in favor of very strict doping control, since doping is a word we associate immediately with something that should be prohibited.</li>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fc/T--TUDelft--2018_Zwemster-Moniek-Nijhuis.jpg" width="50%" height="auto" alt="Moniek Nijhuis">
+<p>
-</center>
+Indeed, the majority is in favour of strict doping control maintenance. In The Netherlands almost 90% wants to maintain very strict doping controls and in China 70% wants this.
+</p>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>I just wanted to know that what I achieved is purely due to my own power and efforts. That still makes me feel good and at peace.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<li class="adpbl">We hypothesized that people generally don’t think gene doping could make sports fairer. </li>
-</div> -->
+<p>
+We thought people would naturally reject this and tried to challenge them in the debate before, comparing it to the natural unfairness inherent to gene distribution. In China 13% believes gene doping can make sports fairer. In The Netherlands 11.2% thinks the same, which is what we expected.
+</p>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/5f/T--TUDelft--2018_moniekcircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>I just wanted to know that what I achieved is purely due to my own power and efforts. That still makes me feel good and at peace.<em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
-<p class="opinions">Moniek Nijhuis</p>
+<li class="adpbl">We thought that people think gene doping should also be accessible to athletes to avoid large discrepancies between athletes and the rest of society. </li>
+<p>
+In The Netherlands however, 66.5% thinks gene doping in sports should then still stay prohibited. Thus, most likely our detection method will have a market for many years to come.
+</p>
+</ul>
 </div>
+              <button class="collapsible cadpbl">Reducing survey response effects</button>
+              <div class="content">
+<p>
+Firstly, we were aware of a threat for endorsement effects. Endorsement effects are effects of expected preference that influence the respondents. Of course we explain who we are and that we are developing a detection method for gene doping. Nevertheless, during the discussions we actively kept an open mind on the topic and challenged people to think out of the box, adopting a neutral position ourselves by challenging the future of our method. We would not elaborate on our personal opinions before handing out the survey. On top of this, we hoped to circumvent any reference effects by having fully anonymous surveys that did not ask for any classification that could be associated with answer preferences. Then there often is the problem of question order effects, which we addressed by rephrasing several questions at different points of the survey. In the athlete survey we on top of this evaded the word “doping” to circumvent any bias that is directly inherent to this word. Instead we used words as genetic alterations and gene editing, which generally have less strong negative feelings attached to them. <br>
 <br>
+The trains and public transport locations were chosen to reduce nonresponses and to have a highly representative population. Subsequently, we started off our surveys with several clear hypotheses and had 181 respondents in the Netherlands and 126 respondents in China.
+</p>
+              </div>
-<p>Watch her view on doping use here.</p>
-<center>
+ <div class="spcmkr" id="projectmovie-scroll"></div>
-<video poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fc/T--TUDelft--2018_Zwemster-Moniek-Nijhuis.jpg" width="75%" height="auto" controls>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Project Movie</h2>
-   <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/b8/T--TUDelft--2018_Interview_Moniek.mp4" type="video/mp4"  alt="Interview Moniek Nijhuis">
+<p>
+To make our project understandable for the general public, we made a short movie about iGEM, our team and our project.
+</p>
+    <center>
+<video poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/30/T--TUDelft--2018_T--TUDelft-lab2.jpg" width="75%" height="auto" controls>
+   <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/c/c1/T--TUDelft--2018_projectmovie.mp4" type="video/mp4"  alt="Project movie">
    <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
 Your browser does not support the video tag.
 </video>
-<figure>
+    <figure>
- <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Video 2.</b> An interview with Moniek Nijhuis, professional swimmer.</figcapture>
+    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Video 3.</b> Project movie about iGEM, our team and our project. </figcapture>
-</figure>
+    </figure>
 </center>
+   <div class="spcmkr" id="publicity-scroll"></div>
-<h5 class="adpbl">Sports Organizations and Athlete Surveys</h5>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">National and International Publicity</h2>
 <p>
-We contacted several sports organizations including the Court of Arbitration for Sport and a sports psychologist, Jef Brouwers. Both were not aware of any cases of Gene Doping. Mr. Brouwers did indicate however that he is aware of athletes carefully selecting their partners to have children that hopefully will perform well in sport again.<br>
+When it comes to publicity, we started out small, reaching out to the media channels related to our University. Soon however, we were picked up by National and International news sites that stretched till the UK, Canada and beyond. One afternoon, we were googling our project and found that we even had been cited by media without our knowledge. This shows the extend to which our impact reached.
