Difference between revisions of "Team:XJTU-China/Human Practices"

 
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           <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked" id="side-nav" data-spy="affix">  
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            <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section1">Interviews with corporate technicians and visits in their companies</a></li>  
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          <li class="nav-item"><a href="#silver1"><b><font size="4"> Silver</font></b></a></h4>
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             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section2">Contact with the old</a></li>
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          <li class="nav-item"><a href="#Gold"><b><font size="4">Integrated and Gold</font></b></a></h4>
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            <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section1">Interviews with experts</a></li>
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            <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section1-5">Company visits</a></li>  
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             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section2">Benefit the old diabetics</a></li>
 
             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section3">Questionnaire about sweeteners</a></li>
 
             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section3">Questionnaire about sweeteners</a></li>
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             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section3">Meetups with other teams</a></li>
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             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section4">Market analysis summary of D-psicose</a></li>
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            <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section5">Meetups with other teams</a></li>
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             <li class="nav-item"><a href="#section6">Summary</a></li>
 
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             <h1 class="font-weight-bold text-center">Public Engagement</h1>
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            <div id="silver1">
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                <div class="page-header">
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                  <h3>Silver</h3>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <p>
 +
                  In order to improve our projects, we have several interviews with experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Food, to collect information about diabetes, sweeteners, advantage of D-psicose as well as market and possible commercialization of D-psicose. Additionally,we visited the elders in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, Xi’an Jiaotong University community , to collect their problems on medical treatment and daily diet, as well as to popularize our projects about healthy sugar substitutes D-psicose. In our WeChat public account, we not only introduce and promote the IGEM competition concept and our project, we also regularly post scientific articles in synthetic biology to gradually walk the public into life sciences.
 +
                </p>
 +
                <div align="center">
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                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/bb/T--XJTU-China--HP-SILVER1.png" class="mx-auto align=center"style=";width: 55%" />
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               <div class="page-header">
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                 <h2>Interviews with corporate technicians and visits in their companies</h2>
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              <h3>Integrated & Gold</h3>
 +
            <p>
 +
              Our human practice work is integrated into different stages of the project. To learn about the possibility of D-psicose as a drug for the treatment of diabetes，We had a deep interview with Dr Guo, who is a doctor for diabetes treatment. To collect some information about the current sweetener market, and situation of sugar production, we visit companies related to sugar production. To investigate the public's perception about sweeteners and predict the future market of our products, D-psicose，we have collected over one thousand questionaires.
 +
            </p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div align="center">
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              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/87/T--XJTU-China--HP-brochure-1.jpg" class="mx-auto"  style="width: 55%" /></div>
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            </div>
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            <div id="silver3">
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              <div class="page-header">
 +
              <h3>Public engagement</h3>           
 +
            </div>
 +
            <p>
 +
              Public participation is very important given that the IGEM competition is a competition that was born to solve practical problems. We actively joined various communities to involve the public into our project. Social media like Wechat public account, Twitter, and public mailbox are constantly used to communicate with the public and other teams. We also conducted questionnaires for online and offline surveys. In addition, social practice of IGEM competition is including offering lectures on synthetic biology, visiting nursing homes, and handing out health manuals.
 +
            </p>
 +
            <div align="center">
 +
              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/45/T--XJTU-China--HP-Silver-2.png" class="mx-auto" style="width: 55%" />
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            </div>
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            </div>
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            <br><br><br><br>
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            <div id="Gold">
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            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/6f/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-HEAD.png"class="d-block" style="height: 100%" />
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section1">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
                 <h2>Interviews with experts</h2>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
             <div id="section11">
 
             <div id="section11">
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              <h3>Abstract</h3>
 
−
              <br>
 
 
               <p>
 
               <p>
−
                 Our product, D-psicose, as a sweetener, has the advantages of high sweetness and low energy. To make our product D-psicose closer to the market demand, we organized company visits.
+
                 In order to improve our projects, we have several interviews with experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Food, to collect information about diabetes, sweeteners, advantage of D-psicose as well as market and possible commercialization of D-psicose.  
−
              </p>
+
−
              <p>
+
−
                During the visit, we focused on understanding the current sweetener market and listened to professional insights and recommendations on our IGEM project. Besides, we learned from the company how to bring laboratory products to market. Through the visit, we have a profound understanding of the important value and development prospects of D-psicose.
+
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
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             <div id ="section12">
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            <div id="section1-0">
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               <h3>Huanqiu Yuanyi, Yang ling</h3>
+
              <h2 style="color: rgb(196,137,61);"><b>Part I</b>
−
              <p style= "text-align:right;">
+
                <br>
−
               General Manager Zhao</p>
+
              Diabetes and possible positive effects of D-psicose on diabetes</h2>
 +
              <hr/>
 +
            </div>
 +
             <div id="section12">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
               <h3>Prof.Jiankang Liu, Prof.Jiangang Long</h3>
 +
              <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
               Center for Mitochondria Biology and Medicine in Xi’an Jiaotong University</p>
 
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                   <h2>pic1</h2>
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                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/39/T--XJTU-China--HP-Gold-2.png"class="mx-auto d-block" />
 
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                   <h2>pic2</h2>
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                 </div>
 
                 </div>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
 +
              <p>
 +
                Prof. Liu and Prof. Long are specialists in mitochondria biology and nutrition regulation on aging and metabolic syndrome. We had an interview with them to obtain their professional opinions on nutrition-disorder related diseases and our D-psicose.
 +
              </p>
 +
              <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints</b></p>
 +
              <ul>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  At present, diabetes is a complex disease, which is difficult to recover just using a single food treatment such as D-psicose-containing food.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  Our project to enhance activity of key enzyme for D-psicose production by directed evolution and biosensor system has great potential for diabetes treatment.
 +
                </li>
 +
              </ul>
 +
              </blockquote>
 
                
 
                
−
               <p>To understand more about the application of sweeteners in the market, we visited Huanqiu Yuanyi Company, a company that mainly deals with kiwi processes and sales.
+
               <p>
 +
                They suggested that we need to know more about the toxicity and safety of D-psicose. Can it be used as a medicine instead of just as a sweetener? What’s the detailed mechanisms of D-psicose on diabetes and obesity, which are nutrition-disorder related diseases? How about the market and cost for this rare sugar?
 +
              <br>
 +
                Let us find the answers in the following human practice!
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section12-1">
 +
              <h3>Dr. Hui Guo</h3>
 +
              <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
              Director of endocrinology department in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University</p>
 +
              <div align="center">
 +
                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/05/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-HUIGUO.png"class="mx-auto" align="center" style="width: 55%" />
 +
              </div>
 
