Latest revision as of 01:25, 18 October 2018

Model

Prediction of Metabolism

Achievement Purpose Method CO₂ uptake CO₂ metabolism Analysis References

Achievement

Figure out how much CO₂ uptake into the E.coli to make our project more effective.

We will realize how much carbon we can fix in our project.

In order to achieve these two goals, we try to figure out three main questions：

Purpose

We aim to develop the biological model to make our experimental data more useful, even more effective to achieve the optimization parameters in the model. Therefore, we can save time to try and error on doing experiment. After that, we analyze the rate of production and consumption. In this way, we can calculate the amount of CO₂ uptake into the Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and calculate how much CO₂ will be used in our system. In addition, we also want to realize how much carbon being fixed in our system. We have to understand the process in E. coli after uptaking CO₂. Since we integrated non-native carbon fixation pathway into E. coli to let E. coli utilize CO₂, we simplify the CO₂ utilization pathway in engineered E. coli into two parts, CO₂ uptake and CO₂ metabolism.

Method of model

Follow our model progress diagram with a better sense of how we achieve our goal.

Purpose of model

How many CO₂ can be used by E. coli

Method of model

Kinetic law / Metabolic Pathway / Chemical Equation

Collect experiment data

Result analysis

CO₂ uptake

CO₂ exists in the phase of gas. Therefore, E. coli uptake CO₂ by diffusion. However, the native diffusion rate is really low, not to mention the dissolved rate. We clone CA (carbonic anhydrase) gene to speed up the diffusion rate. The higher diffusion rate, the higher CO₂ concentration maintained in engineered E. coli. Higher CO₂ concentration in engineered E. coli provides more steady CO₂ condition for downstream pathway.

Table 1. parameters of CO₂ uptake pathway

CO₂ uptake		K_f (mM)	K_r (mM)
R1	$${[CO_2]_{air} \rightarrow [CO_2]_{uptake}}$$	9.23E-04	4.78E-04
R2	$${[CO_2]_{uptake} + [H_2O] \rightarrow [H_2CO_3]}$$	0.062	23.7
R3	$${[H_2CO_3] \rightarrow [H^+] + [HCO_3^-]}$$	8000000	4.7E10
R4	$${[HCO_3^-] \rightarrow [H^+] + [CO_3^{2-}]}$$	3	5E10
R5	$${[H^+] + [HCO_3^-] \longleftrightarrow [H_2O] + [CO_2]_{uptake}}$$	V_max	K_m
R5		0.47333	0.0062

Result

Enzyme, CA, strongly catalyzes the hydration of CO₂ and its interaction appears to follow a Michaelis-Menten mechanism with a Hill constant of 0.0062 in our research. The result of Engineered E. coli cloned with or without CA gene showed below. A quite different diffusion time explains the function of CA.

Fig 1. CO₂ uptake amount change with time in engineered E. coli without CA gene.

Fig 2. CO₂ uptake amount change with time in engineered E. coli with CA gene.

CO₂ Metabolism

Xylose is the main source of our engineered E. coli to uptake CO₂. However, there is another pathway for xylose metabolism, which means that there is only a part of xylose that E. coli consumed will react with CO₂. We build a model to predict the different carbon flux between original xylose metabolism, PP pathway (Pentose Phosphate pathway), and our CO₂ bypass pathway.

Both of two pathways will end up at pyruvate, which is a key intersection in the network of metabolic pathways. We built a model of TCA cycle to explain how pyruvate play an energy precursor role and then is converted into biomass of E. coli.

Pathway

Fig 3. Metabolic pathway of CO₂-utilization E. coli.

The introduced CO₂-utilization bypass pathway composed of PRK and Rubisco is drawn in green line and noted by ” A” reaction and the double line was the pathway that composed by genetically modified, while the central carbon metabolic pathway including PP pathway and TCA cycle is drawn in blue line and yellow line and noted by “B” reaction and “C” reaction, respectively. See more detail in Kinetic law.