-<br>
-Apart from this we contacted the National Dutch sports organization, the NOC*NSF, to hear about their experiences with gene doping. However, as they pointed out, they are not very familiar with the concept and the idea of it actually happening. They wanted to help to find out about the prevalence of gene doping though and set the initial steps to send out our athlete survey to all Dutch top level athletes. What became apparent from the athlete surveys we had already send out is that athletes highly value quick detection with a result within a few days. Furthermore, athletes tend to not mind privacy invasive tests, since they see it as inherent to the desire to be in sports. To us nevertheless, athletes' comfort and well-being remain top priority at all times.
+            <div class="spcmkr"></div>
-</p>
-            <div class="spcmkr" id="reflection"></div>
+ <div class="containerslideshow">
-            <h1 class="adpbl">3. Reflection and Responsiveness</h1>
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">1 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7e/T--TUDelft--article1.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
-Apart from the science related events, we have talked to many individual stakeholders and integrated their feedback into our design, as can be seen from our <a href="#VSD" class="adpbl">Value Sensitive Design</a>.
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">2 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a7/T--TUDelft--article2.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
-       <div id="VSD" class="spcmkr"></div>
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
-       <h2 class="adpbl">3.1 Value Sensitive Design</h2>
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">3 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2e/T--TUDelft--article3.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">4 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/70/T--TUDelft--article4.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
-<p>
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
-Based on the interaction with all stakeholders we then created a Value Sensitive Design to improve our strengths and reduce our weaknesses to satisfy everyone’s needs and preferences. In <b class="adpbl">figure 8</b>, an overview is given of our values, how they are related to values we identified through interaction and the design requirements that we implemented based on this. Below you can read more about how the stakeholders have influenced us in every step of our project.
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">5 / 7</div>
-</p>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2a/T--TUDelft--article5.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+  <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">6 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/6e/T--TUDelft--article6.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
+    <div class="mySlidesslideshow">
+    <div class="numbertextslideshowadpbl">7 / 7</div>
+    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/39/T--TUDelft--article7.jpg" style="width:100%">
+  </div>
-<figure><center>
+  <a class="prevslideshowadpbl" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e9/T--TUDelft--2018_HPFlowchart.png" width="100%" height="auto" alt="VSD">
+  <a class="nextslideshowadpbl" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
-    <br><br>
-    </center></figure>
-     <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 8.</b> Value Sensitive Design flowing from the core values of ADOPE through stakeholder values to the implemented design requirements. </figcapture>
-<div class="spcmkr"></div>
-       <div id="influencers" class="spcmkr"></div>
+  <div class="captionslideshow-containeradpbl">
-       <h2 class="adpbl">3.2 Influencers</h2>
+    <p id="captionslideshowadpbl"></p>
-<p>
+  </div>
-There have been many people that have had impact on our project as can be seen in figure 9. Below we list the ones that have directly impacted the paths we walked in our project and how these stakeholders influenced us.
+  <div class="rowslideshow">
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7e/T--TUDelft--article1.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(1)" alt="Delta (Delft paper)">
+    </div>
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a7/T--TUDelft--article2.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(2)" alt="Delta (Delft paper)">
+    </div>
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2e/T--TUDelft--article3.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(3)" alt="AD (National Dutch Paper)">
+    </div>
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/70/T--TUDelft--article4.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(4)" alt="Dutch Biotechnology Society (NBV)">
+    </div>
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2a/T--TUDelft--article5.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(5)" alt="The Cyclist (1)">
+    </div>
+    <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/6e/T--TUDelft--article6.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(6)" alt="The Cyclist (2)">
+    </div>
+       <div class="columnslideshow">
+      <img class="demoslideshow cursorslideshow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/39/T--TUDelft--article7.jpg" style="width:100%" onclick="currentSlide(7)" alt="The Cyclist (3)">
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 11.</b> A selection of the national and international articles we were published in.</figcapture>
+<div class="spcmkr"></div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>iGEM Team Hunts for Gene Doping</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+Delta (Delft Newspaper):<br>
+When we just started in the lab, we reached out through the
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/igem-team-hunts-gene-doping" target="_blank">Delta</a>to advertise our topic choice.