               <p>
 
               <p>
−
                 We interviewed manager Zhao, and then visited the workshop and laboratory.
+
                 We had a deep interview with Dr Guo, who is a doctor for diabetes treatment, to learn about the possibility of D-psicose as a drug for the treatment of diabetes.  
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
−
               <p>Keypoints</p>
+
               <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints</b></p>
 
               <ul>
 
               <ul>
−
                 <li>The potential market of D-psicose is vast. Potential groups:
+
                 <li>
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                  <ul>
+
                  D-psicose is suitable for the treatment of obesity and almost all types of diabetes (multi-site functions), which is very advantageous as a potential drug.
−
                    <li>people with diabetic go out, or travel</li>
+
−
                    <li>People in the gym pay more attention to the healthy diet of people.</li>
+
−
                    <li>
+
−
                      people in First-tier cities prefer to purchase D-psicose than others.
+
−
                    </li>
+
−
                  </ul>
+
 
                 </li>
 
                 </li>
−
 
+
                 <li>
−
                 <li>Sweeteners are a kind of food additives, which are misunderstood by Chinese public, which is a potential obstacle for the promotion of D-psicose. The reasons:
+
                  Safety of D-psicose is the major concern, and a series of clinical trials is needed before commercialization.                </li>
−
                  <ul>
+
                <li>
−
                    <li>Different food standards between Europe, America and China;</li>
+
                  Diet control is very important to control blood sugar level and its intakes. A reasonable diet pyramid should be paid attention to for the diabetics.
−
                    <li>The state deliberately pursues perfection; </li>
+
−
                    <li>The state deliberately pursues perfection; </li>
+
 
                 </li>
 
                 </li>
 
               </ul>
 
               </ul>
−
               <p>During this visit, we learned about current sweetener applications and people's perceptions of it. Besides, we listened to market professionals' thoughts on our IGEM projects.</p>
+
              </blockquote>
 +
             
 +
               <p>
 +
                To learn more, watch the following video.
 +
              </p>
 +
              <div class="align: center;">
 +
                <video src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/28/T--XJTU-China--HP-Interview.mp4"  controls="controls" style="; width:600px;height:400px" />
 +
              </div>
 +
              <hr/>
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
             <div id="section13">
 
             <div id="section13">
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               <h3>Xinsheng Jixang, Weinan, Shaanxi Province China</h3>
+
               <h3>Prof. Yali Zhang & Dr.Ganqiao Ran</h3>
−
               <p style="text-align: right;"> General Manager Tan
+
               <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
              Professor major in food and medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University,
 +
              <br>
 +
              an associate professor in Shaanxi Institute of Bio-Agriculture
 +
            </p>
 +
             
 +
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                <div class="col-sm-5">
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                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/68/T--XJTU-China--HP-Gold-4.png"class="width=70%" />
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                </div>
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                <div class="col-sm-5">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7a/T--XJTU-China--HP-Gold-5.png"class="width=70%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <p>
 +
                Prof. Zhang, who focuses her research on the food and medical mechanism of D-psicose, as well as Dr. Gan-Qiao Ran, who works on medical effects and production of D-psicose, introduced us some reported results about detailed effects of D-psicose.
 +
 
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
 +
              <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints</b></p>
 +
              <ul>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  In rodents, D-psicose is known to inhibit digestive enzymes, including alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. D-psicose also inhibits the absorption of glucose from the intestine by competing with glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  In rats, D-psicose-induced hepatic glucokinase has been reported to improve hepatic glucose utilization.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  Rats fed D-psicose had significantly lower serum insulin and leptin levels. The D-psicose diet significantly reduced liver enzyme activity involved in adipogenesis, while gene expression of fatty acid oxidative transcriptional regulators was enhanced.
 +
                </li>
 +
              </ul>
 +
              </blockquote>
 +
             
 +
             
 +
            </div>
 +
                        <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#acknowledgements" class="collapsed btn" aria-expanded="false">Show or Hide acknowledgements</a>
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              <ol class="list-group collapse" id="acknowledgements" aria-expanded="false" >
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                <p style="font-family: Times">
 +
                [1] Matsuo, T., Ishii, R., & Shirai, Y. (2011). The effects of 90-day feeding of D-psicose syrup in male Wistar rats. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1(02), 66.
 +
                <br>[2] Hossain, A., Yamaguchi, F., Hirose, K., Matsunaga, T., Sui, L., Hirata, Y., ... & Tsukamoto, I. (2015). Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug design, development and therapy, 9, 525.<br>[3] Itoh, K., Mizuno, S., Hama, S., Oshima, W., Kawamata, M., Hossain, A., ... & Tokuda, M. (2015). Beneficial Effects of Supplementation of the Rare Sugar “D‐allulose” Against Hepatic Steatosis and Severe Obesity in Lepob/Lepob Mice. Journal of food science, 80(7), H1619-H1626.<br>
 +
                [4] Kimura, T., Kanasaki, A., Hayashi, N., Yamada, T., Iida, T., Nagata, Y., & Okuma, K. (2017). d-Allulose enhances postprandial fat oxidation in healthy humans. Nutrition, 43, 16-20.<br>[5] Nishii, N., Takashima, S., Kobatake, Y., Tokuda, M., & Kitagawa, H. (2017). The long-term safety of D-allulose administration in healthy dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 79(11), 1780-1784. <br>[6] He, W., Jiang, B., Mu, W., & Zhang, T. (2016). Production of d-Allulose with d-Psicose 3-epimerase expressed and displayed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 64(38), 7201-7207.</p>
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              </ol>
 +
           
 +
              <p>
 +
                From literatures and information gathered from doctors and professors in medicine and food fields, we know that D-psicose can be used for a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.  A series of clinical trials is further needed for safety issues. In addition, the market, price, and the current production situation of D-psicose are still needed to be addressed.
 +
              </p>
 +
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section15-0">
 +
              <h2 style="color: rgb(196,137,61);"><b>Part II</b>
 +
                <br>
 +
              Market and current production of D-psicose, as well as commercialization of D-psicose</h2>
 +
              <hr/>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section15">
 +
              <h3>Dr.Yuan-Xia Sun</h3>
 +
              <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
              A distinguished research fellow in Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</p>
 
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                   <h2>pic1</h2>
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                   <div align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/40/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Yuanxia.png" class="d-block" style="width: 60%" /></div>
 
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                   <h2>pic2</h2>
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                   <p>
 +
                Prof Sun worked in Japan Sugar Research Center which is the pioneer in this field, and she has devoted herself into rare sugar research since then, owning a lot of patents for rare sugars. We conducted an interview with her on the application, market share and production of D-psicose.
 +
              </p>
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
 +
             
