Difference between revisions of "Team:IIT Delhi/Attributions"

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   <div class="caption">
     <span class="border" >UNESP Brazil</span>
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     <span class="border" >Text anyone?</span>
 
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   </div>
 
</div>
 
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<div style="color: #777;background-color:white;text-align:center;padding:50px 80px;text-align: justify;">
 
   
 
   
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  <p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814001 = pLTL
 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
 +
      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"> The pLTL (Lac-Tet-Lac) is a hybrid promoter. It is a promoter composed of the operator sequences of pTet and the pLac promoter. There are multiple benefits of using the pLTL promoter.
 +
</p>
 +
   
 +
      <ul style="font-size:20px;" >
 +
      <li style="font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">The hybrid pLTL shows almost complete repression on being repressed, and on induction (by IPTG and/or aTc), the hybrid pLTL promoter shows a 1.4-2 times higher expression.</li>
 +
      <li style="font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">The hybrid pLTL promoter also permits flexible gene expression because it can be utilized under either or both repression controls (LacI and TetR) simultaneously.</li>
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 +
    </ul>
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<br>
  
<p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/dc/T--IIT_Delhi--UNESP_Brazil.png" alt="Smiley face" style="float:right;width:600px;margin:15px">
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814008 = rrnB T1 Terminator + T7Te Terminator
We collaborated with iGEM UNESP Brazil is working on the subject of <b>Engineered Probiotics Around the World.</b>
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    <br>
<br>The goal of the collaboration was to understand about the GMO legislation around the world and if there already is any regulations about engineered probiotics and if there are clinical trials or companies using engineered probiotics in these countries. This work was done in collaboration with teams Chalmers-Gothenburg, IIT Delhi, Jiangnan China, TecCEM and Lambert. We were grateful that they reached out to us. It was really interesting to learn about probiotics marketed in various countries, high tech startups working in the field of probiotics and recent clinical trials across the world that provide critical insight into a topic that has been of much importance recently. The data from the collaboration is given below,<br>
+
      </p>
 +
      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"> Our part is double terminator composed of rrnB T1 Terminator(BBa B0010) and T7 Te Terminator(BBa B0012). Both of these are forward terminators that are extensively used in E. coli.
 +
</p>
 +
<br>
  
<b>China</b><br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814009 = mKate2
In China, there is no regulation for genetically engineered probiotics, the present tests in the country approach pathogenic potential, and patronized standards for food evaluation. No companies or clinical trials that use engineered probiotics has come to our knowledge.<br>
+
  
<b>India</b><br>
+
    <br>
In India, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) in partnership with DBT (Department of Biotechnology), created an official guide to evaluate probiotics in the country, so any probiotic product needs to be on this guide´s pattern to be released in the market.<br>
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      </p>
Before being approved and released, food is submitted to standardized tests for identification and characterization of its new chains, such as PCR, in vitro tests mimicking the gut environment, in vivo testing to check the effectiveness in live animals, safety assessment for human use, evaluation of efficacy in humans, also there are standards patterns that need to be followed for the process of food packing and management.<br>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"> Mkate2 - mKate2 is a red fluorescent protein derived from Entacmaea quadricolor.  It possesses fluorescence with excitation maxima at 588 nm and emission maxima at 588 and 633 nm, mKate2 is almost 3-fold brighter than mKate. mKate2 can be used in   labelling applications along with blue, cyan, green, yellow, and red fluorescent dyes. Its high pH-stability with pKa=5.4 makes it useful for imaging in acidic organelles, such as late and recycling endosomes and lysosomes.
Currently, the probiotic market in India is dominated by multinationals, which mainly commercialize fermented food products. No companies or clinical trials that use engineered probiotics has come to our knowledge.<br>
+
  