Table 2. Kinetic parameters of CO₂-utilization bypass pathway

CO₂ bypass pathway		V_max (1/S)		K_M (mM)
A1	$${Xylose \rightarrow Xylulose}$$ $${Xylulose + ATP \rightarrow X5P}$$	0.02456		124.55879
A2	$${X5P \rightarrow Ru5P}$$	0.08		12.5
A3	$${Ru5P \xrightarrow{PRK} RuBP}$$	225.81858		0.27
A4	$${RuBP + CO_2 \xrightarrow{RuBisCO} 3PG}$$	V_max	K_rubp		K_CO₂
A4	$${RuBP + CO_2 \xrightarrow{RuBisCO} 3PG}$$	333.33	53		2.7

Table 3. Kinetic parameters of PP pathway in E. coli

Pentose Phosphate Pathway		V_max (1/S)			K_M (mM)
B1	$${Ru5P \rightarrow R5P}$$	0.13672			12.5
B2	$${X5P + R5P \rightarrow S7P + GAP}$$
	$${X5P \rightarrow S7P}$$	58.27			4.96E-09
	$${X5P \rightarrow GAP}$$	58.27			48
	$${R5P \rightarrow S7P}$$	58.27			0.008
	$${R5P \rightarrow GAP}$$	58.27			3.05E-07
B3	$${S7P + GAP \rightarrow F6P + E4P}$$
	$${S7P \rightarrow E4P}$$	58.27			2.524
	$${S7P \rightarrow F6P}$$	58.27			6.10E-09
	$${GAP \rightarrow E4P}$$	58.27			1.73E-07
	$${GAP \rightarrow F6P}$$	58.27			8.23E-09
B4	$${E4P + X5P \rightarrow F6P + GAP}$$
	$${E4P \rightarrow F6P}$$	1			1
	$${E4P \rightarrow GAP}$$	5.827E-4			1.733E-7
	$${X5P \rightarrow F6P}$$	0.05827			1.733E-7
	$${X5P \rightarrow GAP}$$	0.005827			48.8
B5	$${FBP \rightarrow GAP}$$	135.425			4
B6	$${DHAP \longleftrightarrow GAP}$$	V_mf	V_mr		K_m_DHAP		K_m_GAP
B6	$${DHAP \longleftrightarrow GAP}$$	0.2394	0.24		0.812		0.245
B7	$${FBP \rightarrow DHAP}$$	0.0001247			0.04
B8	$${F6P + ATP \rightarrow FBP + ADP}$$	88.2533			0.017
B9	$${F6P \rightarrow G6P}$$	88.2353			0.017
B10	$${G6P + NADP^+ \rightarrow 6PG + NADPH}$$	V_max		K_m_G6P		K_m_NADP
B10	$${G6P + NADP^+ \rightarrow 6PG + NADPH}$$	11.736		0.12		0.0123
B11	$${6PG + NADP^+ \rightarrow Ru5P + NADPH}$$	1.0			0.044
B12	$${GAP + NADP^+ + ADP \rightarrow 3PGA + NADPH + ATP}$$	0.4			0.013
B13	$${3PGA \rightarrow PEP}$$	0.43478			0.23
B14	$${PEP \rightarrow PYR}$$	0.23148			0.45