 </p>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Today Train Debates on Gene Technology</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+Delta (Delft Newspaper): <br>
+Just before the train debates, the
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/vandaag-treindebat-over-gentechnologie" target="_blank">Delta</a>wrote an article about us to inform people of the event.
+</p>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Students Discuss on Gene Technology</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+AD (National Newspaper): <br>
+After the successful train debates, the event was picked up by the national newspaper, the
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.ad.nl/delft/studenten-discussieneuml-ren-over-gentechnologie~a71af55c/ " target="_blank">AD</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>ADOPE on the National Radio</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+NOS Radio 1: <br>
+Our team managed to be broadcasted on the national radio. Listen to the audio
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.facebook.com/TUDelft.iGEM2018/videos/2315304308485622/" target="_blank">here</a>.
+<br><br>
 <figure>
 <center>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/b7/T--TUDelft--2018_HPNetwork.png" width="75%" height="auto" alt="Network of stakeholders"><br></center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/58/T--TUDelft--NOSRadio1.jpg" width="75%" height="auto" alt="LifeScience">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 12.</b> An interview for the national Dutch radio with millions of listeners a week. </figcapture>
 </figure>
-    <figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 9.</b> Interaction figure of important stakeholder contact. </figcapture>
+<br><br>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Sample Preparation</h4>
-<p>
-The Dutch National blood bank, Sanquin, has been of great influence for the development of our sample preparation. Sanquin is specialized in blood analysis and has it's own research departments to keep improving and developing new methods for the analysis of blood. Sanquin is responsible for all donor blood in the Netherlands, but is for example also specialized in tests focusing on the fetal cell free DNA in a mother's blood. This knowledge about analysis of DNA extracted from blood was exactly what was needed to develop a secure and optimized sample preparation for our project, ADOPE.<br>
-<br>
-Two visits were made to Sanquin, one general introduction visit and one specialized visit where the specific DNA extraction method was taught to some of us. Aicha Ait Soussand and Ellen van der Schoot of the Experimental Immunohematology group of Sanquin helped us by explaining how they work with small fragments and DNA extraction and gave us access to their optimized extraction protocol used with the QIAmp DNA Blood Mini Kit. Since isolation of fragmented cell free DNA out of blood and white blood cells can be quite a hard challenge because of the low concentrations, the experience of Sanquin helped a lot in optimizing our DNA extraction method. In addition, they pointed at the delay in red blood cell development, which gave us the idea to extend our model to include the whole process of gene doping and its effect.
-</p>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Targeted Sequencing</h4>
-<p>Professor on Therapeutic Gene Modulation Hidde Haisma gave us insight in the most attractive methods for athletes for gene doping. Also, he gave us information on the detection possibilities for gene doping, for example the presence of exon-exon junctions due to the removal of introns, a distinct promotor for increased expression and viral vectors to penetrate into the human cells. Furthermore, he inspired us with his research in whole genome sequencing for gene doping detection and his limitations concerning data analysis. Reducing our data output for less complicated data analysis became one of our requirements for our gene doping detection method.
-</p>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/35/T--TUDelft--2018_hiddecircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>I expect athletes that would be using gene doping now to use either plasmids or adenoviruses as vectors.<em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
+</p>
 </div>
-<p>Alina Ham, Gerard Coyne and Angelica Vittori from Oxford Nanopore Technologies inspired us to adapt our initial idea, which would involve detection of target sequences based on dCas9-affinity and subsequent nanopore blocking. The forces exerted by the motor protein were suggested to overcome dCas9 affinity, and were most likely to push off the DNA-binding protein. This important advice made us change our project from a detection method based on signal absence towards a methodology striving for targeted sequencing.
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>What is Gene Doping and What Does it Mean for Competitive Running</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+Canadian Running Magazine: <br>
+Around the time of our Stirling visit, we were highly commented on Twitter. We were even picked up by a
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/what-is-gene-doping-and-what-does-it-mean-for-competitive-running/" target="_blank">Canadian Sports Magazine</a>reporting on gene doping.
