Difference between revisions of "Team:NCKU Tainan/Entrepreneurship"

 
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        <h1 class="head">Entrepreneurship</h1>
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                <h1 class="head">Entrepreneurship</h1>
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                <h6 class="subtitle">From Bench To Business</h6>
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                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Overview">Overview</a>
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Product_Design">Product Design</a>
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                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>
 
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>
 
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Business_Model">Business Model</a>
 
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Business_Model">Business Model</a>
 
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Cost_Evaluation">Cost Evaluation</a>
 
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Cost_Evaluation">Cost Evaluation</a>
                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Reference">Reference</a>
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                             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#Reference">References</a>
 
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                                     <h3>Product Design</h3>
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                                     <h3>Overview</h3>
 
                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/57/T--NCKU_Tainan--product.png" alt="product design">
 
                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/57/T--NCKU_Tainan--product.png" alt="product design">
                                     <p class="pcenter"> Fig.1 Flow chart of <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system </p>                                     
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                                     <p class="pcenter">Fig 1. Flow chart of <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system </p>                                     
                                      <ol>
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                                    <ol>
                                         <li class="licontent">Overview</li>
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                                         <li class="licontent">Product design</li>
                                         <p class="pcontent">In this project, we, the NCKU Tainan Team, have proposed an alternative way to reduce the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Referring to the opinions and feedbacks from many industry experts and professors, we design a new factory flow to capture CO<sub>2</sub> by <i>E. coli</i> Not only our device meets the specs to commercialize, but it also demonstrates high cost performance.  
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                                         <p class="pcontent">In this project, we, the NCKU Tainan Team,  
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                                            have proposed an alternative way to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>).  
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                                            Referring to the opinions and feedback from industry experts and professors,  
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                                            we design a new factory flow to capture CO<sub>2</sub> by <i>E. coli</i>.
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                                            Not only our device meets the specs to be commercialized, but it also demonstrates  
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                                            high cost performance.  
 
                                         </p>
 
                                         </p>
                                         <p class="pcontent">The emission of CO<sub>2</sub> has been a serious problem for a century that causes global warming and severe climate change. Even though many ways have been tried to reduce it, the generation of CO<sub>2</sub> primarily from industry is still overwhelming. Therefore, scientists and governments have been working hard to find solutions to tackle the problem.  
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                                         <p class="pcontent">The emission of CO<sub>2</sub> has been a serious problem for centuries. The steep increase in atmospheric concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> could potentially lead to a further increase in temperature and climatic change.  
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                                            Therefore, scientists and governments may need to take carbon capture technology to the next level.  
 
                                         </p>
 
                                         </p>
 
                                         <li class="licontent">Enterprise interview</li>
 
                                         <li class="licontent">Enterprise interview</li>
                                         <p class="pcontent"> We complete the whole <a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Applied_Design">product design </a> and propose to several industrial. Through the interview the feedback form the industrial, we were able to stand in the site of customer and then improve our product. We found out what we were weak in the design and then figured out the solutions with the enterprise support.  
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                                         <p class="pcontent"> We completed the whole <a class="link" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan/Applied_Design">product design </a> and proposed to several industrial. Through the interview with our potential customers, we modified and improved our project from their perspective. We found out what we were weak in the design and then figured out the solutions with the enterprise support.  
 
                                         </p>
 
                                         </p>
                                         <p class="pcontent"> Out major potential client<a class="link" href="#CSC">china steel coporation</a>, which has a large amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emission every year.
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                                         <ol>
                                        </a>
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                                            <li class="licontent"> Our major potential customer, <a class="link" href="#CSC">
                                        <p class="pcontent"> The national science research and development institute in Taiwan                                             
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                                                China Steel Corporation</a>, which is the largest integrated steel maker in Taiwan. The iron making process involves reacting iron ore with a reducing agent, like coking coal, and produces large volumes of CO<sub>2</sub>.
<a class="link" href="#ITRI">Industrial Technology Research Institute</a>, which has the advance technology solving excess CO<sub>2</sub> emission problem.
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                                            </li>
                                        </p>
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                                            <li class="licontent"> Taiwan's largest high-tech applied research institutions,                                              
                                        <p class="pcontent"> An industry-university cooperative research project<a class="link" href="#ANNA">Biofixation of flue gas CO<sub>2</sub> with microalgae </a>, which is a relative project to us in Bio-method dealing CO<sub>2</sub> problem.
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                                                <a class="link" href="#ITRI">Industrial Technology Research Institute</a>,  
                                        </p>
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                                                which has proposed several carbon capture technologies for use in industry.
                                        <p class="pcontent"> We collaborate with <a class="link" href="#MBR"> King Membrane Energy Technology Inc</a>, which work for replacing traditional energy-using distillation with advanced energy-saving membrane technology.
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                                            </li>
                                        </p>                                                                                                    
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                                            <li class="licontent"> An industry-university cooperative research project  
                                      </ol>
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                                                <a class="link" href="#ANNA">,Biofixation of flue gas CO<sub>2</sub> with microalgae </a>, worked on the same goal with us : reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission in industry with biology method.
                      