Table 4. Kinetic parameters of TCA cycle in E. coli

TCA cycle		V_mf (mM/min)	V_mr (mM/min)	K_s (mM)		K_p (mM)
C1	$${PEP + HCO_3^- + NAD^+ \rightarrow OAA + NADH}$$	1	1	1		1
C2	$${AcCoA \rightarrow CIT}$$	64.8	0.648	0.05		0.12
C3	$${CIT \rightarrow ICIT}$$	31.2	0.312	1.7		0.7
C4	$${ICIT + NADP^+ \rightarrow AKG + NADPH + CO_2}$$	10.2	0.102	0.03		0.3
C5	$${AKG + NAD^+ \rightarrow AKG + NADPH + CO_2}$$	57.344	0.57344	0.1		1.0
C6	$${SUCCoA + ADP \rightarrow SUCC + ATP}$$	6.54	0.0651	0.015		0.15
C7	$${SUCC + FAD \rightarrow FUM + FADH_2}$$	1.02	1.02	0.12		0.15
C8	$${FUM \rightarrow MAL}$$	887.7	87.7	0.25		2.38
C9	$${MAL + NAD^+ \rightarrow OAA + NADH}$$	184	184	0.833		0.0443
C10	$${OAA \rightarrow CIT}$$	64.8	0.648	0.012		0.12
C11	$${PYR \rightarrow NADH + AcCoA + CO_2}$$	V_max (1/s)		K_m (mM)
C11	$${PYR \rightarrow NADH + AcCoA + CO_2}$$	0.00518		1.5
C12	$${ICIT \rightarrow GOX}$$	1.172	0.01172	0.145		0.13
C13	$${GOX \rightarrow MAL}$$	20	0.2	0.057		1.0
C14	$${ICIT \rightarrow SUCC + GOX}$$	V_mf (mM/min)	V_mr (mM/min)	K_icit (mM)	K_succ (mM)		K_gox (mM)
C14	$${ICIT \rightarrow SUCC + GOX}$$	1.172	0.012	0.145	0.59		0.13

Table 5. Species of Metabolic pathway of CO₂-utilization E. coli

E4P	erythrose-4-phosphate
F6P	fructose-6-phosphate
FBP	fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
G6P	glucose-6-phosphate
GAP	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
PEP	phosphoenol pyruvate
PYR	pyruvate
R5P	ribose-5-phosphate
Ru5P	ribulose-5-phosphate
S7P	sedoheptulose-7-phosphate
X5P	xylulose-5-phosphate
6PG	6-phosphogluconate
DHAP	Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
3PG	3-Phosphoglyceric acid
RuBP	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
PRK	Phosphoribulokinase
Rubisco	Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase
AcCoA	Acetyl-CoA
CIT	Citrate
ICIT	Isocitrate
AKG	Alpha-ketoglutarate
SUCCoA	Succinyl-CoA
SUCC	Succinate
FUM	Fumarate
MAL	Malate
OAA	Oxaloacetic acid
GOX	Glyoxylate

Xylose v.s. CO₂ analysis in CO₂ utilization efficiency

Two main sources of CO₂ metabolism in engineered E. coli are xylose and CO₂. CO₂ utilization rate varies under different condition. We use 5% CO₂ (about 2.6 mM) and 4 (g/l) xylose (about 26 mM) in experiment as an optimization CO₂ utilization rate. Constant CO₂ condition and limited CO₂ condition also effects metabolism performance. In other words, open system and close system showed different results. Therefore, adjust initial concentration of CO₂ and Xylose and choose open or close system to see the change of pyruvate production.

Concentration of xylose

Concentration of CO₂

Close system / Open system

References

E. G. Jacqueline, P. L. Christopher, R. A. Maciek, Comprehensive analysis of glucose and xylose metabolism in Escherichia coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by ¹³C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng. 2017 Jan; 39: 9–18.
U. Sauer, J. E. Bernhard, The PEP—pyruvate—oxaloacetate node as the switch point for carbon flux distribution in bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 29, Issue 4, 1 September 2005, Pages 765–794.
G. Fuyu, L. Guoxia, Z. Xiaoyun, Z. Jie, C. Zhen, L. Yin . Quantitative analysis of an engineered CO₂-fixing Escherichia colireveals great potential of heterotrophic CO₂ fixation. Gong et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8:86.
Y. Pocker, S. Y. Ng. Joan, Plant carbonic anhydrase. Properties and carbon dioxide hydration kinetics. Biochemistry, 1973, 12 (25), pp 5127–5134.