 </p>
+</div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Fusion Protein for Targeted Sequencing and Library Preparation</h4>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>iGEM Team TU Delft Presents</button>
-<p>The idea for our fusion protein came through several phases. We read about Zinc finger and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), but wanted to improve on the versatility to anticipate the plethora of changes that could be made to the genes used as gene doping. Therefore, we came up with a Cas9 based protein with a flexible guide RNA library after elaborate discussions with amongst others prof. Stan Brouns. Later, during a presentation at the Delft Health Initiative, CRISPR experts challenged our approach because of the on and off target effects of dxCas9, but praised our idea for its versatility and thereby its probably functionality.<br>
+<div class="content">
-<br>
+<p><br><br>
-Prof. Chirlmin Joo and Viktoria Globyte advised us on this functionality of our fusion protein in its early stages, providing us with a confident start of the wet lab fusion protein production.</p>
+NBV: <br>
+Thanks to an effort by iGEM Rotterdam, we had an article published on the Dutch National Biotechnology Society (NBV) website together with the other dutch iGEM teams. Check it out
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/61/T--TUDelft--2018_joocircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>Cas9 scanning and kicking off from non-target DNA is faster than transposase cutting.<em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://nbv.kncv.nl/k/nl/n1099/news/view/141162/104679/igem-team-tu-delft.html" target="_blank">here</a>.
+</p>
 </div>
-<div class="spcmkr" id="haganb"></div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Who create the best bacteria?</button>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Multiplexing and Barcoding</h4>
+<div class="content">
-<p>Professor Hagan Bayley from Oxford University, one of the founders of Oxford Nanopore Technologies, pointed at the enrichment of our sample. This prompted us to focus on an extensive sample preparation. On top of this, prof. Bayley said that multiplexing and accompanying barcoding would be a big advantage, which we then set out to implement, improving upon an existing iGEM barcoding tool.
+<p><br><br>
+Chemical Sector Review C2W: <br>
+Together with the other Dutch iGEM teams, we had an article published on the website of C2W, a platform for professionals in chemical and life sciences. Read the article
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.c2w.nl/achtergrond/wie-verbouwt-de-beste-bacterie/item20249" target="_blank">here</a>.
 </p>
+</div>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/44/T--TUDelft--2018_hagancircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>ADOPE’s ingenious approach to foreign gene detection pushes the frontiers of forensic analysis. <em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>TU Delft iGEM</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+Biotechnology community website:<br>
+Read the article
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://biotechnologycommunity.com/md_news/tu-delft-igem/" target="_blank">here</a>.
+</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Prescreen</h4>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Students of TU Delft develop a new method to detect gene doping</button>
-<p>Olivier de Hon, principal scientist at the Dutch Doping Authority, gave us highly valuable insights into the requirements that the doping authorities set for a detection method. A conversation with him resulted in our focus on the nanoparticle based prescreening method.</p>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/02/T--TUDelft--2018_oliviercircle.png" alt="Moniek Nijhuis" class="imagequote"><em>&ldquo;</em>The initial costs are not very important in doping detection development. What does matter is that we should be able to efficiently upscale the detection.<em>&rdquo;</em><br><br>
+Sport Innovator:<br>
+Read the article
+<a class="adpbl" href="http://sportinnovator.nl/nieuws/studenten-tu-delft-ontwikkelen-nieuwe-methode-om-gendoping-op-te-sporen" target="_blank">here</a>.
+</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Minimizing out of Competition Testing</h4>
-<p>As became apparent from the interviews with Moniek Nijhuis and Cameron Brodie, out of competition testing can be highly privacy invasive in the sense that athletes always need to keep track of where they go. Therefore, we found it important to assess how to reduce testing time and optimally schedule possible testing points to have least impact on the athletes every-day life. To determine the optimal detection point for gene doping, we developed a model of the human body response to EPO gene doping, incorporating the blood cell development in the bone marrow based a suggestion by the Dutch National blood bank Sanquin.<br>
-<br>
-Furthermore, the initial Skype call with Prof. Paul Dimeo from Stirling University prompted us to focus on athlete behavior, to think with them and thereby be a step ahead. We focussed on different administration methods for gene doping (intravenous and intramuscular) and on the effects of microdosing EPO gene doping. In this way we determined that our method could best be included in out of competition testing. See our model.
