Carotene Extraction Protocol.pdf
Carotene Identify Protocol.pdf
Carotene Production Protocol.pdf
Molecular Cloning Plasmid extraction DNA electrophoresis DNA clean.pdf
Molecular Cloning Protocol DNA recombanation.pdf
Cloning Protocol E.coli transformation.pdf
Molecular Cloning Protocol PCR.pdf
Yeast Transformation Protocol.pdf
Confirmed project plan.
Prepared experiment equipment and reagents.
Molecular cloning test.
Yeast transformation test.
As the model predicts, the concentration of components and the interaction strength affect the kinetics of phase separation. First we controlled the expression levels of components by using several stable or inducible promoters and observe the system's behavior. We found that the formation of organelles happened in specific promoter combinations and can be controlled by inducible promoters. The analysis result does not only fit well with the simulation, but provides potential methods to control the organelles in applications.
Figure2 (a) Phase diagram of a phase separation system with three components(simulation). To fit our system, the x-axis and the y-axis stands for the two components in the granules. The asymmetry comes from the assumption that the two components have different interactions with water. (b) Fluorescence movies of different promoter combinations of FKBP-Frb mediated system after adding rapamycin. Only in specific combinations, synthetic organelles can be formed by phase separation. (c) The formation process of SUMO-SIM mediated synthetic organelles can be controlled by inducible promoters. While the expression of Tet07-SIM-mCherry-HoTag6 is induced by dox gradually, the granules will occur abruptly in some time.
The strength of interaction modules can be also controlled. In the rapamycin-induced organelle system, changing the concentration of rapamycin will affect the apparent value of K, a parameter reflecting the interaction strength in our model. In a gradient rapamycin-inducing experiment, the delay time from adding inducer to granules formation was found to be shorter when concentration of rapamycin increases. So we have confirmed the influence of two parameters in models and increased the flexibility of our synthetic organelles.
Figure3 (a) A simulation of organelle formation process in different interaction strength of components. (b) The speed of FKBP-Frb mediated organelle formation increases with the increasing concentration of rapamycin.
Since SPOT can form in the cell and be controlled, we go further to consider the functions of SPOT. The functions of SPOT can be descripted in three catalogs: Spatial segmentation, Sensor and metabolic regulation. We verified the spatial segmentation with the condensation of substrates, also we can load the protein we want by fusing it with nanobody. We then verified the sensor with detecting rapamycin and ABA, which shows strong relativity between the concentration and the proportion of yeasts with SPOT. To find the law behind metabolism in the SPOT, we fuse the enzymes that can produce β-carotene into SPOT and measure the difference between with or without SPOT in produce of β-carotene.
SPOT has been well verified and has various functions. And in the future, this modular system will have great potential in science and practice using. SPOT can change the modules to gain more different properties like diverse inducing method, we can also use it as a platform and then load other protein with some interactions like the interaction between nanobody and GFP. What’s more, we might have the ability to form differernt SPOTs in the cell and regulate them respectively. The functions of SPOT can also diverse. We can build a real time sensor for molecule in living cells to monitoring the concentration changing in environment or in cells. More metabolism pathway can be test in SPOT and we will find some laws of the function of regulate the metabolism. To be summary, more achievement is coming true with SPOT.