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
      <body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar-example">
          <div class="container content">
-        <h1 class="head">Model</h1>
+            <div class="headstyle">
+                <h1 class="head">Model</h1>
+            </div>
+            <div class="righttitle">
+                <h6 class="subtitle">Prediction of Metabolism</h6>
+            </div>
              <div class="navbar-example">
                  <div class="row">
                      <div class="col-2 side">
                          <div id="sidelist" class="list-group">
                              <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#achievement">Achievement</a>
@@ Line 17: / Line 22: @@
                              <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#CO2_metabolism">CO<sub>2</sub> metabolism</a>
                              <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#CO2_vs_xylose">Analysis</a>
-                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#reference">Reference</a>
+                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#references">References</a>
                              <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up fa-1x" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
                          </div>
@@ Line 35: / Line 40: @@
                                          </ol>
                                      </div>
+                                    <img class="gif" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/b/bb/T--NCKU_Tainan--model_model.gif" alt="Model">
                                      <br>
                                      <p class="pcontent">In order to achieve these two goals, we try to figure out three main questions：</p>
@@ Line 40: / Line 46: @@
                                          <li class="licontent"><a class="link" href="#CO2_uptake">Amount of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by <i>E. coli</i></a></li>
                                          <li class="licontent"><a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Kinetic_Law">CO<sub>2</sub> flux in <i>E. coli</i> metabolism</a></li>
-                                         <li class="licontent"><a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Analyse">Amount of Carbon fixed in biomass</a></li>
+                                         <li class="licontent"><a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Analysis">Amount of Carbon fixed in biomass</a></li>
                                      </ol>
                                  </div>
@@ Line 48: / Line 54: @@
                                          even more effective to achieve the optimization parameters in the model.
                                          Therefore, we can save time to try and error on doing experiment.
-                                         After that, we can analyze the rate of production and consumption.
+                                         After that, we analyze the rate of production and consumption.
-                                         In this way, we can calculate the amount of carbon dioxide uptake into the Escherichia coli (<i>E.coli</i>) and
+                                         In this way, we can calculate the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake into the
-                                         calculate how many CO<sub>2</sub> can be used in our system.
+                                        <i>Escherichia coli </i> ( <i>E. coli</i> ) and
-                                         In addition, we also want to realize how much carbon we can fix.
+                                         calculate how much CO<sub>2</sub> will be used in our system.
-                                         We have to understand what’s going on in <i>E. coli</i> after uptaking CO<sub>2</sub>.
+                                         In addition, we also want to realize how much carbon being fixed in our system.
-                                         Since we integrated non-native carbon fixation pathway into <i>E. coli</i> to let <i>E. coli</i> utilize CO<sub>2</sub>,
+                                         We have to understand the process in <i>E. coli</i> after uptaking
-                                         we can simplify the CO<sub>2</sub> utilization pathway in engineered <i>E. coli</i> into two parts,
+                                        CO<sub>2</sub>.
+                                         Since we integrated non-native carbon fixation pathway into <i>E. coli</i> to let
+                                        <i>E. coli</i> utilize CO<sub>2</sub>,
+                                         we simplify the CO<sub>2</sub> utilization pathway in engineered <i>E. coli</i>
+                                        into two parts,
                                          <a class="link" href="#CO2_uptake">CO<sub>2</sub> uptake</a> and <a class="link" href="#CO2_metabolism">CO<sub>2</sub> metabolism</a>.
                                      </p>
@@ Line 62: / Line 72: @@
                                      <p class="pcontent">Follow our model progress diagram with a better sense of how we achieve our goal.</p>
                                      <div class="row">
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
-                                         <div class="col-6" id="cube1">
+                                         <div class="col-8" id="cube1">
                                              <h4 class="pb">Purpose of model</h4>
                                              <p class="pb">How many CO<sub>2</sub> can be used by <i>E. coli</i></p>
                                          </div>
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
@@ Line 75: / Line 85: @@
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
-                                         <div class="col-6" id="cube2">
