Difference between revisions of "Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Demonstrate"

 
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/09/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--Demonstrate_Overview.png">
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This is <b>nanoFactory</b> - a combined system to clean up mining drainage and produce nanoparticles.
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<b>Figure 1:</b> Christoph working under a N2 atmosphere to protect the copper naoparticle from oxidising.
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During our project we were able to demonstrate accumulation of metal ions in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, while increasing the tolerance towards such ions. We engineered ferritin to enable iron, silver and gold nanoparticle formation. Furthermore, we demonstarted that nanoparticles could be used to print conductive paths.
  
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/09/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--Demonstrate_Overview.png">
  
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<br/><h2>Printing Electronics</h2>
 
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Printing electronics is a recent development whereby metal nanoparticles are mixed with organic solvents to form an ink that can be deposited in thin layers on various surfaces with inkjet printers or other printing techniques.
 
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After printing the nano ink gets reduced to elemental metal structures by either heating at relatively low temperatures or applying intense light.
 
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The printing of metal nanoparticles allows for a quick prototyping and in combination with the special properties of metal nanoparticles very thin layers made of moderately heat stable materials becomes possible.
 
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To show that nanoparticles can indeed be made conductive at relatively low temperatures we ordered copper nanoparticles and either processed them further for creating a printable ink or used them directly for the production of conductive lines without further additives.
 
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Since copper NP are known to oxidise when coming in contact with air all experiments needed to be done under N2 atmosphere.
 
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7a/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--N2Atmosphere.png">
 
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<b>Figure 1:</b> Christoph working under a N2 atmosphere to protect the copper naoparticle from oxidising.
 
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Only a few metals have a conductivity high enough to be practical for use in printed electronics. Copper (Cu) is cheap and widely available but has the disadvantage of oxidizing in ambient conditions. Cu also tends to agglomerate, which is unfavorable when used in NP ink.
 
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Improve">Silver</a> has the highest conductivity and does not oxidize making it a popular choice for flexible electronics. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Improve">Gold</a> on the other hand is very expensive but has the advantage of not reacting with biological systems. <br>
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Beside the advantage of being easily processed into metallic inks and printed into any 2D shape the high surface energy of metal NP leads to a much lower melting point compared to metallic particles with micrometer scales. When NPs are heated to around 200°C they melt and fuse together to form a solid surface (Sunho Jeong et al., 2011).
 
  
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For Cu-based nano inks, better conductivity is achieved when elemental Cu NPs are used. Copper oxide (CuO) NPs are formed when the NP are produced under aerobic conditions. CuO NPs have lower conductivity therefore a protective coating layer applied to the Cu NPs is often used to prevent oxidation prior to sintering.
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The use of commercial inkjet printers for printing NP based ink allows for a very low hurdle of entry into the area of do-it-yourself (DIY) electronics (Yoshihiro Kawahara. et al., 2013). Our tests also showed that it is possible to use a commercially available household printers for printing different solvents which can be used to create copper inks. But the print head of standard printer easily clogs when copper nanoparticles (40 nm) are added to the ink. Therefore we recommend more traditional printing methods like screen printing for the low cost production of electronics made from metal nanoparticles.
 
  
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<h2 id="Achievements" style="color:white; font-size:30px; margin-top:5%;">Achievements</h2>
  
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/66/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--CopperIn_TheOven.jpeg">
 
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<b>Figure 1:</b> Different probes made from copper ink or pure copper nanoparticles printed via the screen print technique and heated to 340°C.
 