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                                            </li>
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                                            <li class="licontent"> We collaborated with <a class="link" href="#MBR">  
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                                                King Membrane Energy Technology Inc.</a>, which is a company that capable of providing customized pervaporation systems and membrane distillation systems for use in industries. They replace traditional energy-using distillation with advanced energy-saving membrane technology.
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                                            </li>
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                                        </ol>                                                                                                  
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                                 <div id="Entrepreneurship">
 
                                 <div id="Entrepreneurship">
 
                                     <h3>Entrepreneurship</h3>
 
                                     <h3>Entrepreneurship</h3>
                                     <h5 class="smalltitle" id="CSC">China Steel corporation</h3>
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                                     <h5 class="smalltitle" id="CSC">China Steel Corporation</h3>
 
                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a9/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_chinasteel1.png" alt="china_steel">
 
                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a9/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_chinasteel1.png" alt="china_steel">
                                     <p class="pcenter">Fig.2 Picture of CSC interview</p>
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                                     <p class="pcenter">Fig 2. Picture of CSC interview</p>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">Meeting with experts and stakeholders is important in shaping our project to fulfill the needs of our target user.  
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">Meeting with experts and stakeholders is important in shaping our project to fulfill the needs of our target user.  
                                    China Steel Corporation is the largest integrated steel Manufacturer in Taiwan. Also, they had been adopting the algal bio-sequestration by  
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                                        China Steel Corporation is the largest integrated steel manufacturer in Taiwan. Also, they have been adopting the algae bio-sequestration by cooperating with the research group from our university, NCKU Tainan.  
                                    cooperating with the research group at our university. Click here to know more in Entrepreneurship:Process, Suggestion and question and
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                                    Interview record.
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                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Process</h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Process</h5>
                                     <p class="pcontent">We were given the opportunity to meet with the senior executive of China Steel Corporation  
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                                     <p class="pcontent">We met with the senior executive of China Steel Corporation  
                                         to gain invaluable insight for our research. The meeting commenced with our presentation.
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                                         to gain invaluable insight for our research. The interview started with our project presentation, including the introduction of bioreactor design and the industrial model.  
                                        During the presentation, we introduced our project, including the bioreactor design and the industrial model.  
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                                         By listing out all the aspects we had considered, we would like to obtain advice  
 
                                         By listing out all the aspects we had considered, we would like to obtain advice  
 
                                         on the practical and social considerations involved in the application of our project in industry.
 
                                         on the practical and social considerations involved in the application of our project in industry.
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                                     <p class="pcontent">Will the high concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> retard growth of engineered bacteria?</p>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">Will the high concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> retard growth of engineered bacteria?</p>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">Microalgae is reported resistant to SOx and NOx. Does <i>E. coli</i> survive under such conditions?</p>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">Microalgae is reported resistant to SOx and NOx. Does <i>E. coli</i> survive under such conditions?</p>
                                     <p class="pcontent">The best condition for engineered <i>E. coli</i> to capture CO<sub>2</sub> is a lower CO<sub>2</sub>
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                                     <p class="pcontent">The two questions above were the main concern of CSC. Basically, the best condition for engineered <i>E. coli</i> to capture CO<sub>2</sub> have to be lower, without too much SOx and NOx particles.  
                                        concentration without too much SOx and NOx particles.  
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                                         However, we won’t be able to provide an ideal culture condition in industrial application.  
                                         However, we won’t be able to provide an ideal culture condition in Industrial application.  
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                                         After researching the tolerance of <i>E. coli</i>, we concluded that <i>E. coli</i> is possible to survive in factory condition while the concentration of SOx and NOx were much lower than CO<sub>2</sub>. Besides, we will dilute the concentration with gas that the small fraction of SOx NOx can only effect the expression of <i>E. coli</i>.  
                                         After testing the tolerance of <i>E. coli</i>, we conclude that <i>E. coli</i> is possible to survive under that
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                                         In other words, it may not capture as much CO<sub>2</sub> as culture in the lab.
                                        kind of condition in factory and the only effects its expression.  
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                                         It may not capture as much CO<sub>2</sub> as culture in the lab.
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                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">It is important to define a specific commercial product that can be truly produced  
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">It is important to define a specific commercial product that can be truly produced  
                                         since your user may consider its economic viability.  
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                                         since our user may consider its economic viability.  
 
                                         They stated that a product that can be widely used is better.  
 
                                         They stated that a product that can be widely used is better.  
 
                                         At the same time, we should consider current GMO legislation if we want to commercialize those products.
 
                                         At the same time, we should consider current GMO legislation if we want to commercialize those products.
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                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Interview record</h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Interview record</h5>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent"> The record can be separated into two parts.  
 
                                     <p class="pcontent"> The record can be separated into two parts.  
                                         One is about their feedback after interview, another one is our customer investigate questions.  
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                                         One is the feedback documentation during the interview, another one is customer investigate questions.  
                                         We use CSC represent China Steel.
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                                         We use CSC represent China Steel Corporation.
 
                                     </p>  
 
                                     </p>  
 
                                     <div class="row">
 
                                     <div class="row">
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                                         <div class="card card-body">
 
                                         <div class="card card-body">
                                             <h5 class=boldh5>Part1. Interview record</h5>
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                                             <h5 class="boldh5">Part1. Interview record</h5>
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">Date:September. 15, 9 am.</p>
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">Date:September. 15, 9 am.</p>
                                             <p class="pcontent">Location:China Steel meeting room</p>
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                                             <p class="pcontent">Location:China Steel Corp. conference hall</p>
 
                                             <br>
 
                                             <br>
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC: What is the adaptability of <i>E. coli</i> for the corporate?  
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC: What is the adaptability of <i>E. coli</i> for the corporate?  
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                                                 how much additional benefit can it bring to the output value of the products in their downstream of system?
 
                                                 how much additional benefit can it bring to the output value of the products in their downstream of system?
 
                                             </p>
 
                                             </p>
                                             <p class="pcontent">At present, the product of downstream in our system is glutamine,  
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                                             <p class="pcontent">At present, the product of downstream in our system is glutamine, and the reason
 
                                                 why we choose is because glutamine is accessible and easy to operate for us.  
 
                                                 why we choose is because glutamine is accessible and easy to operate for us.  
 
                                                 Its additional benefit refers to the different application.  
 
                                                 Its additional benefit refers to the different application.  
                                                 Take the market value of glutamine as example, the additional benefit can reach 10 times larger of the <i>E. coli</i> culture cost,  
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                                                 Take the market value of glutamine as an example, the additional benefit can reach 10 times larger of the <i>E. coli</i> culture cost,  
 
                                                 ignoring the fixed cost of the whole system.
 
                                                 ignoring the fixed cost of the whole system.
 
                                             </p>
 
                                             </p>
Line 134: Line 143:
 
                                                 Therefore, our system has high potential output value to bring great additional benefit.
 