 +
             
 +
              <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints</b></p>
 +
              <ul>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  D-psicose is by far a perfect substitute for sucrose, not only in taste, sweetness, calorie, but also in food processing. The most similar sugar to D-psicose is tagatose, but it is more expensive, and its comprehensive characteristics are not as good as D-psicose.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  Japan is a pioneer for study of D-psicose, and the three companies to commercialize D-psicose worldwide are Matsutani Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.(JP)，CJ Cheiljedang Crop.(KR) and Tate & Lyle P.L.C (UK)
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  All three commercialized companies for D-psicose use enzymatic production instead of chemical synthesis, which means high activity of key enzyme in D-psicose biosynthesis is essential.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                D-psicose has been approved by FDA in 2011. FDA-related information shows that D-psicose is sufficiently safe to be used in food. In China it is not approved yet.               
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  D-psicose has been industrialized out of China since FDA’s approval, and hundreds of foods have been added with D-psicose as a sweetener.
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                  The global market of sugar is more than $10 million per year, of which more than 80% is sucrose. In China, the demand for sucrose is also large and the yield is insufficient.
 +
                </li>
 +
              </ul>
 +
 +
              </blockquote>
 +
             
 
               <p>
 
               <p>
−
                Our products, D-psicose, as sweeteners, have advantage of high sweetness and low calorie.  
+
                Thanks to Prof. Sun, it can be concluded that D-psicose is safe to be used in food and has unparalleled advantages over other sugar substitutes! The large sugar market in the world including in China reveals D-psicose will be in a huge demand as a healthy sucrose substitution especially with low production cost. So we are trying to find out the possibility to commercialization of D-psicose in China.
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
 +
              <hr/>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section16">
 +
              <h3>Dr.Shang-Wei Lv  </h3>
 +
              <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
              An expert in the transformation of knowledge into practice</p>
 +
 
               <p>
 
               <p>
−
                 To better understand the current sweetener market, we visited Xinsheng Jixiang Biological Company, interviewed Director Tan to exchange enzymes and D-psicose and visited the factory. The company's main produce enzyme-based fermented food and manufacture products.
+
                 We discussed with Dr Lv to explore the possibility of the industrialization of D-psicose to the market as sweetener.
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
−
               <p>Keypoints:</p>
+
               <div class="row">
 +
                <div class="col-sm-4">
 +
                  <div class="align=center">
 +
                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d7/T--XJTU-China--HP-entrepreneurship-1.jpg" class="width=60%;" />
 +
                </div>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="col-sm-8">
 +
                  <p>
 +
                <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints</b></p>
 
               <ul>
 
               <ul>
−
                 <li>In the hearts of the public, the recognition of sugar is higher than recognition of sugar substitutes and artificial sweeteners. People know sucrose is extracted from sugar cane, so it's safe for them.</li>
+
                 <li>
−
                 <li>About quality: It is important to ensure that the public recognizes the taste of the food made by D- psicose.</li>
+
                  Lab-scale production process and techniques are the basis for industrialization.
−
                 <li>About the price: The price of D-psicose in China, the market can accept, is about 20,000 yuan/ton. If you use D-psicose as a bottled beverage, the price of one bottle is about 10 yuan.</li>
+
                </li>
 +
                 <li>
 +
                  More detailed analysis of cost, price, market share of D-psicose needs to be conducted before commercialization.
 +
                </li>
 +
                 <li>
 +
                  To start a business, funding, employees, supplies, regulations, property rights issues, etc need to be taken into account, besides techniques.
 +
                </li>
 
               </ul>
 
               </ul>
−
               <p>This activity allows us to better understand the needs of the market, which will better improve our products.</p>
+
               </blockquote>
 +
              </p>
 +
                </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <p>
 +
                From Dr. Lv, we have learned that there is still a long way for industrialization of D-psicose, which requires a lot of efforts and collaborations. Our project about directed evolution system of key enzymes for D-psicose and our proposal concerning advantages and market share of D-psicose will also be beneficial to the further commercialization of D-psicose, contributing to a healthier life style.
 +
              </p>
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
−
             <div id="section14">
+
             <div id="section17-0">
−
               <h3>After  learning about the market of D-psicose as a sweetener, how to bring D-psicose to the market?</h3>
+
              <h2 style="color: rgb(196,137,61);"><b>Part III</b>
−
               <p style="text-align: right;">Yesherb, Xi'an
+
                <br>
 +
                iGEM advices
 +
                <hr/>
 +
              </h2>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section17">
 +
               <h3>Dr. Terry Johnson </h3>
 +
               <p style= "text-align:right;">
 +
              Professor in UC Berkeley, USA</p>
 +
              <div align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/76/T--XJTU-China--HP-Gold-9.png"class="mx-auto" width="50%" /></div>
 +
             
 +
              <p>
 +
                Some of the team members participated in the summer exchange program in UC Berkeley. Therefore, we had a chance to meet Prof. Terry Johnson, a bioengineering professor who was a judge of iGEM and we exchanged some thoughts with him on iGEM project.
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
−
               <p style="text-align: right;">Xi'an Shaanxi Province, China
+
              <p>
 +
                He firstly introduced the previous projects of UC Berkeley. One of which was bio-manufacturing of blue fuel, inspired by massive demand of blue dyes in jeans. Followed by how to organize a good story for a project, he guided us to the techniques of presentation, such as how to be attractive, engaging, confident, enthusiastic, and logical. We benefited a lot from him!
 +
              </p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section1-5">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h2>Company visits</h2>
 +
              </div>
 +
                <p>
 +
                Our product, D-psicose, as a sweetener, has the advantages of high sweetness and low calorie. To collect some information about the current sweetener market, and situation of sugar production, we visit companies related to sugar production. We learned the market demand of sweeteners and transformation of lab-scale achievements to market, and collected professional insights and suggestions on our IGEM project, to better understand the important value and development prospects of D-psicose.
 +
              </p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section1-51">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
              <h3>Global Horticulture (Xi’an) Limited</h3>
 +
              </div>
 +
               <p style="text-align: right;">
 +
                Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China<br>
 +
              A company that produces and sales kiwi-containing beverage.
 +
              </p>
 +
              <div class="row">
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/85/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company1.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/ab/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company2.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>Keypoints of discussion with Manager Zhao:</b>
 +
              </p>
 +
              <ul>
 +
                <li>The potential huge market of D-psicose will rely on people in top cities with healthy diet, or the diabetics, who will prefer to buy healthier D-psicose.</li>
 +
                <li>Chinese people always think of sweetener as a bad additives, which is a potential obstacle for the commercialization of sweetener including D-psicose. More popularizations are needed to make healthy sweeteners acceptable.</li>
 +
              </ul></blockquote>
 +
 