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Improve"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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1. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Improve">Construction of a mutated human ferritin which is able to build silver and gold nanoparticles</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Public_Engagement"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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2. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Public_Engagement">Outreach on raising awareness on "Dual Use Research of Concern" issues in iGEM and to scientists worldwide.</a>
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e4/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--Cu_molten39.png">
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<b>Figure 1:</b> Our printed circuits under the TEM. The structure after heating the 40 nm particles to 340°C shows clusters of combined copper nanoparticles.
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Ferritin_Results"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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3. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Ferritin_Results">We heterologous expressed ferritin to enhance iron nanoparticle formation in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Accumulation_Results"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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4. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Accumulation_Results">Integration and characterization of metal importers to accumulate metal ions in <i>Escherichia coli cells</i>.</a>
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<figure role="group"> <img class="figure hundred" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/52/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--cg--ConductiveCopper.jpg">
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<b>Figure 1:</b> Measuring the electrical resistance of our fragile copper nanoparticle prints. Display shows an resistance of 0.9 mOhm.
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Toxicity_Results#!"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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5. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Toxicity_Results#!">Cloning and characterization of several proteins which are able to reduce reactive oxygen species, for example caused by metal ions.</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Software"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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6. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Software">Development of a software for the prediction of siRNAs and RNAi for gene silencing in prokaryotes.</a>
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<br/><h2>Functionalization of Gold NP</h2>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Hardware"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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7. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Hardware">Development of a cross-flow bioreactor hardware to filter hugh amounts of mining drainage while accumulate metal ions in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Model"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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8. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Model">Integrated modeling on toxicity through metal ions and hardware improvement.</a>
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Gold nanoparticle are compared to other metallic NPs not toxic to the cell because they are not reactive and do not produce reactive oxygen species which can harm the cell. Therefore they are well suited for the delivery of DNA and RNA products into cells.  
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Design"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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<br/><h2>Overexpressing and Imaging of Iron Loaded Ferritin NP</h2>
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9. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Design">Development of a siRNA target vector system for effective silencing in prokaryotes.</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Measurement"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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10. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Measurement">Construction of a promoter and RBS library and a testing vector to enable the comparison through normalization on a second reporter.</a>
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    <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Human_Practices"><img style="width:100%" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/de/T--Bielefeld-CeBiTec--checkbox_demonstrate_jr.svg" class="image"></a>
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11. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Human_Practices">Dialogue to stakeholder and scientific experts throughout the whole project.</a>
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12. <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Collaborations">Creating achievements together with the great iGEM community.</a>
 
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Latest revision as of 02:22, 18 October 2018

Demonstrate
This is nanoFactory - a combined system to clean up mining drainage and produce nanoparticles.
During our project we were able to demonstrate accumulation of metal ions in Escherichia coli, while increasing the tolerance towards such ions. We engineered ferritin to enable iron, silver and gold nanoparticle formation. Furthermore, we demonstarted that nanoparticles could be used to print conductive paths.
BRahman, K., Khan, A., Muhammad, N. M., Jo, J., & Choi, K. H. (2012). Fine-resolution patterning of copper nanoparticles through electrohydrodynamic jet printing. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 22(6), 065012.
Liu, Y., Pharr, M., & Salvatore, G. A. (2017). Lab-on-skin: a review of flexible and stretchable electronics for wearable health monitoring. ACS nano, 11(10), 9614-9635.
Park, B. K., Kim, D., Jeong, S., Moon, J., & Kim, J. S. (2007). Direct writing of copper conductive patterns by ink-jet printing. Thin solid films, 515(19), 7706-7711.
Raut, N. C., & Al-Shamery, K. (2018). Inkjet printing metals on flexible materials for plastic and paper electronics. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 6(7), 1618-1641.
Rothschild, L. J., Koehne, J., Gandhiraman, R., Navarrete, J., & Spangle, D. (2017). Urban biomining meets printable electronics: end-to-end at destination biological recycling and reprinting.
Lim, S., Joyce, M., Fleming, P. D., Aijazi, A. T., & Atashbar, M. (2013). Inkjet printing and sintering of nano-copper ink. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 57(5), 50506-1.
Joo, S. J., Park, S. H., Moon, C. J., & Kim, H. S. (2015). A highly reliable copper nanowire/nanoparticle ink pattern with high conductivity on flexible substrate prepared via a flash light-sintering technique. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 7(10), 5674-5684.
Jeong, S., Song, H. C., Lee, W. W., Lee, S. S., Choi, Y., Son, W., ... & Ryu, B. H. (2011). Stable aqueous based Cu nanoparticle ink for printing well-defined highly conductive features on a plastic substrate. Langmuir, 27(6), 3144-3149.
Ummartyotin, S., Bunnak, N., Juntaro, J., Sain, M., & Manuspiya, H. (2012). Synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles for printed electronics. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 15(6), 539-544.
Karthik, P. S., & Singh, S. P. (2015). Copper conductive inks: synthesis and utilization in flexible electronics. RSC Advances, 5(79), 63985-64030.
Kawahara, Y., Hodges, S., Cook, B. S., Zhang, C., & Abowd, G. D. (2013, September). Instant inkjet circuits: lab-based inkjet printing to support rapid prototyping of UbiComp devices. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing (pp. 363-372). ACM.