In order to improve our projects, we have several interviews with experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Food, to collect information about diabetes, sweeteners, advantage of D-psicose as well as market and possible commercialization of D-psicose. Additionally,we visited the elders and patients in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, Xi’an Jiaotong University community and hospital, to collect their problems on medical treatment and daily diet, as well as to popularize our projects about healthy sugar substitutes D-psicose. In our WeChat public account, we not only introduce and promote the IGEM competition concept and our project, we also regularly post scientific articles in synthetic biology to gradually walk the public into life sciences.

In order to better improve our projects, we communicate with experts in different fields. We introduced them to directed evolution and psicose, accepted experts’ advice , and let us have a deeper understanding of our projects in different aspects from the conversations.

Center for Mitochondria Biology and Medicine in Xi’an Jiaotong University

Professor Liu and Professor Long have long been engaged in the regulation of nutrition on aging, metabolic syndrome and other molecular and biological levels. In order to seek professional opinion on D-psicose and directed evolution, we interviewed them.

Keypoints

• At present, there is no way to overcome diabetes with a kind of food such as D-psicose.
• Increasing the activity of the enzyme is an important task. In the case where the crystal structure of the DTE enzyme is known, it can be considered to study its coenzyme, or cofactor (Mn2+).
• At present, biosensor technology is still immature, but it has great poten tial for development.

Professor Liu suggested that we need to know more about the toxicity of D-psicose.How about the safety of D-psicose as a food? What is the basis for the safety of D-psicose?

Professor Long proposed to clarify the mechanism of action of D-psicose on diabetes and obesity; we need to consider the market limitations of D-psicose: Can it be used as a medicine or just as a sweetener?

Let us find the answers in the following human practice!

College of Life Science and Technology in Xi’an Jiaotong University

Professor Zhang,a professor in microbiology. She has done some research on the medical mechanism of D-psicose. Ganqiao Ran,a Ph.D. student at Xi'an Jiaotong University.

Keypoints

• In rodents, D-psicose is known to inhibit digestive enzymes, including alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. D-psicose also inhibits the absorption of glucose from the intestine by competing with glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.
• Rats fed D-psicose had significantly lower serum insulin and leptin levels. The D-D-psicose diet significantly reduced liver enzyme activity involved in adipogenesis, while gene expression of fatty acid oxidative transcriptional regulators was enhanced.

Thanks to them, we collected relevant literature on the medical mechanism of D-psicose.

First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi’an,Shannxi

Mr. Guo is the director of the endocrinology department of the inpatient department. In order to learn about the possibility of D-psicose as a drug for the treatment of diabetes , we interviewed Prof. Guo

Keypoints

• D-psicose is suitable for the treatment of obesity and almost all types of diabetes.
• Testing on animals is not enough, and D-psicose must go through a series of clinical trials.
• D-psicose is multi-site for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, which is very advantageous as a drug.
• D-psicose is multi-site for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, which is very advantageous as a drug.

From Dr. Guo, we learned that D-psicose is likely to be a drug for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, although we need to pass a series of laws and regulations. Dr. Guo helped us to understand more clearly the importance of diet control for the treatment of diabetes, and also confirmed the efficacy of D-psicose as a food, the science of medicine and the vast market.

Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Bio-Agriculture,Xi’an, Shannxi.

Ms.Sun is a distinguished research fellow at the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.She has been working on rare sugar for a long time and worked at the Japan Sugar Research Center. We conducted an interview on the application and market of D-psicose

Keypoints

• The study of D-psicose is advanced in Japan, and the big company producing D-psicose has the British Taylor group, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
• D-psicose has been industrialized in Japan, and so far, hundreds of foods have been added to D-psicose without causing a sharp rise on price.
• D-psicose is a perfect substitute for sucrose, not only about taste, sweetness, energy, but also food processing.
• The global sugar market is more than $10 million a year, of which more than 80% is sucrose. In China, the demand for sucrose is large and the yield is insufficient.
• The most similar to D-psicose is tagatose, but it is more expensive,and its comprehensive characteristics are not as good as D-psicose.

Thanks to the information provided by Sun, we understand that D-psicose has an unparalleled advantage !The huge sugar market in the world shows us that D-psicose has broad prospects, and its market in Japan also gives us full confidence!

In addition, Dr.Sun reminded us that D-psicose has been approved by the FDA in 2011, and FDA-related information shows that it is sufficiently safe. This answers the question of the toxicity of psicose proposed by Professor Liu to us!

Xi’an Jiaotong University

Teacher Lu is an expert in the transformation of basic achievements. We have jointly explored the possibility of the industrialization of D-psicose to the market as sweetener.

Keypoints

• The complete process of the laboratory is the basis of industrialization.
• The production technology of naloxone involves property rights issues.There are many ways to cooperate with companies.
• If you decide to start a business, in addition to technology you also need to consider funds, employees, supplies, etc.
• When it comes to the cost and price of D-psicose,the product itself and the market both need to be considered.

From Teacher Lu, we have learned that there is still a long way to go to industrialization of D-psicose, which requires a lot of effort and cooperation. He also proposed several methods for investigating the market, which pointed out the direction for us to study the existing market for D-psicose and other sugars.

University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

This summer, some of the team members participated in the summer exchange program at the University of California at Berkeley. We had the privilege of meeting Terry Johnson, a bioengineering professor who was a judge of IGEM and we exchanged some thoughts about IGEM.

He first introduced the University of California, Berkeley's 2012, 2013 project to us, one of which was the bio-manufacturing of blue fuel, starting with the massive demand for blue dyes in jeans. This tells us how to tell the project as a good story. He then introduced us to the techniques of presentation, such as being fun, engaging, confident, enthusiastic, and logical. Most importantly, we must make judges with different backgrounds understand and not so bored.

Thanks to Professor Terry, he told us that it is a very important ability to tell our project in a short time, which makes us attach great importance to the training of expression!

Our product, D-psicose, as a sweetener, has the advantages of high sweetness and low calorie. To collect some information about the current sweetener market, and situation of sugar production, we visit companies related to sugar production. We learned the market demand of sweeteners and transformation of lab-scale achievements to market, and collected professional insights and suggestions on our IGEM project, to better understand the important value and development prospects of D-psicose.