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section1-52">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
              <h3>Xinsheng Jixiang Biological Company</h3>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <p style="text-align: right;">
 +
                Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China<br>
 +
                The company mainly produces enzymatic sugar-containing food products
 +
              </p>
 +
              <div class="row">
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/27/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company3.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7c/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company4.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <blockquote>
 +
                <p><b>
 +
                Keypoints of discussion with Director Tan:</b>
 +
              </p>
 +
             
 +
              <ul>
 +
                <li>D-psicose is advantageous over other sugar substitutes especially in terms of calorie and taste.</li>
 +
                <li>If we want to commercialize our D-psicose in China, the acceptable price is ~20,000 RMB/ton, which means the price of one bottle of D-psicose-containing beverage is ~10 RMB. The visit allows us to better understand market demand and acceptance of D-psicose, which will better improve our products and project.</li>
 +
              </ul>
 +
              </blockquote>
 +
             
 +
              <p>This activity allows us to better understand the needs of the market, which will better improve our products.</p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section1-53">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
              <h3>Yesherb company</h3>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <p style="text-align: right;">
 +
                Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China<br>
 +
                A company produces oligomannose-containing prebiotic products.
 
               </p>
 
               </p>
−
               <p>How to promote the products in the lab to the market, so that more people can benefit from the IGEM project. For this reason, we visited Yesherb, a prebiotic development company that successfully transformed the lab's oligomannose into a terminal product in market.</p>
+
               <blockquote>
−
              Keypoints:
+
                <p><b>Key suggestions about how to transform scientific research into products to market:</b></p>
 
               <ul>
 
               <ul>
−
                 <li>It is important to have a viable new idea. After the argument and repeated modification, the idea begins to enter the experimental stage.</li>
+
                 <li>Ideas goes first before experiment and production.</li>
−
                <li>With the laboratory data, we need seek technology that can transform laboratory data into mass production.</li>
+
 
                 <li>
 
                 <li>
−
                   After having the product, we begin to think about the form in market, advantages of our products and other products the market have.
+
                   Refine lab-scale techniques for large-scale production.
 
                 </li>
 
                 </li>
 
                 <li>
 
                 <li>
−
                   Finally, the operation of the entire market.
+
                  Think more about the market of your products, your advantages and disadvantages
 +
                </li>
 +
                <li>
 +
                   Finally, the operation of the entire production, marketing, sales etc.
 
                 </li>
 
                 </li>
 
               </ul>
 
               </ul>
−
                <p>
+
              </blockquote>
−
                  Visiting Yesherb lets us know how to turn scientific research into products to market, which is very necessary for our product development in the future.
+
−
                </p>
+
 
                 <div class="row">
 
                 <div class="row">
−
                 <div class="col-sm-5">
+
                 <div class="col-sm-6">
−
                   <h2>pic1</h2>
+
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/79/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company5.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
−
                 <div class="col-sm-5">
+
                 <div class="col-sm-6">
−
                   <h2>pic2</h2>
+
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fc/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Company6.png"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
−
 
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
             <div id="section2">
 
             <div id="section2">
−
               <h2>Contact with the Old</h2>
+
               <h2>Benefit the old diabetics</h2>
−
              <br>
+
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
             <div id="section21">
 
             <div id="section21">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 
               <h3>Abstract</h3>
 
               <h3>Abstract</h3>
−
               <p>D-psicose has a certain role in controlling blood sugar and the metabolism of fat.  Therefore, we organized activities in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, community and hospital. we visited elders, and patients to introduce scientific and reasonable eating habits.</p>
+
            </div>
−
              <p>
+
               <p>There are 425 million diabetics all over the world with continuous increasing. What can our project do for the people with diabetes? D-psicose is reported to control blood sugar level which is beneficial for diabetics.  Therefore, We visited the elders in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, Xi’an Jiaotong University community, to collect their problems on medical treatment and daily diet, as well as to popularize our projects about healthy sugar substitutes D-psicose. Our visits and activities will bring warmness to the elders, and also provide some advice that can effectively solve their problems. We also designed and handed out brochures for diabetics after communication with them, to make them have clearer insight into scientific and healthy eating habit. Our projects will benefit and help people who are in need. </p>
−
                In this activity, we not only let the elderly and patients feel the kindness, but also give them advice, which make them have some insight into scientific and reasonable eating habits. In spite of the fact that they may not understand what synthetic biology is, they can benefit from our IGEM project. From this perspective, our activities are very important and necessary. In these activities, we not only understood the problems they face and listened to their thoughts about our projects, but also tried our best to provide some advice that can effectively solve some problem they face
+
             
−
              </p>
+
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
             <div id="section22">
 
             <div id="section22">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 
             <h3>Jinqiu Nursing Home and community</h3>
 
             <h3>Jinqiu Nursing Home and community</h3>
−
            <br>
+
          </div>
−
             <p style="text-align: right;">Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
+
             <p style="text-align: right;">
 +
              Xi’an Jiaotong University community and hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
 
             </p>
 
             </p>
−
             <p>When people become older, diabetes have become common diseases. What we can do for all the people with diabetes? After community and Jinqiu Nursing Home interview, we got a deeper understanding of the real needs of the elder. Finally, we provided brochures written by our team, which covers the problems faced by them.</p>
+
             <blockquote>
−
            Keypoints：
+
            <b>Keypoints</b>
 
             <ul>
 
             <ul>
−
               <li>In the activities, most of the elderly we meted have diabetes.</li>
+
               <li>Most of the elders in the nursing home have diabetes.</li>
−
               <li>With the improvement of living conditions, people's concern for physical health is increasing.</li>
+
               <li> More than half of them usually eat more vegetables and eat less sugar-containing food，pay attention to the level of their blood sugar.</li>
−
              <li>The reasonable diet is important. More than half of the elderly say that they usually eat more vegetables and eat less sugar food，and are very focused on the stability of their blood sugar.</li>
+
              <li>With the improvement of living conditions, people's concern about health is increasing.</li>
−
               <li>Most of people support our project about D-psicose and have a positive attitude. Old people show interest in D-psicose, even support research and development, willing to buy,</li>
+
               <li>Most of people support our project about D-psicose and have a positive attitude towards this healthy sweetener, and willing to buy if it is commercialized.</li>
 +
              <li>We got a deeper understanding of the real needs of the elders.</li>
 +
 