                                                 Therefore, our system has high potential output value to bring great additional benefit.
 
                                             </p>
 
                                             </p>
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC:China Steel is the second largest carbon consumer in our country.  
+
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC:China Steel is one of the largest carbon consumer in our country. In your presentation, you mentioned that two-thirds of Taiwan's area was required to balance one-tenth of the current emissions.  
                                                It needs two-thirds of Taiwan's area to balance one-tenth of the current emissions.  
+
 
                                                 In practice, it is still too far away.  
 
                                                 In practice, it is still too far away.  
 
                                                 Is it possible to match the materials with 3D layout?
 
                                                 Is it possible to match the materials with 3D layout?
Line 146: Line 154:
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC: How to deal with the waste of this system? Is there a problem with super Cryptococcus neoformans?</p>
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">CSC: How to deal with the waste of this system? Is there a problem with super Cryptococcus neoformans?</p>
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">The protein needs to be separated before produced.  
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">The protein needs to be separated before produced.  
                                                 At the same time,this process will produce the bio-waste.  
+
                                                 At the same time, this process will produce the bio-waste.  
 
                                                 The special process is high temperature and high pressure.  
 
                                                 The special process is high temperature and high pressure.  
 
                                                 It can be used in the factory's original waste system under the high temperature and high pressure environment.
 
                                                 It can be used in the factory's original waste system under the high temperature and high pressure environment.
Line 156: Line 164:
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">Algae is one of the implementation of the CCS plan, and they always want to build a multi-system.  
 
                                             <p class="pcontent">Algae is one of the implementation of the CCS plan, and they always want to build a multi-system.  
 
                                                 Each system has its advantages and disadvantages.  
 
                                                 Each system has its advantages and disadvantages.  
                                                 Therefore, what we proposed was a one more choice for them and they were glad to hear  
+
                                                 Therefore, what we proposed was one more choice for them and they were glad to hear  
                                                 that <i>E. coli</i> and contribute to CCS&U (Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization).
+
                                                 that <i>E. coli</i> and contribute to CCS & U (Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization).
 
                                             </p>
 
                                             </p>
  
Line 166: Line 174:
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">There are three conditions:</p>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">There are three conditions:</p>
                                                 <p class="pcontent">1) Feasibility of laboratory technology: It’s ok with technical confirmation.</p>
+
                                                 <p class="pcontent">1) Feasibility of laboratory technology: It’s okay with technical confirmation.</p>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">2) Feasibility of engineering: It’s feasible under engineering equipment construction,  
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">2) Feasibility of engineering: It’s feasible under engineering equipment construction,  
 
                                                     application of space and on-site environmental conditions.
 
                                                     application of space and on-site environmental conditions.
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">3) Feasibility of economic: total cost (input, output) must be positive benefits.</p>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">3) Feasibility of economic: total cost (input, output) must be positive benefits.</p>
                                                 <li class="licontent">There is a problem of limited space in Taiwan, how much space did we need to reduce at least in the enterprise?</li>
+
                                                 <li class="licontent">There is a problem of limited space in Taiwan, how much space that we need to reduce at least in the enterprise?</li>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">This proposition should be how much CO<sub>2</sub> the technology can absorb per unit area.
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">This proposition should be how much CO<sub>2</sub> the technology can absorb per unit area.
                                                     Based on this basis, Industrial will evaluate the existing space of the factory,  
+
                                                     Based on this basis, industrial will evaluate the existing space of the factory,  
                                                     consider how much CO<sub>2</sub> can be absorbed, investment cost of equipment,  
+
                                                     consider how much CO<sub>2</sub> can be absorbed, and investment cost of equipment. Therefore, a certain amount of CO<sub>2</sub> can be reduced. We will also calculate the input and output to evaluate if it has positive benefit.
                                                    the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> that can be reduced, and calculate the input and output to evaluate  
+
                                                    whether there is positive benefit.
+
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 <li class="licontent">We will consider the secondary cost of waste disposal,  
 
                                                 <li class="licontent">We will consider the secondary cost of waste disposal,  
                                                     just like the application of your company unit in basic-oxygen-furnace slag,  
+
                                                     just like the application of CSC unit in basic-oxygen-furnace slag,  
 
                                                     will you consider the cost of waste recycling be beneficial?  
 
                                                     will you consider the cost of waste recycling be beneficial?  
 
                                                     Or is there a problem caused by China Steel and secondary pollution?
 
                                                     Or is there a problem caused by China Steel and secondary pollution?
Line 187: Line 193:
 
                                                     The cost of the resource should be assessed by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a whole.
 
                                                     The cost of the resource should be assessed by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a whole.
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 </p>
                                                 <li class="licontent">Since our project is facing the problem about the higher cost of culture medium,  
+
                                                 <li class="licontent">Since our project is facing the problem of the higher cost of culture medium,  
                                                     we would like to ask you about the benefit of carbon fixation and cost of carbon fixation method.
+
                                                     we would like to ask the question about the benefit of carbon fixation and cost of carbon fixation method.
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">The cost of carbon fixation depends on the carbon capture and storage methods used.  
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">The cost of carbon fixation depends on the carbon capture and storage methods used.  
Line 196: Line 202:
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 </p>
 
                                                 <li class="licontent">Regarding the part of industry-university cooperation,  
 
                                                 <li class="licontent">Regarding the part of industry-university cooperation,  
                                                    I would like to ask why China Steel chose to cooperate with Annan Campus in NCKU for microalgae carbon fixation.
+
                                                  Why CSC chose to cooperate with Annan Campus in NCKU for microalgae carbon fixation.
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 </li>
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">When the former academic research unit strives for the NEP project (National Energy Program),  
 
                                                 <p class="pcontent">When the former academic research unit strives for the NEP project (National Energy Program),  
Line 235: Line 241:
 
                                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f6/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_csc4.png">
 
                                                     <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f6/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_csc4.png">
 