-</p>
-<h4 class="adpbl">Safety-by-Design</h4>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>ADOPE</button>
-<p>
+<div class="content">
-For our team safety does not only come first. We prefer to say “safety always”. That is why we actively incorporated safety throughout our project, from the topic choice, focussing on responsible use of synthetic biology, to the product development, consisting of a cell free device. The RIVM, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, advised us on this. We concluded that from an environmental perspective unregulated gene doping use throughout society might pose another threat and thereby a reason for detection, at least in sports, and further awareness throughout society. In the image below an overview is given of how we incorporated safety throughout our project.
+<p><br><br>
+EUsynbios website:<br>
+Read the article
+<a class="adpbl" href="http://www.eusynbios.org/blog/2018/8/14/igem-tu-delft-2018-advanced-detection-of-performance-enhancement" target="_blank">here</a>.
 </p>
+</div>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>The vectors people in society would use for gene doping might in time also pose an environmental threat, depending on the vectors.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
-<p class="opinions">Cécile van der Vlugt, RIVM</p></div>
-<center><figure>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>The end of gene doping: iGEM Delft team makes it possible</button>
-<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/1e/T--TUDelft--2018_InfographicWIKI.png" width="100%" height="auto" alt="Infographic">
+<div class="content">
-    <figcapture class="figadpbl"><b>Figure 10.</b> Infographic Safety-by-Design.</figcapture></figure></center>
+<p><br><br>
+Eurofins:<br>
+Read the article
+<a class="adpbl" href="https://www.genomics-expert.com/2018/09/25/the-end-of-gene-doping-igem-delft-team-makes-it-possible/" target="_blank">here</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
-<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="reference-scroll"></span>References Infographic</button>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Gene doping: What is it and how is it being combated?</button>
 <div class="content">
-<ul class="reflist">
+<p><br><br>
-<li>[1] Ginn SL, Amaya AK, Alexander IE, Edelstein M, Abedi MR. Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2017: An update. J Gene Med. 2018;20:e3015. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.3015.</li>
+The Cyclist: <br>
-<li>[2] Gao, G. (2004). Erythropoietin gene therapy leads to autoimmune anemia in macaques. Blood 103:3300-3302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-3852.</li>
+Nicola Busca, a journalist from London, came to Stirling to attend our expert discussion and wrote a marvelous article on gene doping and our project. Read the article
-<li>[3] World Anti-Doping Agency (2018). Accredited Laboratories. Retrieved on 23-9-2018 from:
+<a class="adpbl" href="http://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/5388/gene-doping-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-being-combated" target="_blank">here</a>.
-https://www.wada-ama.org/en/what-we-do/science-medical/laboratories/accredited-laboratories. </li>
+</p>
-<li>[4] Alkilany, A.M. et al. (2010). Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? J Nanopart Res. Sep; 12(7):2313-2333. doi:10.1007/s11051-010-9911-8. </li>
-<li>[5] Singh, K. et al. (2018, June 6). Security breach at MyHeritage website leaks details of over 92 million users. Reuters Cyber Risk. Retrieved on 23-9-2018 from:
-https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myheritage-privacy/security-breach-at-myheritage-website-leaks-details-of-over-92-million-users-idUSKCN1J1308</li>
-<li>[6] Glaxosmithkline (2018, July 25). GSK and 23andMe sign agreement to leverage genetic insights for the development of novel medicines. Retrieved on 23-9-2018 from:
-https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/gsk-and-23andme-sign-agreement-to-leverage-genetic-insights-for-the-development-of-novel-medicines/.</li>
-<li>[7] Tøndel, C. et al. (2012). Safety and Complications of Percutaneous Kidney Biopsies in 715 Children and 8573 Adults in Norway 1988–2010. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7(10): 1591–1597. doi:  10.2215/CJN.02150212.</li>
-<li>[8] The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2016, April 27). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of such Data, and Repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union; retrieved on 23-9-2018 from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj.</li>
-<li>[9] Denby, B, & Schofield, D. (1999). Role of virtual reality in safety training of mine personnel. Mining Engineering (Littleton, Colorado): 51; 10: 59-64. </li>
-    </ul>
 </div>
-<h4 class="adpbl">The Future of our Method</h4>
+   <div class="spcmkr" id="outreachevents-scroll"></div>
+            <h2 class="adpbl">Outreach Events</h2>
 <p>
-The Dutch Doping Authority has shown interest in the implementation of our method and the Delft Sport Engineering Institute is interested in further support of our research. More on this can be read on the <a class="adpbl" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Entrepreneurship#broaderinterest"  target="_blank">Entrepreneurship page</a>.