+                                         <div class="col-8" id="cube2">
                                              <a class="methodlink" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Kinetic_Law">
                                                  <h4 class="pb">Method of model</h4>
@@ Line 82: / Line 92: @@
                                              </a>
                                          </div>
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
@@ Line 90: / Line 100: @@
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
-                                         <div class="col-6" id="cube1">
+                                         <div class="col-8" id="cube1">
-                                             <a class="methodlink" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Kinetic_Law">
+                                             <a class="methodlink" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Analysis">
                                                  <h4 class="pb">Collect experiment data</h4>
                                              </a>
                                          </div>
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
@@ Line 104: / Line 114: @@
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="row">
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
-                                         <div class="col-6" id="cube3">
+                                         <div class="col-8" id="cube3">
-                                             <a class="methodlink" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Analyse">
+                                             <a class="methodlink" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Analysis">
                                                  <h4 class="pb">Result analysis</h4>
                                              </a>
                                          </div>
-                                         <div class="col-3"></div>
+                                         <div class="col-2"></div>
                                      </div>
                                  </div>
@@ Line 118: / Line 128: @@
                                          Therefore, <i>E. coli</i> uptake CO<sub>2</sub> by diffusion.
                                          However, the native diffusion rate is really low, not to mention the dissolved rate.
-                                         We clone <a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Kinetic_Law">CA (carbonic anhydrase)</a> gene to speed up the diffusion rate.
+                                         We clone CA (carbonic anhydrase) gene to speed up the diffusion rate.
                                          The higher diffusion rate, the higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentration maintained in engineered <i>E. coli</i>.
                                          Higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in engineered <i>E. coli</i> provides more steady CO<sub>2</sub> condition for downstream pathway.</p>
@@ Line 136: / Line 146: @@
                                                      <tr>
                                                          <th colspan="4">CO<sub>2</sub> uptake</th>
-                                                         <th colspan="2">Kf</th>
+                                                         <th colspan="2">K<sub>f</sub> (mM)</th>
-                                                         <th colspan="2">Kr</th>
+                                                         <th colspan="2">K<sub>r</sub> (mM)</th>
                                                      </tr>
                                                      <tr>
@@ Line 166: / Line 176: @@
                                                          <td colspan="1" rowspan="2">R5</td>
                                                          <td colspan="3" rowspan="2">$${[H^+] + [HCO_3^-] \longleftrightarrow [H_2O] + [CO_2]_{uptake}}$$</td>
-                                                         <td colspan="2">Vmax</td>
+                                                         <td colspan="2">V<sub>max</sub></td>
-                                                         <td colspan="2">Km</td>
+                                                         <td colspan="2">K<sub>m</sub></td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                      <tr>
@@ Line 185: / Line 195: @@
                                              <div class="col-12" id="resultimg">
                                                  <img class="twoimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/75/T--NCKU_Tainan--model_result1.png">
-                                                 <p class="pcontent">Fig. 2 CO<sub>2</sub> uptake amount change with time in engineered <i>E. coli</i> without CA gene.</p>
+                                                 <p class="pcenter">Fig 1. CO<sub>2</sub> uptake amount change with time in engineered <i>E. coli</i> without CA gene.</p>
                                                  <img class="twoimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/9f/T--NCKU_Tainan--model_result2.png">
-                                                 <p class="pcontent">Fig. 3 CO<sub>2</sub> uptake amount change with time in engineered <i>E. coli</i> with CA gene.</p>
+                                                 <p class="pcenter">Fig 2. CO<sub>2</sub> uptake amount change with time in engineered <i>E. coli</i> with CA gene.</p>
                                              </div>
                                          </div>
@@ Line 211: / Line 221: @@
                                              <img class="col-md-6" id="easypathway" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f8/T--NCKU_Tainan--model_easypathway.png">