                                                 </div>
 
                                                 </div>
                                              </div>
+
                                            </div>
                                            </div>
+
                                        </div>
                                            </div>  
+
                                    </div>  
                                          </div>
+
                                </div>
                                <div>
+
                                <div>
                                  <h5 class="smalltitle" id="ITRI"International Technology Research Institute</h5>
+
                                    <h5 class="smalltitle" id="ITRI">International Technology Research Institute</h5>
                                  <div class="centerimg">
+
                                    <div class="centerimg">
                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a9/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_chinasteel1.png" alt="china_steel">
+
                                        <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/02/T--NCKU_Tainan--ITRI.png">
 
                                     </div>
 
                                     </div>
                                   </div>
+
                                    <p class="pcenter">Fig 3. Picture of ITRI interview</p>
 
+
                                    
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Process</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">We attended the Biotechnology Green Energy Expo and had a
 +
                                        business matchmaking with International Technology Research Institute (ITRI).
 +
                                        The Dr. Shen was a manager of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Application Project
 +
                                        in Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories of ITRI.
 +
                                        He gave a short speech about the condition of CCS in Taiwan.
 +
                                        CCS technology is a relevant technology with our <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system.
 +
                                        Therefore, through business matchmaking, we introduced our project and all the design
 +
                                        including what we improve after the customer investigation with CSC.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                 
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Suggestion and Question</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">The currently solution in Taiwan is CCS, however,
 +
                                        the policy and the inhabitant are big challenges of CCS technology.
 +
                                        ITRI had cooperated with lots of industrial and academic institutes and developed advance
 +
                                        CCS technology, however, most of them cannot have real implementation.
 +
                                        The public doubt the safety about storage high density carbon underground.
 +
                                        Therefore, ITRI now contribute to develop carbon utilize technology.
 +
                                        That’s the point that ITRI will adopt our project into their lab.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">Dr. Shen suggested us to think more about the bioproduct after our
 +
                                        <i>E. coli</i> uptake CO<sub>2</sub>. We can easily transgene <i>E. coli</i>
 +
                                        to let <i>E. coli</i> metabolized CO<sub>2</sub> and produce amino acid.
 +
                                        The highest value of bioproduct will be the health food.
 +
                                        However, we could hardly make the health food which made                            from industrial flue gas into the market. There are still many valuable products we can achieve with less limitation when applying to the market,
 +
                                        such as electronic material solvent, biocytoculture, agricultural chemicals, etc.
 +
                                        Besides, the last choice will be biofuel. We should try to reuse our product again and
 +
                                        again to maximize the value before converting it into biofuel.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">This suggestion triggers our design about recycle system (link)
 +
                                        after bioreactor.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
 
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Interview record</h5>
 +
                                    <div class="row">
 +
                                        <a class="btn col-md-12" data-toggle="collapse" href="#ETRI_complete_interview" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multiCollapseExample1">
 +
                                            Click to see complete interview
 +
                                            <i class="fa fa-arrow-down fa-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>
 +
                                        </a>
 +
                                    </div>   
 +
                                    <div class="collapse multi-collapse" id="ETRI_complete_interview">
 +
                                        <div class="card card-body">
 +
                                            <h5 class=boldh5>Part1. Interview record</h5>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent">Date:October. 6, 14 pm.</p>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent">Location:Biotechnology Green Energy Expo conference hall</p>
 +
                                            <br>
 +
                                            <ol>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">Is the bioreactor technology being involved in ITRI?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">There is a biotechnology laboratory in ITRI. They work on converting microalgae into bio-fuel and dry anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, bioreactor technology was involved in ITRI.
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">After the carbon capture process, how to transfer those captured CO<sub>2</sub> while being condensed? </li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">Once CO<sub>2</sub> was captured, we will liquefy it to decrease volume
 +
                                                    and then the vehicles will carry those high density liquefaction CO<sub>2</sub> to storage.
 +
                                                    Or through piping, we can transfer captured CO<sub>2</sub>. to north of the sea for sequestration.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">However, technology of carbon capture and storage (CCS)
 +
                                                    didn't implement in Taiwan, since that the inhabitant in Taiwan regarded CCS as environmentally hazardous technology.
 +
                                                    More and more national disaster due to climate led to local doubts about the safety of CCS.
 +
                                                    The currently policy of reduce carbon emission is to reach 2% decreasing CO<sub>2</sub> emission on 2020 compared with the standard year.
 +
                                                    The long-term emission reduction goal is to cut emission in 2050 by 50% compared to 2005 levels totally
 +
                                                    we hope to clean 1 hundred million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>. The main challenge was the downstream process of CCS,
 +
                                                    utilizing technology.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">According to the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act
 +
                                                    which was passed by Taiwan’s parliament (the Legislative Yuan), 1 ton of carbon tax is NTD 100 (35 USD),
 +
                                                    which is that industrial work hard to avoid high tax. However, what is the next step?
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">In the downstream process, can we reuse the waste heat produced from the factory for sterilization?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">That is not a big problem. The temperature of waste heat produces from factory
 +
                                                    is around 100 to 1500 and 150 degrees Celsius is suitable for our sterilization.
 +
                                                    So it is kind of a win-win situation because it do not cost extra energy or money for factory.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="pcontent">Taiwan does not focus on carbon sequestration,
 +
                                                so will Taiwan use our technique? How to reduce the cost?</li>                       
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">From the cost side, it is one thousand per gram because is not large scale
 +
                                                    but only laboratory level. How much cost can be reduced for one ton?
 +
                                                    How much cost can be reduced if we enlarge the scale?
 +
                                                    It does not cost too much reusing the industrial waste.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="pcontent">Now the technology renewable energy is mature,
 +
                                                    why not convert carbon dioxide into energy?
 +
                                                </li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">If we convert it to bio-fuel, the cost is NTD 50 (2 USD) per litter.
 +
                                                    And the price that China Petroleum Corporation (CPC) sells is NTD 30 (1 USD) per litter.
 +
                                                    Although the government will subsidize NTD 20 (1 USD),
 +
                                                    it might not be a long-term strategy. The industrial must find a way to reduce the cost itself.
 +
                                                    Besides, the edible product is more valuable than energy,
 +
                                                    but it also has higher limitation about listing.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </ol>
 +
                                            <div>
 +
                                                <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/85/T--NCKU_Tainan--ITRI2.png">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                </div>
 +
 
