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                    <p class="georgia">Welcome to our website</p>
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                    <h1>We are newave</h1>
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                    <a href="#we-are-newave" class="newave-button medium white outline">See What we do</a>
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                     <h1>Peking 2018</h1>
 
                     <h1>Peking 2018</h1>
                     <p class="title1" style="text-align:center">Welcome to Peking 2018!</p>
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                     <h1>Synthetic Organelles</h1>
               
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                    <font size="6" color="gray">Synthetic Phase separation-based Organelle Platform (SPOT)</font>
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                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">Only after coacervate droplets form and organic molecules condense inside, can a completely different environment be attained within, thus enabling the emergence of bio-macromolecules, or in other words, making life possible.In highly-evolved cells, compartmentalization is mainly achieved by different organelles, i.e. mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, etc. They play three major roles: isolation, special environment and localization.</p>
 
                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">Only after coacervate droplets form and organic molecules condense inside, can a completely different environment be attained within, thus enabling the emergence of bio-macromolecules, or in other words, making life possible.In highly-evolved cells, compartmentalization is mainly achieved by different organelles, i.e. mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, etc. They play three major roles: isolation, special environment and localization.</p>
 
                                      
 
                                      
                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">Intuitively, for an organelle to remain a stable compartment, it requires a material boundary, or more precisely, a membrane. Membrane-bound organelles are indeed common and stable, but from the perspective of synthesis, they are way too complicated. However, there are also non-membrane-bound organelles, for instance, stress granules, P granules and nucleoli. More importantly, their formation is guided by simple physical principles. Then came the question how can we synthesize membrane-less organelles.</p>
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                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">Intuitively, for an organelle to remain a stable compartment, it requires a material boundary, or more precisely, a membrane. Membrane-bound organelles are indeed common and stable, but from the perspective of synthesis, they are way too complicated. However, there are also non-membrane-bound organelles, for instance, stress granules, P granules and nucleoli. More importantly, their formation is guided by simple physical principles. Then comes the question how we can synthesize membrane-less organelles.</p>
 
                                      
 
                                      
 
                                
 
                                
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                                                                 <div class="texttitle">Principles and design</div>  
 
                                                                 <div class="texttitle">Principles and design</div>  
 
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                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">There are a large number of phase separation phenomena in cells, which can be summarized by the principle that interaction and multivalence are two preconditions of phase separation in cells. Based on this principle, we used SUMO-SIM, FKBP-Frb, and similar interacting pairs as interaction modules to provide diverse induction of the condensation, while we fused homo-oligomeric tags (HOTags) to introduce multivalency. We named our system SPOT (Synthetic Phase separation-based Organelle Platform) because it can form granules in yeast (we can see fluorescent spots in yeast under the microscope).</p>                               
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                                     <p class="lead add-bottom" style="color:#5E5656">There are a large number of phase separation phenomena in cells, which can be summarized by the principle that interaction and multivalence are two preconditions of phase separation in cells. Based on this principle, we used SUMO-SIM, FKBP-Frb, and similar interacting pairs as interaction modules to provide diverse induction of the condensation, while we fused homo-oligomeric tags (HOTags) to introduce multivalency. We named our system <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Peking/Design">SPOT (Synthetic Phase separation-based Organelle Platform)</a> because it can form granules in yeast (we can see fluorescent spots in yeast under the microscope).</p>                               
 
                                      
 
                                      
 
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                         <li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Peking">Home</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:indigomad@pku.edu.cn">Contact</a></li>
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                         <li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Peking">Home</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:pekingigem2018@126.com">Contact</a></li>
 
                         <span> &copy;2018 PEKING IGEM. All Rights Reserved.</span>
 
                         <span> &copy;2018 PEKING IGEM. All Rights Reserved.</span>
 
                         <li><a href="http://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/">Based on Bootstrap</a></li>
 
                         <li><a href="http://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/">Based on Bootstrap</a></li>

Latest revision as of 01:11, 18 October 2018

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Peking 2018

Synthetic Organelles

Synthetic Phase separation-based Organelle Platform (SPOT)
Background and motivation

Ever since the beginning of life, compartmentalization has been playing a crucial role in biological systems. The famous Miller-Urey experiment shows that inorganic molecules can be transformed into organic substances under extreme conditions, for example, lightnings. However, homogeneously distributed organic matter is not enough for life to emerge. It is almost impossible that all conditions are appropriate for life in the entire primordial soup. That is where the compartments come in.

Only after coacervate droplets form and organic molecules condense inside, can a completely different environment be attained within, thus enabling the emergence of bio-macromolecules, or in other words, making life possible.In highly-evolved cells, compartmentalization is mainly achieved by different organelles, i.e. mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, etc. They play three major roles: isolation, special environment and localization.

Intuitively, for an organelle to remain a stable compartment, it requires a material boundary, or more precisely, a membrane. Membrane-bound organelles are indeed common and stable, but from the perspective of synthesis, they are way too complicated. However, there are also non-membrane-bound organelles, for instance, stress granules, P granules and nucleoli. More importantly, their formation is guided by simple physical principles. Then comes the question how we can synthesize membrane-less organelles.

Principles and design

There are a large number of phase separation phenomena in cells, which can be summarized by the principle that interaction and multivalence are two preconditions of phase separation in cells. Based on this principle, we used SUMO-SIM, FKBP-Frb, and similar interacting pairs as interaction modules to provide diverse induction of the condensation, while we fused homo-oligomeric tags (HOTags) to introduce multivalency. We named our system SPOT (Synthetic Phase separation-based Organelle Platform) because it can form granules in yeast (we can see fluorescent spots in yeast under the microscope).

SPOT construction and verification

We tested different interaction modules to construct the synthetic organelles and then modeled our system according to the theory of phase separation. As this model predicts, different promoters alter the features and kinetics of our system, which was also validated by the experiments.

Functions of synthetic organelles

We verified the feasibility of several potential functions, both theoretically and experimentally, including reaction compartment, sensor, etc. In the future, by replacing functional modules with other parts, this system can be reprogrammed to conduct functions not included in the current project.