<b>Mexico</b><br>
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</p>
In Mexico, all food that has been processed or produced by genetically modified organisms are considered transgenic, but food containing GM or transgenic compounds are not identified, even though there are biosecurity laws and norms for regulation, such as SEP, CIBIOGEM, SAGARPA, SEMARNAT, SHCP and the Federal Law for Protection of the Consumer.<br>
+
<br>
In terms of the norm, the Official Mexican, Norm NOM-056-FITO-1995, is in force and regulates everything related to GM mobilization in the country, so all public and private company must fulfill the requirements in the norm to have their food with genetically engineered compounds transit through Mexico. Furthermore, the law of Biosecurity of GMO and the Federal Law for Protection of the Consumer controls the release for consumption and commercialization of pilot projects besides regulating importation and exportation of GM in the country. No companies or clinical trials that use engineered probiotics has come to our knowledge.<br>
+
  
<b>Sweden</b><br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814010 = rrnB T1 Terminator
In Sweden every substance or combination of substances that is provided under the pretense that it has a preventative or therapeutic effect on diseases in humans or animals states for a pharmaceutical, which is regulated by the Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA). When this kind of probiotic is been prepared to be released the Swedish Gene Technology Advisory Board and the Swedish National Council of Medical Ethics are often involved and give out statements and input in regards to the applications for clinical trials. There all pharmaceuticals that contain any modified organism need to be labeled with “This product contains (a) genetically modified organism(s)”, and all of the trials regarding GM pharmaceuticals are posted on the Swedish Medical Products Agency’s website. In Europe, the following company working with engineered probiotics has come to our knowledge: ActoBio Therapeutics (part of Intrexon) in Belgium.<br>
+
  
<b>United States</b><br>
+
    <br>
Engineered probiotics are not regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, as they are neither a food nor a drug. As a result, they currently do not require large clinical trials like other drugs in America.
+
      </p>
The following companies working with engineered probiotics has come to our knowledge: Azitra, Synlogic and ZBiotics.<br>
+
    <br>
 
+
 
+
<b>Brazil</b><br>  
+
There exists no law that regulates genetically engineered probiotics, but in 2018 ANVISA, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency, opened up the public consultation and now genetically engineered probiotics were added to the regulation. Besides, there is no companies or clinical trials that use engineered probiotics.
+
With this research, we were able to see that there is a growing movement of engineered probiotics mostly in the U.S., but that there still is a lack of laws and regulation all over the world to regulate these products before they can reach the market and the final consumers.<br>
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</p>
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<div class="bgimg-2">
 
<div class="bgimg-2">
 
   <div class="caption">
 
   <div class="caption">
     <span class="border" >Shiv Nadar University</span>
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     <span class="border" >Text anyone?</span>
 
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<p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/9f/T--IIT_Delhi--shiv.png" alt="Smiley face" style="float:right;width:600px;margin:15px">
 
