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Microbial Symphony

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1.1

By transforming these cells with our own synthetic genes, we can produce proteins of interest. This is the foundational goal of biomanufacturing.

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1. Background

These are normal Escheri coli cells. Given nutrients and space, they will grow, producing various proteins.

Strain: Unmodified E. coli

Division Time: 1 hour

Yield: N/A

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1.2

An important component of these genes is their promoter, which determines how and when they are expressed. There are two common ways genes are induced in biomanufacturing; constitutive and inducible expression.

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2.1 Constitutive Expression

Constitutive promoters result in constant expression. The primary benefit of this "system" is its inherent simplicity - expression will occur with no intervention. A cell will always be producing the protein of interest, from its first division to its last.

Very little protein of interest is produced because the colony isn't given the chance to mature - so many of the cells' resources are committed towards producing the protein that the colony's growth rate is reduced.

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2. Constitutive Expression

These E. coli have been modified with a constitutively promoted gene of interest.

Strain: E. coli with constitutive expression

Division Time: 3 hours

Yield: Low

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While this is appropriate for experimentation, when optimizing for biomanufacturing, constitutive promoters begin to show their flaws.

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3.1 Inducible Expression

Inducible promoters are an improvement over constitutive expression because they give the manufacturer a degree of control over the gene.

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3. Inducible Expression

These E. coli have been modified with an artificially inducible gene of interest.

Strain: Inducible E. coli

Division Time: 1 hours

Yield: High

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These promoters will only express the protein of interest in the presence of some inducer - such as the artificial inducer IPTG - is added to the culture or bioreactor.

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