 
             </ul>
 
             </ul>
 +
            </blockquote>
 +
 
             <div class="row">
 
             <div class="row">
−
                 <div class="col-sm-5">
+
                 <div class="col-sm-6">
−
                   <h2>pic1</h2>
+
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/75/T--XJTU-China--HP-elder-3.jpg"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%" />
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
−
                 <div class="col-sm-5">
+
                 <div class="col-sm-6">
−
                   <h2>pic2</h2>
+
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/10/T--XJTU-China--HP-elder-2.jpg"class="mx-auto" style="width: 90%"/>
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
−
              <div id="section23">
+
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section23">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 
                 <h3>Brochure</h3>
 
                 <h3>Brochure</h3>
−
                 <br>
+
                 </div>
−
                 <p>Our project is about the production of D-psicose, which has low calorie and hypoglycemic properties. As is known that diabetes is a worldwide problem and the number of patients with diabetes continues to grow globally.
+
                 <div align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/87/T--XJTU-China--HP-brochure-1.jpg" class="mx-auto" style="width: 55%" /></div>
−
                </p>
+
                  
−
                 <p>
+
                 <blockquote>
−
                  Based on the communication with the elderly and patients, our team designed and wrote brochures for them.
+
                <b>Keypoints</b>
−
                 </p>
+
−
                Keypoints:
+
 
                 <ul>
 
                 <ul>
 
                   <li>
 
                   <li>
−
                     Based on the literature, we summarized eight healthy eating habits and clinical manifestations and hazards of diabetes.
+
                     Based on the literature, we summarize the clinical manifestations and hazards of diabetes and provide eight healthy eating habits.
 
                   </li>
 
                   </li>
 
                   <li>
 
                   <li>
Line 219: Line 490:
 
                   </li>
 
                   </li>
 
                   <li>
 
                   <li>
−
                     The brochure also covers other geriatric diseases such as hypertension, which provides reasonable dietary advice for various geriatric diseases.
+
                     Reasonable dietary advice for other geriatric diseases such as hypertension are also included in out brochure.                  </li>
 +
                  <li>
 +
                    Advantage and value of D-psicose are also introduced in this brochure.
 +
                  </li>
 +
                  <li>
 +
                    The distribution of the brochure makes people have a better understanding of healthy diet and makes more people benefit from our projects.
 
                   </li>
 
                   </li>
−
                  <li>In this brochure, we introduced the Advantage and value of D-psicose we produced.</li>
 
 
                 </ul>
 
                 </ul>
−
                 <p>The distribution of the brochure makes people a better understanding of healthy eating methods and more people benefits from our projects, which has far-reaching implications.</p>
+
                 </blockquote>
−
              </div>
+
 
−
              <div id="section3">
+
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section3">
 
                 <h2>Questionnaire about sweeteners</h2>
 
                 <h2>Questionnaire about sweeteners</h2>
 
                 <br>
 
                 <br>
−
                 <p>To understand the public's perception of sweeteners and predict the future market of our products, D-psicose, we used the online questionnaire to investigate the public, most of which are the young and middle-aged groups.</p>
+
                 <p>Online questionnaire was used to investigate the public's perception about sweeteners and predict the future market of our products, D-psicose. </p>
−
                 <ul>
+
                <p>
−
                   <p>1. Here are some sweeteners, which are you familiar with?</p>
+
                  The pie chart below is the analysis result about some of the questions in the questionnaire.
−
                   <h2>pic1</h2>
+
                </p>
−
                   <p>2. Will you notice the sweetener marked on the package, when you buy food? </p>
+
                              <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse_sweeteners" class="collapsed btn" aria-expanded="false">Show more/less..</a>
−
                   <h2>pic2</h2>
+
              <ol class="list-group collapse" id="collapse_sweeteners" aria-expanded="false" >
−
                   <p>3. Do you know any alternatives to sucrose？</p>
+
                 <li class="list-group-item">
−
                   <h2>pic3</h2>
+
                   <p>1. Here are some sweeteners, which one are you familiar with?</p>
 +
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d5/T--XJTU-China--HP-survey-1.png" class="mx-auto d-block" />
 +
                </li class="list-group-item">
 +
                <li class="list-group-item">
 +
                   <p>2. Will you notice the sweetener marked on the package, when you buy food?</p>
 +
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/5e/T--XJTU-China--HP-survey-2.png" class="mx-auto d-block" />
 +
                </li class="list-group-item">
 +
                <li class="list-group-item">
 +
                   <p>3. Do you know any alternatives to white sugar?</p>
 +
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/6/65/T--XJTU-China--HP-survey-5.png" class="mx-auto d-block" />
 +
                </li class="list-group-item">
 +
                <li class="list-group-item">
 
                   <p>4. Would you mind adding sweeteners to the food?</p>
 
                   <p>4. Would you mind adding sweeteners to the food?</p>
−
                   <h2>pic4</h2>
+
                   <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fa/T--XJTU-China--HP-survey-7.png" class="mx-auto d-block" />
−
                   <p>5. D-psicose is a nature sugar with low energy and good taste. Would you like to add it into your food or drink?</p>
+
                </li class="list-group-item">
−
                 </ul>
+
                <li class="list-group-item">
−
                 <p>For this part，We received a total of 1121 questionnaires. </p>
+
                   <p>5. D-psicose is a nature sugar with low energy and good taste. Would you like to add it into your food or drink?</p>
−
                 <p>After analysis, we found that everyone buys things subjectively without choosing sweeteners, and more than half said they would mind the use of sweeteners. However, they all want their food to have sugar and low energy. </p>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/11/T--XJTU-China--HP-survey-13.png" class="mx-auto d-block" />
−
                 <p>D-psicose is a kind of natural sugar, but less person knows this sugar. This sugar with a sweetness of 70%-80% of sucrose, has very low energy and a good effect on diabetes. So, when we ask, if D-psicose is added to the food, do you want to try. More than half of them choose "Yes". Therefore, we believe that the outlook for D-psicose in food will be very good.</p>
+
                 </li class="list-group-item">
 +
              </ol>
 +
                 <p>We received a total of 1121 questionnaires, and most of our respondents are the young and middle-aged people.</p>
 +
                 <p>After analysis , we found that everyone buys things subjectively without choosing sweeteners. However, more than half said they would mind the use of sweeteners and want their food to have sugar and low energy. </p>
 +
                 <p>D-psicose is a natural and healthy sugar, yet little is known about it by public. This sugar with a sweetness of 70%-80% of sucrose, and with low calorie as well as possible positive effect on diabetes. So, when are asked “do you want to buy if D-psicose is added to the food”, about half of them choose "Yes". Therefore, we believe that D-psicose is promising to be used in food and will have huge market in the future.</p>
 +
            </div>
 +
 
 +
            <div id="section4">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h2>Market analysis summary of D-psicose</h2>
 