+We attended many events to inform the public on synthetic biology and our project!<br><br>
-On top of this, we identified another market interested in our gene doping detection method: horse racing. Gene doping lately receives huge interest in the horse racing world. Earlier this year, the 37th Asian Racing Conference in Seoul specifically focussed on gene doping (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Bloodhorse, 17 May 2018</a>), illustrating the imminent threat of gene doping in this world.
 </p>
-<div class="blockquoteadpbl"><em>&ldquo;</em>Argentinian scientists have started performing gene editing on horses, and it is speculated that the first super-horse is likely to be produced by them as early as 2019.<em>&rdquo;</em><br>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Life Science Open Day</button>
-<p class="opinions">Dr. Teruaki Tozaki, technical advisor for the Laboratory of Racing Chemistry in Japan (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Bloodhorse, 17 May 2018</a>)</p></div>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+In February we represented iGEM on the open day at Delft University of Technology.
+</p>
+<br><br>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/50/T--TUDelft--LifeScience.jpeg" width="75%" height="auto" alt="LifeScience">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 13.</b> Representing iGEM at the TU Delft Open Day. </figcapture>
+</figure>
-<p>
+</div>
-This year the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine even received $300.000 dollar towards the development of a gene doping detection system according to Kim Yuhl in the Online Pennsylvania Play Magazine (<a href="References" class="adpbl">Yuhl <em>et al.</em> June 22, 2018</a>). The Dutch Horse Racing Association has shown great interest in our product as we discuss on our <a class="adpbl" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Entrepreneurship#broaderinterest"  target="_blank">Entrepreneurship page.</a><br>
-<br>
-Apart from direct gene doping applications, the Dutch National Bloodbank Sanquin is working on methods for prenatal screening of diseases for which they have shown great interest in our method. On top of this, the RIKILT, the Dutch Research Department for Food Safety at Wageningen University and Research, world’s number 1 university for food technology, has shown interest in our method for safe food applications. These are only a few of the variety of extended applications of our targeted sequencing method.
-The Stan Brouns Lab at Delft University of Technology is so enthusiastic about our project that they want to develop our method of targeted sequencing for broader applications. Nevertheless, the fight against gene doping might be continued as well depending on a big grant application we started. Read more on the steps we have been taking towards the future applications on our <a class="adpbl" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:TUDelft/Entrepreneurship#broaderinterest"  target="_blank">Entrepreneurship page</a>.
-<p>
-                   <div id="References">
-                            <div class="spcmkr"></div>
-                            <h1 class="adpbl">References</h1>
-                            <ol class="adpbl" type="1">
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Bioengineering Kick Off Event</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+We presented our project for the first time during the Kickoff of the Delft Bioengineering Institute. Here we met Clive Brown, Chief Technical Officer of Oxford Nanopore Technologies, who showed great interest in our fusion protein.
+</p>
+<br><br>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/74/T--TUDelft--Kickoff.png" width="75%" height="auto" alt="Kickoff">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 14.</b> One of our team members pitching our project to the Chief Technical Officer of Oxford Nanopore Technologies. </figcapture>
+</figure>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Intergenerational TU Delft iGEM BBQ</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+We believe iGEM doesn't stop after the competition. Not only do many teams continue their project, the iGEM experience creates intergenerational bonding. Therefore, we organized an intergenerational TU Delft iGEM BBQ for which we invited old team members since the beginning of TU Delft in iGEM.
+</p>
+<br><br>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/3a/T--TUDelft--bbqreunion.jpg" width="75%" height="auto" alt="BBQ">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 15.</b> Our intergenerational TU Delft iGEM BBQ.</figcapture>
+</figure>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>OWee</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+During the first week for freshmen in Delft, there is a big event organized called the OWee. Here, we presented our project with beetroot juice. Beetroot juice has been speculated to improve physical performance, which we wanted students to test on our running track. In the meantime, we would of course tell them all about our project!