 
                                 <div>
 
                                 <div>
                                  <h5 class="smalltitle" id="ANNA">Microalgae cultivation demonstration plant</h5>
+
                                    <h5 class="smalltitle" id="ANNA">Microalgae cultivation demonstration plant</h5>
                                  <div class="centerimg">     
+
                                    <div class="centerimg">     
                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a9/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_chinasteel1.png" alt="china_steel">
+
                                        <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/f1/T--NCKU_Tainan--home_IMG_0047.JPG" alt="Microalgae">
                                  </div>
+
                                    </div>
                                </div>
+
                                    <p class="pcenter">Fig 4. Picture of An-nan interview</p>
 +
                                 
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Process</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">In order to obtain more information about CO<sub>2</sub>.
 +
                                        biofixation, we visited microalgae cultivation in An-nan Campus of National Cheng Kung University
 +
                                        which is a biofixation project managed by Professor Jo-Shu Chang.
 +
                                        The research fellows showed us different scale of microalgae culture system,
 +
                                        including open pond and photoreactor. We also have a discussion about the position of biofixation
 +
                                        in CO<sub>2</sub> emission problem. They shared their experience along the way developing
 +
                                        the whole microalgae fixation system in ten years.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
 
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Suggestion and Question</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">Microalgae cultivation plant and our system both contribute to carbon utilization. The An-nan campus has advanced and well-developed technology. Therefore, the visit was important to us when designing the whole <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system, especially the bioreactor design. Besides, we had a discussion with each other to define the different advantages and disadvantages between different system. For example, the sunlight was a determine factor of microalgae while engineering <i>E. coli</i>. was not sensitive with light intensity. However, microalgae successfully converted CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable bio-products. Therefore, we concluded that different system will have different benefit depending on different demand. 
 +
                                    </p>
 +
 
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Visit record</h5> 
 +
                                    <div class="row">
 +
                                        <a class="btn col-md-12" data-toggle="collapse" href="#NCKU_Annan_campus_interview" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multiCollapseExample1">
 +
                                            Click to see complete interview
 +
                                            <i class="fa fa-arrow-down fa-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>
 +
                                        </a>
 +
                                    </div>   
 +
                                    <div class="collapse multi-collapse" id="NCKU_Annan_campus_interview">
 +
                                        <div class="card card-body">                                                   
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent">Date:August. 8, 10 am.</p>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent">Location:National Cheng Kung University An-nan campus</p>
 +
                                            <br>
 +
                                            <ol>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">Can the microalgae survive with flue gas from the industrial?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">The flue gas from CSC contained about 6~7% CO<sub>2</sub> which is affordable for microalgae cultivation. Some species of microalgae can even survive under higher SOx and NOx condition. Therefore, the flue gas can be piped into microalgae cultivation demonstration plant directly without pre-adjusted.
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">How does microalgae culture control gas flow, temperature and pH?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">With PE material, the air pipeline is plugged into the bottom of the culture pool. The pumped air can also help them stirr. Aspirator connected to a pore on the top to exhaust the net air. Since that the culture pool is implemented under the shade roof, temperature controller isn’t required. Besides, pH condition must be maintained around 7 while pre-culture.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">Before culture the new species of microalgae, how to clean the pool completely? </li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">First, exhaust the medium from the bottom and then jet the water to remove the microalgae attachment. Then, add some bleach to kill the rest of microalgae in the pool. </p>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">Secondly, microalgae in the effluent medium will be separated by centrifugation. The separated microalgae will be storage through lyophilization. The microalgae attachment problem in the pipeline can be cleaned through jetting water and bleached as well.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">What is the value of byproduct?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">The separated microalgae can be used to reed shrimp since that the microalgae is one of the important nutrient sources for shrimp. Through the shrimp farming, it can also extract Lutein which has high commercial value in the market.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                                <li class="licontent">How to select the specie of microalgae?</li>
 +
                                                <p class="pcontent">Before culturing microalgae in the open pond, we will pre-culture in the lab and test it under different conditions. Through many experiments, we can select the final species of microalgae which has the best growth condition, like heat-resisting.
 +
                                                </p> 
 +
 
 +
                                            <h5 class="boldh5">Picture record</h5>
 +
                                            <div class="row">
 +
                                                <div class="col-6">
 +
                                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/51/T--NCKU_Tainan--enterprise_Annan1.jpg">
 +
                                                </div>
 +
                                                <div class="col-6">
 +
                                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d2/T--NCKU_Tainan--enterprise_Annan2.jpg">
 +
                                                </div>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                            <div class="row">
 +
                                                <div class="col-6">
 +
                                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/8/81/T--NCKU_Tainan--enterprise_Annan3.jpg">
 +
                                                </div>
 +
                                                <div class="col-6">
 +
                                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/df/T--NCKU_Tainan--enterprise_Annan4.jpg">
 +
                                                </div>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                </div>
 
                                  
 
                                  
 