               </div>
 
               </div>
−
               <div id="section4"></div>
+
               <p>
 +
                Based on the survey, we summarized the current beverages on the market and counted the sweeteners used in them.
 +
              </p>
 +
              <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#table1" class="collapsed btn" aria-expanded="false">Show or hide the table</a>
 +
              <ol class="list-group collapse" id="table1" aria-expanded="false" >
 +
                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/8f/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-table1.png" class="mx-auto d-block"/>
 +
              </ol>
 +
              <p>Advantages and disadvantages of various sweeteners compared with psicose.  </p>
 +
              <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#table2" class="collapsed btn" aria-expanded="false">Show or hide the table</a>
 +
              <ol class="list-group collapse" id="table2" aria-expanded="false" >
 +
                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/0e/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-table2.png" class="mx-auto margin-left: auto;
 +
      margin-right: auto;" style="width: 90%" />
 +
              </ol>
 +
              <p>
 +
                By investigating the types of sweeteners in different beverages, we found that most soda drinks use a variety of sweeteners and most of the sweeteners currently used are not as sweet as sucrose. Besides, they can cause dangerous side effects to the human body. In contrast, D-psicose has high sweetness, low calories, and no known side effects, which may be a healthy sweetener. This proves that D-psicose has great advantages in entering the market.
 +
              </p>
 +
              <p>
 +
                The price of D-psicose on Amazon is $12.88, while in China, D-psicose is currently not sold as a sweetener. However, according to our company visits, market professionals told us that d-psicose under 20,000 yuan/ton can be accepted by the market. If D-psicose is added to the beverage as a sweetener, a price of 10 yuan/bottle is acceptable in the market.
 +
 
 +
              </p>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section5">
 +
                <h2>Meetups with other iGEM teams</h2>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section51">
 +
                <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h3>Hefei meetup</h3>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <p style="text-align: right">Location: School of life science in USTC, Hefei;
 +
                  <br>
 +
                  Teams: XJTU-China, USTC, BNU, Jilin-China
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p>iGEMers of Jilin-China, USTC, BNU and XJTU-China had a nice meeting in USTC. Each team presented their projects and had an extensive discussion about ideas, collaborations details in experiment and modeling, and competition details etc. We learn how to prepare our project and how to present our ideas from the discussion.</p>
 +
                <div class="row">
 +
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/35/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet1.png" class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />
 +
                  </div>
 +
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/10/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet2.png" class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />   
 +
                  </div>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section52">
 +
                <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h3>CCiC</h3>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <p style="text-align: right">Location: Shanghai;
 +
                  <br>
 +
                  Teams: More than 60 Chinese teams
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p>As a communication platform for Chinese synthetic biology enthusiasts, CCiC develops in reform and innovation during 5 years. The 5th CCiC was hosted by ShanghaiTech University. There are more than 60 teams participated in the conference, with more than 500 people. During the five-day meeting, we met and communicated with other iGEMers, exchanging our ideas and experience. </p>
 +
                <p>
 +
                Meanwhile, Vice President of iGEM Miss Meagan Lizarazo and some experienced advisors thought highly of our projects, and provided us a lot of valuable advice. We benefit a lot from this meeting, and based on the suggestions, we changed our track to “Manufacturing” and focus more on D-psicose.  </p>
 +
                <div class="row">
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/db/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet3.png" class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/92/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet4.png" class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />
 +
                </div>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section53">
 +
                <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h3>Xi'an meetup</h3>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <p style="text-align: right">Location: NPU, Shannxi;
 +
                  <br>
 +
                  Teams: XJTU-China, NPU-China and NWU-China.
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p>This summer, three teams in Shaanxi came together and shared their thoughts in the first stage of the iGEM season. It was a great chance for us to share the sparks we had in brainstorming and the obstacles we met during lab (especially in InterLab, by then), to share the resources we have, and to talk about the experiences we had in building up the team and managing all the experiments
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p>
 +
                  During the meetup, we all shared our conceptions of iGEM projects. After it, NPU and NWU teams have shared their experiences in attending the Giant Jamboree. We have learned some very useful tips in Boston. At last, we shared our thoughts about how to pass our knowledge to younger iGEMers, and how to involve them in our current labs, so that they will be familiar to the protocols when building up a team of themselves.
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p>
 +
                  In summary, it is very important to meet and collaborate with other teams, sharing wonderful ideas and solving the problems together.
 +
                </p>
 +
                <div class="row">
 +
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/58/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet5.png"class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />
 +
                  </div>
 +
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
 +
                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/45/T--XJTU-China--HP-GOLD-Meet6.png"class="mx-auto" style="width:90%" />
 +
                  </div>
 +
                </div>
 +
            </div>
 +
            <div id="section6">
 +
              <div class="page-header">
 +
                <h2>Summary</h2>
 +
              </div>
 +
              <p>
 +
                Our product, D-psicose, can be used as a sweetener and has certain medical value. In order to fully understand it, we have done a lot of related work. The communication with experts offered us a opportunity to deep understand the value of D-psicose. To know more about the current market,we visited several companies .Undoubtly，it is important for us to communicate with the elderly and diabetic patients, ,which let us understand the current market demand. Besides, meeting up with other IGEM teams to exchanges and cooperation has caused us to spark new sparks in the study of D-psicose
 +
              </p>
 
             </div>
 
             </div>
 
           </div>
 
           </div>

Latest revision as of 03:44, 18 October 2018

Silver

In order to improve our projects, we have several interviews with experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Food, to collect information about diabetes, sweeteners, advantage of D-psicose as well as market and possible commercialization of D-psicose. Additionally,we visited the elders in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, Xi’an Jiaotong University community , to collect their problems on medical treatment and daily diet, as well as to popularize our projects about healthy sugar substitutes D-psicose. In our WeChat public account, we not only introduce and promote the IGEM competition concept and our project, we also regularly post scientific articles in synthetic biology to gradually walk the public into life sciences.

Integrated & Gold

Our human practice work is integrated into different stages of the project. To learn about the possibility of D-psicose as a drug for the treatment of diabetes，We had a deep interview with Dr Guo, who is a doctor for diabetes treatment. To collect some information about the current sweetener market, and situation of sugar production, we visit companies related to sugar production. To investigate the public's perception about sweeteners and predict the future market of our products, D-psicose，we have collected over one thousand questionaires.

Public engagement

Public participation is very important given that the IGEM competition is a competition that was born to solve practical problems. We actively joined various communities to involve the public into our project. Social media like Wechat public account, Twitter, and public mailbox are constantly used to communicate with the public and other teams. We also conducted questionnaires for online and offline surveys. In addition, social practice of IGEM competition is including offering lectures on synthetic biology, visiting nursing homes, and handing out health manuals.