+</p>
+</div>
+<button class="collapsible cadpbl"><span id="Media-scroll"></span>Biofiction Film Festival</button>
+<div class="content">
+<p><br><br>
+During the Bio-Fiction - Science, Art & Film Festival, we watched several short movies focused on the ethical issues surrounding new biotechnologies. This was followed with a discussion headed by four panelists: Alexander Armstrong from TU Delft iGEM, Oriana van der Sande, Tobie van Dalen, and Zoe Reddy. The focus of the discussion was the influence of art on how we view and understand new scientific and technological developments. Alexander provided his thoughts on the accuracy of the science presented in the movies to complement the other panelists thoughts on the artistic merits of the films.
+</p>
+<br><br>
+<figure>
+<center>
+<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--TUDelft--Biofiction.jpeg" width="75%" height="auto" alt="Biofiction">
+</center>
+<figcapture class="adpbl"><b>Figure 16.</b> Biofiction Film Festival</figcapture>
+</figure>
+</div>
+<div id="References-scroll">
+      <div class="spcmkr"></div>
+        <h1 class="adpbl">References</h1>
+<ol class="adpbl" type="1">
+    <li><a class="adpbl" href="https://live.flatland.agency/12290417/rathenau-igem/" target="_blank"> Robaey, Z. et al. (2017). iGEMmers Guide to the Future. Retrieved on 21-02-2018 from: https://live.flatland.agency/12290417/rathenau-igem/.</a></li>
+    <li><a class="adpbl" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002191324/http://bjsportmed.com/content/43/11/871" target="_blank"> Connor, J. et al. (2013). Would they dope? Revisiting the Goldman dilemma. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 47 (11):697-700. Doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091826. PMID 23343717. </a></li>
+    <li><a class="adpbl" target="_blank"> Goldman, R. et al (1992). Death in the locker room: drugs and sports (2 ed.). Elite Sports Medicine Publications. p. 24. ISBN 9780963145109. </a></li>
+<li><a class="adpbl" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/09/sports-and-doping/" target="_blank"> Steadman, I. (9 October, 2012). How Sports Would be Better with Doping. WIRED. Retrieved on 16-03-2018 from: https://www.wired.com/2012/09/sports-and-doping/.</a></li>
+  <li><a class="adpbl" href="http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/handle/1871/39964/280284.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y" target="_blank"> Van Hilvoorde, I. et al. (2004). Topsport en Gendoping. Krisis.</a></li>
+</ol>
+</div>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK">Baoutina, A. et al. (2010). Gene Doping Detection: Evaluation of Approach for Direct Detection of Gene Transfer using Erythropoietin as a Model System. Gene Therapy 17(8): 1022-32. Doi: 10.1038/gt.2010.49.</a></li>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank">Bloodhorse (May 17, 2018). Gene Doping Threat Discussed at Asian Racing Conference. Retrieved on 27-09-2018 from: https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/227582/gene-doping-threat-discussed-at-asian-racing-conference.</a></li>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank">Everts, S. (8 August 2016). Athletes at Rio Olympics face advanced antidoping technology. C&en Vol. 94, Iss. 32, pp. 25-26. Retrieved on 5 July 2018 from: https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i32/Athletes-Rio-Olympics-face-advanced.html?platform=hootsuite.</a></li>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank">  Buee L. et al. (2000). Tau protein isoforms, phosphorylation and role in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 33:95–130.</a></li>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank">  Grove-White, R. , Macnaghten, P. , Wynne, B. (2000). Wising Up: The Public and New Technologies. Centre for the Study of Environmental Change, Lancaster, UK.</a></li>
-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank">  Hill, T. and Westbrook, R. (1997). SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall. Long Range Planning. 30 (1): 46–52. doi:10.1016/S0024-6301(96)00095-7.</a></li>
-<li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank"> Letzter, R. et al. (8 August 2016). Officials Fear some Olympic Athletes might be altering their genes to cheat in Rio. Business Insider. Retrieved on 5 July 2018 from: https://www.businessinsider.com/wada-test-rio-olympic-athletes-gene-doping-2016-8?international=true&r=US&IR=T.</a></li>
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-                                <li><a class="adpbl" href="LINK" target="_blank"> Reinsch, M. (28 January 2006). Springstein-Prozeß: Das Zeitalter des Gendopings hat begonnen. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.</a></li>
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-                            </ol>
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