                                 <div>   
 
                                 <div>   
                                  <h5 class="smalltitle" id="MBR">King Membrane Energy Technology Inc.</h5>
+
                                    <h5 class="smalltitle" id="MBR">King Membrane Energy Technology Inc.</h5>
                                  <div class="centerimg">   
+
                                    <div class="centerimg">   
                                    <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/a/a9/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_chinasteel1.png" alt="china_steel">
+
                                        <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/9a/T--NCKU_Tainan--MBR1.jpg" alt="china_steel">
                                  </div>
+
                                    </div>
 +
                                    <p class="pcenter">Fig 5. Picture of KME interview</p>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">Sewage problem is a critical issue for every kind of bioreactor and ferment, especially for bioreactor containing genetic modified organism, which must absolutely prevent the organism leaking out and polluting the environment. After designing a bioreactor, we were eager to build up a sewage treatment system. 
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Process</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">On October 12, we visited the King Membrane  Energy Technology company (KME),
 +
                                        which is specialized in producing the Membrane Bio-reactor system.
 +
                                        Different from traditional Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process,
 +
                                        the system they use hollow filter membrane that can filter most of bacteria.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Feedback</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">This technique minimized the area required for sewage treatment,
 +
                                        allowed us to concentrate the medium before extracting bioproducts,
 +
                                        and recycled the water after filtering. After discussing with Dr. Kao, the manager of the company,
 +
                                        we improved our device with the MBR system.
 +
                                        This improvement made us one step closer to a company and eco-friendly bioreactor system.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Picture record</h5>
 +
                                    <div class="row">
 +
                                        <div class="col-6">
 +
                                            <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/5c/T--NCKU_Tainan--MBR2.jpg">
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <div class="col-6">
 +
                                            <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/20/T--NCKU_Tainan--MBR3.png">
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                    <div class="row">
 +
                                        <div class="col-6">
 +
                                            <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/31/T--NCKU_Tainan--MBR4.png">
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <div class="col-6">
 +
                                            <img class="bigimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/92/T--NCKU_Tainan--MBR6.jpg">
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 
                                 </div>
 
                                 </div>
  
Line 263: Line 462:
 
                                 <div id="Business_Model">
 
                                 <div id="Business_Model">
 
                                     <h3>Business Model</h3>
 
                                     <h3>Business Model</h3>
                                 
+
                                     <p class="pcontent">The business model describes how an organization creates,  
                                     <p class="pcontent">The business model describes how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value in an economic, social, cultural, or other environment. Therefore, we introduce this business model as the basis for assessing the integrity and effectiveness of our ideas to work with our industry and even national research .
+
                                        delivers, and captures value in an economic, social, cultural, or other environment.  
First, we ask questions about this, and beyond the solution, we also explain why we chose this question. Second, we analyzed future developments, including the advantages of using this approach. Next , we introduce our plan to many relevant departments and discuss with the national research . I hope that this plan can be used to promote this plan in the future.
+
                                        Therefore, we introduce this business model as the basis for assessing the integrity and  
 +
                                        effectiveness of our ideas to work with our industry and even national research.
 +
                                        First, we ask questions about this, and beyond the solution,  
 +
                                        we also explain why we chose this question. Second, we analyze future developments,  
 +
                                        including the advantages of using this approach.  
 +
                                        Furthermore, we introduce our plan to many relevant departments and discuss with the national research.  
 +
                                        We hope that this plan can be used to promote this plan in the future.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <h5 class="boldh5">Target issue</h5>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">More and more people are now paying attention to the impact of CO<sub>2</sub>.
 +
                                        The trend of environmental degradation is gradually increasing.
 +
                                        Scientist and national worldwide contribute to capture those excessive CO<sub>2</sub>.
 +
                                        However, how to reduce carbon and use it have become a major problem today.
 +
                                        Challenges against carbon process are complicate. Except the technique and implement problem,
 +
                                        social acceptability and policy are aother key factors about carbon process technology.
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
                                    <h5 class="boldh5"> Target issue </h5>
+
                                     <p class="pcontent">In general, planting is a method of carbon process,  
                                    <p class="pcontent">More and more people are now paying attention to the impact of CO<sub>2</sub>. The trend of environmental degradation is gradually increasing. Scientist and national worldwide contribute to capture those excessive CO<sub>2</sub>. However, how to reduce carbon and use it has become a major problem today. Challenges against carbon process are complicate. Except the technique and implement problem, social acceptability and policy are other key factors about carbon process technology.  </p>
+
                                        and green algae is currently being one of carbon utilization.  
                                     <p class="pcontent">In general, planting is a method of carbon process, and the current use of green algae as a method of carbon utilization. This year, we hope to combine synthetic biology with the most advanced technologies. We want to draw people's attention to the environment and reuse these environmentally stimulating projects.  
+
                                        This year, we hope to combine synthetic biology with the most advanced technologies.  
 +
                                        We want to draw people's attention to the environment and reuse these environmentally  
 +
                                        stimulating projects.  
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5"> Business model analysis </h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5"> Business model analysis </h5>
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                                         <img style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/48/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_business_model.png" alt="gasflow">
 
                                         <img style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/48/T--NCKU_Tainan--applied_design_business_model.png" alt="gasflow">
 
                                     </div>
 
                                     </div>
                                     <p class="pcontent">
+
                                     <p class="pcontent"></p>
                                    </p>
+
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5"></h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5"></h5>
 
                                 </div>
 
                                 </div>
Line 282: Line 496:
 
                                 <div id="Cost_Evaluation">
 
                                 <div id="Cost_Evaluation">
 
                                     <h3>Cost Evaluation</h3>
 
                                     <h3>Cost Evaluation</h3>
                                     <p class="pcontent">The cost evaluation is always crucial for product being on the market. To compare our engineered <i>E. coli</i> to microalgae, we
+
                                     <p class="pcontent">The cost evaluation is always crucial for product being on the market.  
                                    calculate how much the cost it would be when capturing 1000 kilograms CO<sub>2</sub>.
+
                                        To compare our engineered <i>E. coli</i> to microalgae,  
 +
                                        we calculate how much the cost it would be when capturing 1 ton of CO<sub>2</sub>.
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
 +
<br>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Volume</h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Volume</h5>
                                     <p class="pcenter" id="closep"> Table 1  Volume require in capturing 1000 kg CO<sub>2</sub> </p>
+
                                     <p class="pcenter" id="closep"> Table 1  Volume required in utilizing 1 ton of CO<sub>2</sub></p>
 
                                     <div class="card card-body">
 
                                     <div class="card card-body">
 
                                         <table>
 
                                         <table>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                                 <th colspan="1">Organisms</th>
 