Interviews with experts

In order to improve our projects, we have several interviews with experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Food, to collect information about diabetes, sweeteners, advantage of D-psicose as well as market and possible commercialization of D-psicose.

Part I
Diabetes and possible positive effects of D-psicose on diabetes

Prof.Jiankang Liu, Prof.Jiangang Long

Center for Mitochondria Biology and Medicine in Xi’an Jiaotong University

Prof. Liu and Prof. Long are specialists in mitochondria biology and nutrition regulation on aging and metabolic syndrome. We had an interview with them to obtain their professional opinions on nutrition-disorder related diseases and our D-psicose.

Keypoints

  • At present, diabetes is a complex disease, which is difficult to recover just using a single food treatment such as D-psicose-containing food.
  • Our project to enhance activity of key enzyme for D-psicose production by directed evolution and biosensor system has great potential for diabetes treatment.

They suggested that we need to know more about the toxicity and safety of D-psicose. Can it be used as a medicine instead of just as a sweetener? What’s the detailed mechanisms of D-psicose on diabetes and obesity, which are nutrition-disorder related diseases? How about the market and cost for this rare sugar?
Let us find the answers in the following human practice!

Dr. Hui Guo

Director of endocrinology department in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

We had a deep interview with Dr Guo, who is a doctor for diabetes treatment, to learn about the possibility of D-psicose as a drug for the treatment of diabetes.

Keypoints

  • D-psicose is suitable for the treatment of obesity and almost all types of diabetes (multi-site functions), which is very advantageous as a potential drug.
  • Safety of D-psicose is the major concern, and a series of clinical trials is needed before commercialization.
  • Diet control is very important to control blood sugar level and its intakes. A reasonable diet pyramid should be paid attention to for the diabetics.

To learn more, watch the following video.

Prof. Yali Zhang & Dr.Ganqiao Ran

Professor major in food and medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University,
an associate professor in Shaanxi Institute of Bio-Agriculture

Prof. Zhang, who focuses her research on the food and medical mechanism of D-psicose, as well as Dr. Gan-Qiao Ran, who works on medical effects and production of D-psicose, introduced us some reported results about detailed effects of D-psicose.

Keypoints

  • In rodents, D-psicose is known to inhibit digestive enzymes, including alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. D-psicose also inhibits the absorption of glucose from the intestine by competing with glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.
  • In rats, D-psicose-induced hepatic glucokinase has been reported to improve hepatic glucose utilization.
  • Rats fed D-psicose had significantly lower serum insulin and leptin levels. The D-psicose diet significantly reduced liver enzyme activity involved in adipogenesis, while gene expression of fatty acid oxidative transcriptional regulators was enhanced.

From literatures and information gathered from doctors and professors in medicine and food fields, we know that D-psicose can be used for a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. A series of clinical trials is further needed for safety issues. In addition, the market, price, and the current production situation of D-psicose are still needed to be addressed.

Part II
Market and current production of D-psicose, as well as commercialization of D-psicose

Dr.Yuan-Xia Sun

A distinguished research fellow in Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Prof Sun worked in Japan Sugar Research Center which is the pioneer in this field, and she has devoted herself into rare sugar research since then, owning a lot of patents for rare sugars. We conducted an interview with her on the application, market share and production of D-psicose.

Keypoints

  • D-psicose is by far a perfect substitute for sucrose, not only in taste, sweetness, calorie, but also in food processing. The most similar sugar to D-psicose is tagatose, but it is more expensive, and its comprehensive characteristics are not as good as D-psicose.
  • Japan is a pioneer for study of D-psicose, and the three companies to commercialize D-psicose worldwide are Matsutani Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.(JP)，CJ Cheiljedang Crop.(KR) and Tate & Lyle P.L.C (UK)
  • All three commercialized companies for D-psicose use enzymatic production instead of chemical synthesis, which means high activity of key enzyme in D-psicose biosynthesis is essential.
  • D-psicose has been approved by FDA in 2011. FDA-related information shows that D-psicose is sufficiently safe to be used in food. In China it is not approved yet.
  • D-psicose has been industrialized out of China since FDA’s approval, and hundreds of foods have been added with D-psicose as a sweetener.
  • The global market of sugar is more than $10 million per year, of which more than 80% is sucrose. In China, the demand for sucrose is also large and the yield is insufficient.

Thanks to Prof. Sun, it can be concluded that D-psicose is safe to be used in food and has unparalleled advantages over other sugar substitutes! The large sugar market in the world including in China reveals D-psicose will be in a huge demand as a healthy sucrose substitution especially with low production cost. So we are trying to find out the possibility to commercialization of D-psicose in China.

Dr.Shang-Wei Lv

An expert in the transformation of knowledge into practice

We discussed with Dr Lv to explore the possibility of the industrialization of D-psicose to the market as sweetener.

Keypoints

  • Lab-scale production process and techniques are the basis for industrialization.
  • More detailed analysis of cost, price, market share of D-psicose needs to be conducted before commercialization.
  • To start a business, funding, employees, supplies, regulations, property rights issues, etc need to be taken into account, besides techniques.

From Dr. Lv, we have learned that there is still a long way for industrialization of D-psicose, which requires a lot of efforts and collaborations. Our project about directed evolution system of key enzymes for D-psicose and our proposal concerning advantages and market share of D-psicose will also be beneficial to the further commercialization of D-psicose, contributing to a healthier life style.

Part III
iGEM advices

Dr. Terry Johnson

Professor in UC Berkeley, USA

Some of the team members participated in the summer exchange program in UC Berkeley. Therefore, we had a chance to meet Prof. Terry Johnson, a bioengineering professor who was a judge of iGEM and we exchanged some thoughts with him on iGEM project.

He firstly introduced the previous projects of UC Berkeley. One of which was bio-manufacturing of blue fuel, inspired by massive demand of blue dyes in jeans. Followed by how to organize a good story for a project, he guided us to the techniques of presentation, such as how to be attractive, engaging, confident, enthusiastic, and logical. We benefited a lot from him!

Company visits

Our product, D-psicose, as a sweetener, has the advantages of high sweetness and low calorie. To collect some information about the current sweetener market, and situation of sugar production, we visit companies related to sugar production. We learned the market demand of sweeteners and transformation of lab-scale achievements to market, and collected professional insights and suggestions on our IGEM project, to better understand the important value and development prospects of D-psicose.

Global Horticulture (Xi’an) Limited

Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
A company that produces and sales kiwi-containing beverage.

Keypoints of discussion with Manager Zhao:

  • The potential huge market of D-psicose will rely on people in top cities with healthy diet, or the diabetics, who will prefer to buy healthier D-psicose.
  • Chinese people always think of sweetener as a bad additives, which is a potential obstacle for the commercialization of sweetener including D-psicose. More popularizations are needed to make healthy sweeteners acceptable.