Genesis, The Life Sciences Department of Shiv Nadar University is interested in setting up an iGEM team for 2019. We are currently mentoring them after they reached out to us through our social media accounts. We had an illuminating mentoring session with them in this aspect where we discussed in detail the prerequisites for participating in iGEM competition as well as a discussion regarding Human Practices, Safety, Funding, iBEC and Track selection. It was a great experience for both the teams. We wish Team Shiv Nadar best of luck for their future endeavors and look forward to work alongside them in the coming year. </p>
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 +
<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814007 = sfGFP_ssrA
 +
 +
 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
 +
      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Our part consists of sfGFP appended with a ssrA(LVA) deg-tag. It has been codon optimised for E. coli.  This part is useful as it has high intensity as compared to other gfp variants as well as faster degradation rates and shorter reporter lifetimes.
 +
 +
 +
</p>
 +
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<p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Superfolder GFP is a basic (constitutively fluorescent) green fluorescent protein derived from Aequorea victoria. It has an emission wavelength of 510 nm and excitation wavelength of 485nm. It has a robust folding characteristic. The superfolder mutations also make the folding of GFP tolerant of mutations that would otherwise reduce the folding yield of GFP.
 +
 +
 +
</p>
 +
 +
<p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Our ssrA degtag is the gfp(LVA) that has a single (A → G) point mutation in nucleotide 349, resulting in an Asp117 → Gly117 (D117G) amino acid change. This point mutation does not appear to change the fluorescence spectrum of gfp(LVA). The LVA tag has been reported to lead to fast protein degradation, degrading GFP with rate -0.018 per minute. This corresponds to in vivo half-lives of mature Gfp(LVA) of approximately 40 min.
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</p>
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<p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">References</p>
 +
<ol style="font-size: 20px;">
 +
 +
<li style="font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Pédelacq JD, Cabantous S, Tran T, Terwilliger TC, Waldo GS. Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein. Nature biotechnology. 2006 Jan;24(1):79.</li>
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 +
<li style="font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Andersen, J. B. et al. New unstable variants of green fluorescent protein for studies of transient gene expression in bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2240–6 (1998).
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</li>
 +
 +
 +
  </ol>
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<br>
 +
 +
<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814011 = attP TP901-1
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 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">AttP TP901-1 - It is the AttP site of TP901-1 integrase (serine based recombinase enzyme). TP901-1 integrase is an enzyme that has been isolated from TP901-1 phage. It is responsible for catalysing site-specific recombination at AttP and AttB sites. The recombination mechanism depends on the orientation of the AttP and AttB sites. These enzymes help the virus integrate its DNA into the bacterial genome. TP901-1 is widely used in the construction of logic gates and modification of DNA sequences.
 +
 +
 +
</p>
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 +
<br>
 +
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814012 = BxbI Integrase + ssrA(LVA) deg tag
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 +
 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">BxbI Integrase triggers attP × attB recombination. The product of attP × attB recombination is an integrated prophage flanked by two new recombination sites, attL and attR, each containing half sites derived from attP and attB. In the absence of accessory factors the integrases mediate unidirectional recombination between attP and attB with greater than 80% efficiency. In the presence of a phage-encoded accessory protein, the recombination directionality factor (RDF) the attP × attB recombination is inhibited and the attL × attR recombination is stimulated.
 +
Bxb1 integrase yields approximately two-fold more recombinants  and displays about two fold less damage to the recombination sites than other phage-encoded serine integrases.
 +
 +
Our BxbI Integrase has a ssrA deg tag attached to it for faster degradation rates.
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814013 = attB TP901-1
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    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">AttB TP901-1 -  It is the AttB site of TP901-1 integrase (serine based recombinase enzyme). TP901-1 integrase is an enzyme that has been isolated from TP901-1 phage. It is responsible for catalysing site-specific recombination at AttP and AttB sites. The recombination mechanism depends on the orientation of the AttP and AttB sites. These enzymes help the virus integrate its DNA into the bacterial genome. TP901-1 is widely used in the construction of logic gates and changing DNA sequence.
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814014 = complement of B0034, RBS on the antisense strand, twin exists
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     <span class="border">iGEM LabPats</span>
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     <span class="border">Some random text </span>
 
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814015 = pLac(lambda) hybrid
  
      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a0/T--IIT_Delhi--LabPats.png" alt="Smiley face" style="float:left;height:700px;margin:15px">During the summers, we had a skype session with iGEM Labpats - a student team from Carroll High School, U.S.A. We talked about our project and exchanged design ideas. We discussed the possible ways in which human practices could be conducted in an impactful manner. The discussion was really stimulating and gave us some great ideas for our human practices. iGEM IIT Delhi being a collegiate team was amazed to see the dedication of these school students. We wish them our best in their future endeavors. </p>
 
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    <span class="border">InterLab Troubleshooting</span>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">pLac - Lambda hybrid - is a hybrid promoter consisting of Lac and Lambda operator sites in the core region. This hybrid promoter can be induced in the presence of  IPTG or
  </div>
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</p>
</div>
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<br>
  
<div style="position:relative;">
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814017 = attP Bxb1
  <div style="color: #777;background-color:white;text-align:center;padding:50px 80px;text-align: justify;">
+
  
      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;"> We faced some problems during our InterLab characterization, our absorbance at 600nm for silica beads at high dilutions didn't follow the trend. Upon which, we discussed the problem on All India iGEM group, where the teams gave us multiple suggestions and shared their protocols by which we were able to obtain our results as deisred by iGEM. Hence, we would like to express our gratitude towards the Indian iGEM teams.
 