                                              <img class="col-md-6 contentimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/3e/T--NCKU_Tainan--model_pathway.png">
-                                             <p class="pcontent col-12">Fig. 4 Metabolic pathway of CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization <i>E. coli</i>.
+                                             <p class="pcenter col-12">Fig 3. Metabolic pathway of CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization <i>E. coli</i>. </p>
-                                                The introduced CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization bypass pathway composed of PRK and Rubisco is drawn in green line and noted by ” A” reaction,
+                                            <p class="pcontent col-12">The introduced CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization bypass pathway composed of PRK and Rubisco is drawn in green line and noted by ” A” reaction and the double line was the pathway that composed by genetically modified, while the central carbon metabolic pathway including PP pathway and TCA cycle is drawn in blue line and yellow line and noted by “B” reaction and “C” reaction, respectively.
-                                                while the central carbon metabolic pathway including PP pathway and TCA cycle is drawn in blue line and yellow line and noted by “B” reaction and “C” reaction, respectively.
                                                  See more detail in <a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Kinetic_Law">Kinetic law</a>.
-                                            </p>
+                                             </p>
                                          </div>
                                      </div>
@@ Line 231: / Line 241: @@
                                                          <tr>
                                                              <th colspan="8">CO<sub>2</sub> bypass pathway</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">Vmax (1/S)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">V<sub>max</sub> (1/S)</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">KM (mM)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">K<sub>M</sub> (mM)</th>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 257: / Line 267: @@
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="2">A4</td>
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="6">$${RuBP + CO_2 \xrightarrow{RuBisCO} 3PG}$$</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">Vmax</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">V<sub>max</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">Krubp</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">K<sub>rubp</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">KCO<sub>2</sub></td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">K<sub>CO</sub><sub>2</sub></td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 283: / Line 293: @@
                                                          <tr>
                                                              <th colspan="13">Pentose Phosphate Pathway</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="6">Vmax (1/S)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="6">V<sub>max</sub> (1/S)</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="6">KM (mM)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="6">K<sub>M</sub> (mM)</th>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 370: / Line 380: @@
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">B6</td>
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="12">$${DHAP \longleftrightarrow GAP}$$</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Vmf</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">V<sub>mf</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Vmr</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">V<sub>mr</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Km<sub>DHAP</sub></td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">K<sub>m</sub><sub>DHAP</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Km<sub>GAP</sub></td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">K<sub>m</sub><sub>GAP</sub></td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 402: / Line 412: @@
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">B10</td>
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="12">$${G6P + NADP^+ \rightarrow 6PG + NADPH}$$</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="4">Vmax</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="4">V<sub>max</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="4">Km<sub>G6P</sub></td>
+                                                             <td colspan="4">K<sub>m</sub><sub>G6P</sub></td>
-                                                             <td colspan="4">Km<sub>NADP</sub></td>
+                                                             <td colspan="4">K<sub>m</sub><sub>NADP</sub></td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 452: / Line 462: @@
                                                          <tr>
                                                              <th colspan="13">TCA cycle</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">Vmf (mM/min)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">V<sub>mf</sub> (mM/min)</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">Vmr (mM/min)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">V<sub>mr</sub> (mM/min)</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">Ks (mM)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">K<sub>s</sub> (mM)</th>
-                                                             <th colspan="3">Kp (mM)</th>
+                                                             <th colspan="3">K<sub>p</sub> (mM)</th>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 540: / Line 550: @@
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">C11</td>