Xinsheng Jixiang Biological Company

Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China
The company mainly produces enzymatic sugar-containing food products

Keypoints of discussion with Director Tan:

  • D-psicose is advantageous over other sugar substitutes especially in terms of calorie and taste.
  • If we want to commercialize our D-psicose in China, the acceptable price is ~20,000 RMB/ton, which means the price of one bottle of D-psicose-containing beverage is ~10 RMB. The visit allows us to better understand market demand and acceptance of D-psicose, which will better improve our products and project.

This activity allows us to better understand the needs of the market, which will better improve our products.

Yesherb company

Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
A company produces oligomannose-containing prebiotic products.

Key suggestions about how to transform scientific research into products to market:

  • Ideas goes first before experiment and production.
  • Refine lab-scale techniques for large-scale production.
  • Think more about the market of your products, your advantages and disadvantages
  • Finally, the operation of the entire production, marketing, sales etc.

Benefit the old diabetics

Abstract

There are 425 million diabetics all over the world with continuous increasing. What can our project do for the people with diabetes? D-psicose is reported to control blood sugar level which is beneficial for diabetics. Therefore, We visited the elders in Xi'an Jinqiu Nursing Home, Xi’an Jiaotong University community, to collect their problems on medical treatment and daily diet, as well as to popularize our projects about healthy sugar substitutes D-psicose. Our visits and activities will bring warmness to the elders, and also provide some advice that can effectively solve their problems. We also designed and handed out brochures for diabetics after communication with them, to make them have clearer insight into scientific and healthy eating habit. Our projects will benefit and help people who are in need.

Jinqiu Nursing Home and community

Xi’an Jiaotong University community and hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China

Keypoints
  • Most of the elders in the nursing home have diabetes.
  • More than half of them usually eat more vegetables and eat less sugar-containing food，pay attention to the level of their blood sugar.
  • With the improvement of living conditions, people's concern about health is increasing.
  • Most of people support our project about D-psicose and have a positive attitude towards this healthy sweetener, and willing to buy if it is commercialized.
  • We got a deeper understanding of the real needs of the elders.

Brochure

Keypoints
  • Based on the literature, we summarize the clinical manifestations and hazards of diabetes and provide eight healthy eating habits.
  • Based on the current lifestyle of elders and diabetics, we proposed correct dietary recommendations.
  • Reasonable dietary advice for other geriatric diseases such as hypertension are also included in out brochure.
  • Advantage and value of D-psicose are also introduced in this brochure.
  • The distribution of the brochure makes people have a better understanding of healthy diet and makes more people benefit from our projects.

Questionnaire about sweeteners


Online questionnaire was used to investigate the public's perception about sweeteners and predict the future market of our products, D-psicose.

The pie chart below is the analysis result about some of the questions in the questionnaire.

We received a total of 1121 questionnaires, and most of our respondents are the young and middle-aged people.

After analysis , we found that everyone buys things subjectively without choosing sweeteners. However, more than half said they would mind the use of sweeteners and want their food to have sugar and low energy.

D-psicose is a natural and healthy sugar, yet little is known about it by public. This sugar with a sweetness of 70%-80% of sucrose, and with low calorie as well as possible positive effect on diabetes. So, when are asked “do you want to buy if D-psicose is added to the food”, about half of them choose "Yes". Therefore, we believe that D-psicose is promising to be used in food and will have huge market in the future.

Market analysis summary of D-psicose

Based on the survey, we summarized the current beverages on the market and counted the sweeteners used in them.

Advantages and disadvantages of various sweeteners compared with psicose.

By investigating the types of sweeteners in different beverages, we found that most soda drinks use a variety of sweeteners and most of the sweeteners currently used are not as sweet as sucrose. Besides, they can cause dangerous side effects to the human body. In contrast, D-psicose has high sweetness, low calories, and no known side effects, which may be a healthy sweetener. This proves that D-psicose has great advantages in entering the market.

The price of D-psicose on Amazon is $12.88, while in China, D-psicose is currently not sold as a sweetener. However, according to our company visits, market professionals told us that d-psicose under 20,000 yuan/ton can be accepted by the market. If D-psicose is added to the beverage as a sweetener, a price of 10 yuan/bottle is acceptable in the market.

Meetups with other iGEM teams

Hefei meetup

Location: School of life science in USTC, Hefei;
Teams: XJTU-China, USTC, BNU, Jilin-China

iGEMers of Jilin-China, USTC, BNU and XJTU-China had a nice meeting in USTC. Each team presented their projects and had an extensive discussion about ideas, collaborations details in experiment and modeling, and competition details etc. We learn how to prepare our project and how to present our ideas from the discussion.

CCiC

Location: Shanghai;
Teams: More than 60 Chinese teams

As a communication platform for Chinese synthetic biology enthusiasts, CCiC develops in reform and innovation during 5 years. The 5th CCiC was hosted by ShanghaiTech University. There are more than 60 teams participated in the conference, with more than 500 people. During the five-day meeting, we met and communicated with other iGEMers, exchanging our ideas and experience.

Meanwhile, Vice President of iGEM Miss Meagan Lizarazo and some experienced advisors thought highly of our projects, and provided us a lot of valuable advice. We benefit a lot from this meeting, and based on the suggestions, we changed our track to “Manufacturing” and focus more on D-psicose.

Xi'an meetup

Location: NPU, Shannxi;
Teams: XJTU-China, NPU-China and NWU-China.

This summer, three teams in Shaanxi came together and shared their thoughts in the first stage of the iGEM season. It was a great chance for us to share the sparks we had in brainstorming and the obstacles we met during lab (especially in InterLab, by then), to share the resources we have, and to talk about the experiences we had in building up the team and managing all the experiments

During the meetup, we all shared our conceptions of iGEM projects. After it, NPU and NWU teams have shared their experiences in attending the Giant Jamboree. We have learned some very useful tips in Boston. At last, we shared our thoughts about how to pass our knowledge to younger iGEMers, and how to involve them in our current labs, so that they will be familiar to the protocols when building up a team of themselves.

In summary, it is very important to meet and collaborate with other teams, sharing wonderful ideas and solving the problems together.

Summary

Our product, D-psicose, can be used as a sweetener and has certain medical value. In order to fully understand it, we have done a lot of related work. The communication with experts offered us a opportunity to deep understand the value of D-psicose. To know more about the current market,we visited several companies .Undoubtly，it is important for us to communicate with the elderly and diabetic patients, ,which let us understand the current market demand. Besides, meeting up with other IGEM teams to exchanges and cooperation has caused us to spark new sparks in the study of D-psicose

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