 
</p>
 
 
 
  
 +
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    <br>
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      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">AttP Bxb1 - It is the AttP site of Bxb1 integrase (Serine based recombinase). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of toggle switches.
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814018 = attB Bxb1
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 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">AttB Bxb1 - It is the AttB site of Bxb1 integrase (Serine based recombinase). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of logic gates.
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 +
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814019 = P7 Promoter
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    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Constitutive P7 promoter - It is the complement of the constitutive P7 promoter so as to initiate transcription in the reverse direction. 
 +
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814021 = BxbI-Xis  + ssrA(LVA) deg tag------------
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 +
    <br>
 +
      </p>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">Xis-BxbI_ssrA deg tag - Consists of bxb1 excisionase followed by ssrA degradation tag. Bxb1-Xis  catalyses the conversion of AttL and AttR sites to AttP and AttB sites when expressed with Bxb1 integrase, thereby reverting the recombination caused by integrase. ssrA deg tag degrades the Bxb1-Xis formed as an increase in the amount of excisionase renders the system inefficient. This property allows Bxb1 to be used in the construction of logic gates.
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</p>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;font-weight:700;">BBa_K2814022 = attB BxbI (reverse orientation)
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    <br>
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      <p style="font-size:20px;font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;font-weight:400;">AttB-BxbI (Reverse Orientation) - Contains AttB site of Bxb1 integrase in the reverse orientation (Reverse of  BBa_K2814018). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of logic gates.
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</p>
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<br>
  
  
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         <div  style="background-color: #555;color:black;font-size: 35px;text-align: center;font-family: sans-serif;"><h4 style="color: white">Contact us</h4></div>
             <div style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: -136px;"><h4 style="font-size: 50px;"><u class="fx" style="cursor: pointer;text-align: center">Address</u></h4><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px">Undergraduate Laboratory<br>
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Department of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, IIT Delhi</p>  
 
Department of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, IIT Delhi</p>  
 
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Revision as of 01:11, 17 October 2018

iGEM IIT Delhi

Text anyone?

BBa_K2814001 = pLTL

The pLTL (Lac-Tet-Lac) is a hybrid promoter. It is a promoter composed of the operator sequences of pTet and the pLac promoter. There are multiple benefits of using the pLTL promoter.

  • The hybrid pLTL shows almost complete repression on being repressed, and on induction (by IPTG and/or aTc), the hybrid pLTL promoter shows a 1.4-2 times higher expression.
  • The hybrid pLTL promoter also permits flexible gene expression because it can be utilized under either or both repression controls (LacI and TetR) simultaneously.

BBa_K2814008 = rrnB T1 Terminator + T7Te Terminator

Our part is double terminator composed of rrnB T1 Terminator(BBa B0010) and T7 Te Terminator(BBa B0012). Both of these are forward terminators that are extensively used in E. coli.


BBa_K2814009 = mKate2

Mkate2 - mKate2 is a red fluorescent protein derived from Entacmaea quadricolor. It possesses fluorescence with excitation maxima at 588 nm and emission maxima at 588 and 633 nm, mKate2 is almost 3-fold brighter than mKate. mKate2 can be used in labelling applications along with blue, cyan, green, yellow, and red fluorescent dyes. Its high pH-stability with pKa=5.4 makes it useful for imaging in acidic organelles, such as late and recycling endosomes and lysosomes.


BBa_K2814010 = rrnB T1 Terminator


Text anyone?

BBa_K2814007 = sfGFP_ssrA

Our part consists of sfGFP appended with a ssrA(LVA) deg-tag. It has been codon optimised for E. coli. This part is useful as it has high intensity as compared to other gfp variants as well as faster degradation rates and shorter reporter lifetimes.

Superfolder GFP is a basic (constitutively fluorescent) green fluorescent protein derived from Aequorea victoria. It has an emission wavelength of 510 nm and excitation wavelength of 485nm. It has a robust folding characteristic. The superfolder mutations also make the folding of GFP tolerant of mutations that would otherwise reduce the folding yield of GFP.