                                                 <th colspan="1">Organisms</th>
                                                 <th colspan="1">CO<sub>2</sub>-fixation rate (mg/L*hr)</th>
+
                                                 <th colspan="1">CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization rate (mg/L*hr)</th>
 
                                                 <th colspan="1">Biomass concentration (gDCW/L)</th>   
 
                                                 <th colspan="1">Biomass concentration (gDCW/L)</th>   
                                                 <th colspan="1">Specific CO<sub>2</sub>-fixation rate</th>   
+
                                                 <th colspan="1">Specific CO<sub>2</sub>-utilization rate</th>   
                                                 <th colspan="1">Volume needed (L)</th>                                                         
+
                                                 <th colspan="1">Volume requiredd (L)</th>                                                         
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
Line 311: Line 527:
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                         </table>
 
                                         </table>
 +
                                        <br>
 +
                                          <div class="centerimg">
 +
                                            <img style="width: 70%; height: auto;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/31/T--NCKU_Tainan--cost_volume.jpg" alt="volume">
 +
                                          </div>
 +
                                          <p class="pcenter">Fig 6. Different volume required between micralgae and engineered <i>E. coli</i> </p>
 +
                                        <p class="pcontent">
 +
                                        For capturing 1kg of CO<sub>2</sub> in one hour, 51000 L is required with engineered <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization. It seems that the difference volume required for utilizing same amount of CO<sub>2</sub> is disadvantage of <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system. At this situation, we have to look into the design of the different bioreactor. For microalgae culture, it requires a large surface area to increase light intensity. As usual, the height of the  microalgae culture pond cannot exceed 0.5 m. In other words, we have to build a 7 m diameter culture pond with the volume of 19000L. In constrast, engineered <i>E. coli</i> is not limited by light. The bioreactor of <i>E. coli</i> can be built with any height in the indoor or outdoor. To scale up the bioreactor, a 5.8 m diameted with 1.9 m height equals to 51000 L which has lower floor area required.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
                                    <p class="pcontent">As a result,the bioreactor of engineered <i>E. coli</i> can save more than 30% floor area compared with micoralgae culture pond. Take the floor area of Taiwan as an example, we can build 94 billions of microalgae culture pond to uilize 10% of annual emission with 12 operation hours. However, 1 over 3 of floor area will be save if we replace them with <i>E. coli</i> bioreactor. <i>E. coli</i> bioreactor is more flexible on spacing using, and is less sensitive to weather effect.
 +
                                    </p>
 +
 +
                                    <br>
 
                                     </div>
 
                                     </div>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Cost</h5>
 
                                     <h5 class="boldh5">Cost</h5>
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">
 
                                     <p class="pcontent">
 
                                         The most expensive source in the medium of our engineered <i>E. coli</i> is xylose.  
 
                                         The most expensive source in the medium of our engineered <i>E. coli</i> is xylose.  
                                         1 mole xylose will capture 0.17 mole CO<sub>2</sub>,  
+
                                         1 mole of xylose will capture 0.17 mole of CO<sub>2</sub>.
                                        so it would need 20.0535 kilograms xylose and 1 kilogram xylose is cost 2 USD.  
+
                                        Therefore, we need 20.0535 kg of xylose while 1 kg of xylose costs 2 USD.  
                                         The total cost for our engineered <i>E. coli</i> is require 40.107 USD for capture 1 kilogram CO<sub>2</sub>.  
+
                                         The total cost for our engineered <i>E. coli</i> requires 40.107 USD for capture 1 ton of CO<sub>2</sub>.  
                                         In contrast, microalgae need 1000 liter to capture 250 gram CO<sub>2</sub>,  
+
                                         In contrast, microalgae needs 1000 liter to capture 250 g of CO<sub>2</sub>,  
                                         so it need 4000 liter (about 4 Tons) water and 1 tons is cost 9.78 USD (300NT).  
+
                                         so it needs 4000 liter (about 4 tons) water while 1 ton costs 9.78 USD.  
                                         The total cost for microalgae is require 39.13 USD.
+
                                         The total cost for microalgae is 39.13 USD.
 
                                     </p>
 
                                     </p>
                                     <p class="pcenter" id="closep"> Table 2 Cost require in capturing 1000 kg CO<sub>2</sub> </p>
+
                                     <p class="pcenter" id="closep"> Table 2 Cost requireD in capturing 1 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> </p>
 
                                     <div class="card card-body">
 
                                     <div class="card card-body">
 
                                         <table>
 
                                         <table>
Line 332: Line 560:
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">CO<sub>2</sub> utilizing rate</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">CO<sub>2</sub> utilizing rate</td>
                                                 <td colspan="1">250g/m3/day</td>
+
                                                 <td colspan="1">250 g/m<sup>3</sup>/day</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">19.6 mg/g (DRY cell weight)</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">19.6 mg/g (DRY cell weight)</td>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
                                                 <td colspan="1">source required for 1kg CO<sub>2</sub> utilization</td>
+
                                                 <td colspan="1">source required for 1 kg CO<sub>2</sub> utilization</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">4 tons of water</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">4 tons of water</td>
                                                 <td colspan="1">20.0535kg xylose</td>
+
                                                 <td colspan="1">20.0535 kg xylose</td>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">Cost</td>
 
                                                 <td colspan="1">Cost</td>
                                                 <td colspan="1">39.13USD</td>
+
                                                 <td colspan="1">39.13 USD</td>
                                                 <td colspan="1">40.107USD</td>
+
                                                 <td colspan="1">40.107 USD</td>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             <tr>
 
                                             <tr>
Line 351: Line 579:
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                             </tr>
 