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="12">$${PYR \rightarrow NADH + AcCoA + CO_2}$$</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="6">Vmax (1/s)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="6">V<sub>max</sub> (1/s)</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="6">KM (mM)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="6">K<sub>m</sub> (mM)</td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 566: / Line 576: @@
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">C14</td>
                                                              <td rowspan="2" colspan="12">$${ICIT \rightarrow SUCC + GOX}$$</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Vmf (mM/min)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">V<sub>mf</sub> (mM/min)</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="3">Vmr (mM/min)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="3">V<sub>mr</sub> (mM/min)</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">Kicit (mM)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">K<sub>icit</sub> (mM)</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">Ksucc (mM)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">K<sub>succ</sub> (mM)</td>
-                                                             <td colspan="2">Kgox (mM)</td>
+                                                             <td colspan="2">K<sub>gox</sub> (mM)</td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          <tr>
@@ Line 712: / Line 722: @@
                                              <p class="pcontent">Two main sources of CO<sub>2</sub> metabolism in engineered <i>E. coli</i> are xylose and CO<sub>2</sub>.
                                                  CO<sub>2</sub> utilization rate varies under different condition.
-                                                 We use 5% CO<sub>2</sub> (about 2.6 mM) and 0.4% (about 26 mM) xylose in experiment as an optimization CO<sub>2</sub> utilization rate.
+                                                 We use 5% CO<sub>2</sub> (about 2.6 mM) and 4 (g/l) xylose (about 26 mM) in experiment as an optimization CO<sub>2</sub> utilization rate.
                                                  Constant CO<sub>2</sub> condition and limited CO<sub>2</sub> condition also effects metabolism performance.
                                                  In other words, open system and close system showed different results.
@@ Line 751: / Line 761: @@
                                      </div>
-                                     <div id="reference">
+                                     <div id="references">
-                                         <h3>Reference</h3>
+                                         <h3>References</h3>
                                          <ol>
-                                             <li class="smallp">Jacqueline E. G, Christopher P. L, Maciek R. A. Comprehensive analysis of glucose and xylose metabolism in Escherichia coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by 13C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng. 2017 Jan; 39: 9–18.</li>
+                                             <li class="smallp">E. G. Jacqueline, P. L. Christopher, R. A. Maciek,  Comprehensive analysis of glucose and xylose metabolism in <i>Escherichia coli</i> under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by <sup>13</sup>C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng. 2017 Jan; 39: 9–18.</li>
-                                             <li class="smallp">Uwe Sauer, Bernhard J. E. The PEP—pyruvate—oxaloacetate node as the switch point for carbon flux distribution in bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 29, Issue 4, 1 September 2005, Pages 765–794.</li>
+                                             <li class="smallp">U. Sauer, J. E. Bernhard, The PEP—pyruvate—oxaloacetate node as the switch point for carbon flux distribution in bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 29, Issue 4, 1 September 2005, Pages 765–794.</li>
-                                             <li class="smallp">Fuyu G, Guoxia L, Xiaoyun Z, Jie Z, Zhen C and Yin L. Quantitative analysis of an engineered CO2-fixing Escherichia coli reveals great potential of heterotrophic CO2 fixation. Gong et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8:86.</li>
+                                             <li class="smallp">G. Fuyu, L. Guoxia, Z. Xiaoyun, Z. Jie, C. Zhen, L. Yin . Quantitative analysis of an engineered CO<sub>2</sub>-fixing <i>Escherichia coli</i>reveals great potential of heterotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation. Gong et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8:86.</li>
-                                             <li class="smallp">Y. Pocker, and Joan S. Y. Ng. Plant carbonic anhydrase. Properties and carbon dioxide hydration kinetics. Biochemistry, 1973, 12 (25), pp 5127–5134.</li>
+                                             <li class="smallp">Y. Pocker, S. Y. Ng. Joan, Plant carbonic anhydrase. Properties and carbon dioxide hydration kinetics. Biochemistry, 1973, 12 (25), pp 5127–5134.</li>
                                          </ol>
                                          <br class="pcontent">
@@ Line 779: / Line 789: @@
                }
              } else {
-               if ($(this).scrollTop() >= 90) {
+               if ($(this).scrollTop() >= 500) {
                  var position = $("#sidelist").position();
                  if(position == undefined){}

Difference between revisions of "Team:NCKU Tainan/Model"

Latest revision as of 01:25, 18 October 2018

Model

Prediction of Metabolism

Achievement

Purpose

Method of model

Purpose of model

Method of model

Collect experiment data

Result analysis

CO2 uptake

Result

CO2 Metabolism

Pathway

Xylose v.s. CO2 analysis in CO2 utilization efficiency

References

CO₂ uptake

CO₂ Metabolism

Xylose v.s. CO₂ analysis in CO₂ utilization efficiency