Our ssrA degtag is the gfp(LVA) that has a single (A → G) point mutation in nucleotide 349, resulting in an Asp117 → Gly117 (D117G) amino acid change. This point mutation does not appear to change the fluorescence spectrum of gfp(LVA). The LVA tag has been reported to lead to fast protein degradation, degrading GFP with rate -0.018 per minute. This corresponds to in vivo half-lives of mature Gfp(LVA) of approximately 40 min.

References

  1. Pédelacq JD, Cabantous S, Tran T, Terwilliger TC, Waldo GS. Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein. Nature biotechnology. 2006 Jan;24(1):79.
  2. Andersen, J. B. et al. New unstable variants of green fluorescent protein for studies of transient gene expression in bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2240–6 (1998).

BBa_K2814011 = attP TP901-1

AttP TP901-1 - It is the AttP site of TP901-1 integrase (serine based recombinase enzyme). TP901-1 integrase is an enzyme that has been isolated from TP901-1 phage. It is responsible for catalysing site-specific recombination at AttP and AttB sites. The recombination mechanism depends on the orientation of the AttP and AttB sites. These enzymes help the virus integrate its DNA into the bacterial genome. TP901-1 is widely used in the construction of logic gates and modification of DNA sequences.


BBa_K2814012 = BxbI Integrase + ssrA(LVA) deg tag

BxbI Integrase triggers attP × attB recombination. The product of attP × attB recombination is an integrated prophage flanked by two new recombination sites, attL and attR, each containing half sites derived from attP and attB. In the absence of accessory factors the integrases mediate unidirectional recombination between attP and attB with greater than 80% efficiency. In the presence of a phage-encoded accessory protein, the recombination directionality factor (RDF) the attP × attB recombination is inhibited and the attL × attR recombination is stimulated. Bxb1 integrase yields approximately two-fold more recombinants and displays about two fold less damage to the recombination sites than other phage-encoded serine integrases. Our BxbI Integrase has a ssrA deg tag attached to it for faster degradation rates.


BBa_K2814013 = attB TP901-1

AttB TP901-1 - It is the AttB site of TP901-1 integrase (serine based recombinase enzyme). TP901-1 integrase is an enzyme that has been isolated from TP901-1 phage. It is responsible for catalysing site-specific recombination at AttP and AttB sites. The recombination mechanism depends on the orientation of the AttP and AttB sites. These enzymes help the virus integrate its DNA into the bacterial genome. TP901-1 is widely used in the construction of logic gates and changing DNA sequence.


BBa_K2814014 = complement of B0034, RBS on the antisense strand, twin exists


Some random text

BBa_K2814015 = pLac(lambda) hybrid

pLac - Lambda hybrid - is a hybrid promoter consisting of Lac and Lambda operator sites in the core region. This hybrid promoter can be induced in the presence of IPTG or


BBa_K2814017 = attP Bxb1

AttP Bxb1 - It is the AttP site of Bxb1 integrase (Serine based recombinase). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of toggle switches.


BBa_K2814018 = attB Bxb1

AttB Bxb1 - It is the AttB site of Bxb1 integrase (Serine based recombinase). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of logic gates.


BBa_K2814019 = P7 Promoter

Constitutive P7 promoter - It is the complement of the constitutive P7 promoter so as to initiate transcription in the reverse direction.


BBa_K2814021 = BxbI-Xis + ssrA(LVA) deg tag------------

Xis-BxbI_ssrA deg tag - Consists of bxb1 excisionase followed by ssrA degradation tag. Bxb1-Xis catalyses the conversion of AttL and AttR sites to AttP and AttB sites when expressed with Bxb1 integrase, thereby reverting the recombination caused by integrase. ssrA deg tag degrades the Bxb1-Xis formed as an increase in the amount of excisionase renders the system inefficient. This property allows Bxb1 to be used in the construction of logic gates.


BBa_K2814022 = attB BxbI (reverse orientation)

AttB-BxbI (Reverse Orientation) - Contains AttB site of Bxb1 integrase in the reverse orientation (Reverse of BBa_K2814018). Bxb1 integrase carries out site-specific recombination by catalysing unidirectional recombination to produce AttL and AttR sites from AttP and AttB. This switching capacity allows them to be used in the design of logic gates.


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Department of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, IIT Delhi