                                         </table>
 
                                         </table>
                                         <p class="pcontent">According to our research of mircoalgae culture in AN-nan campus,  
+
                                         <p class="pcontent">We take two major industrial in Taiwan for example, which are China Steel Corporation (CSC) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). We had done some research on annual emission and calculated with our CO<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency. We also set the average carbon emission of small and medium enterprise (SME) as a standard goal which was easier to reach. Therefore, we can model the scale of <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system working for 1 % CO<sub>2</sub> emission of different enterprise.
                                            we list the data of its cost and CO<sub>2</sub> utilization rate to help us optimize our project. As a result, we conclude that Engineered E. coli has a
+
                                        </p>                                       
                                             strong competitive advantage with proper cost to apply it.  
+
                                        <p class="pcenter" id="closep"> Table 3 Cost of dealing with 1 % amount of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emission </p>
 +
                                        <div class="card card-body">
 +
                                            <table>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Industrial</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Annual emission</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">1 % of CO<sub>2</sub> emission per hour</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Number of required device</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Area required</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Operation cost (USD)</th> 
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">CSC</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">3.30 millon tons </td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">3750 kg</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">4555</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">11.3875 hectare</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">150.4 thousands </td>
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">TSMC</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">0.387 millon tons</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">442 kg</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">537</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">1.34 hectare</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">17.3 thousands </td>
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">SME</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">20 thousands tons</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">23.529 kg</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">29</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">0.0713 hectare</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">1 thousands </td>
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                            </table>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <p class="pcontent" id="closep"> We take two major industrial in Taiwan for example,
 +
                                            which are China Steel Corporation (CSC) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
 +
                                            Company (TSMC). We had research on annual emission and calculate with our
 +
                                            CO<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency. Therefore,  
 +
                                            we can model the scale of <i>E. coli</i> carbon utilization system working
 +
                                             for 1 % of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emission.
 
                                         </p>
 
                                         </p>
 +
<br>
 +
                                        <h5 class="boldh5">Energy consumption</h5>
 +
                                        <p class="pcontent">Our bioreactor applies in the industry,
 +
                                            including the magnetic stirrer, pump and controller.
 +
                                            It will cost 3313 USD every month if the price of industrial electricity
 +
                                            is 0.063 USD per kWh.
 +
                                        </p>
 +
                                        <br>
 +
                                        <p class="pcenter"> Table 4 Energy consumption of different items of device </p>
 +
                                        <div class="card card-body">
 +
                                            <table>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1"></th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Magnetic stirrer</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Pump</th>
 +
                                                    <th colspan="1">Controller</th>
 +
                                                   
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">hp</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">2 </td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">none</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">100</td>                                                 
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">kW</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">1.47</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">0.1</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">73.5</td>
 +
                                                 
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">kWh</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">1058.4</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">72</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">52920</td>
 +
                                                   
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                                <tr>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">Price (USD)</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">67.03</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">4.56</td>
 +
                                                    <td colspan="1">3351.6</td>
 +
                                                   
 +
                                                </tr>
 +
                                            </table>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent hpword">* hp = horse power</p>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent hpword">* kW = kilowatt </p>
 +
                                            <p class="pcontent hpword">* kWh = kilowatt per hour in one month</p>
 +
                                        </div>
 
                                     </div>
 
                                     </div>
 
                                 </div>
 
                                 </div>
 
                                  
 
                                  
 
                                 <div id="Reference">
 
                                 <div id="Reference">
                                     <h3>Reference</h3>
+
                                     <h3>References</h3>
 
                                     <ol>
 
                                     <ol>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Fuyu G, Guoxia L, Xiaoyun Z, Jie Z, Zhen C and Yin L. Quantitative analysis of an engineered CO<sub>2</sub>-fixing Escherichia coli reveals great potential of heterotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation. Gong et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8:86.</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Fuyu G, Guoxia L, Xiaoyun Z, Jie Z, Zhen C and Yin L. Quantitative analysis of an engineered CO<sub>2</sub>-fixing Escherichia coli reveals great potential of heterotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation. Gong et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8:86.</li>
Line 367: Line 687:
 
STORAGE, Global CCS Institute, Senior Adviser Policy & Economics, Asia-Pacific Region </li>
 
STORAGE, Global CCS Institute, Senior Adviser Policy & Economics, Asia-Pacific Region </li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Jin Hwan Park, Jae Eun Oh, Kwang Ho Lee, Ji Young Kim, and Sang Yup Lee. Rational Design of Escherichia coli for L‑Isoleucine Production. [ACS Synth Biol.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656230#) 2012</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Jin Hwan Park, Jae Eun Oh, Kwang Ho Lee, Ji Young Kim, and Sang Yup Lee. Rational Design of Escherichia coli for L‑Isoleucine Production. [ACS Synth Biol.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656230#) 2012</li>
                                         <li class="smallp">M. KUNDAK, L. LAZI], J. RNKO. CO<sub>2</sub> EMISSIONS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY. METALURGIJA 48, 2009</li>
+
                                         <li class="smallp">M. KUNDAK, L. LAZI], J. RNKO. CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Steel Idustry. Metalurgija4 8, 2009</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">V. N. Kalpana, D. Sathya Prabhu, S. Vinodhini and Devirajeswari V. Biomedical waste and its management. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">V. N. Kalpana, D. Sathya Prabhu, S. Vinodhini and Devirajeswari V. Biomedical waste and its management. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Qian Ma, Quanwei Zhang, Qingyang Xu, Chenglin Zhang, Yanjun Li, Xiaoguang Fan, Xixian Xie, Ning Chen. Systems metabolic engineering strategies for the production of amino acids. Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2 (2017)</li>
 
                                         <li class="smallp">Qian Ma, Quanwei Zhang, Qingyang Xu, Chenglin Zhang, Yanjun Li, Xiaoguang Fan, Xixian Xie, Ning Chen. Systems metabolic engineering strategies for the production of amino acids. Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2 (2017)</li>
Line 391: Line 711:
 
               }
 
               }
 
             } else {
 
             } else {
               if ($(this).scrollTop() >= 80) {
+
               if ($(this).scrollTop() >= 500) {
 
                 var position = $("#sidelist").position();
 
                 var position = $("#sidelist").position();
 
                   if(position == undefined){}
 
                   if(position == undefined){}

Latest revision as of 13:51, 3 November 2018

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