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{{NCKU_Tainan/header}} {{NCKU_Tainan/navbar}} {{NCKU_Tainan/style}} | {{NCKU_Tainan/header}} {{NCKU_Tainan/navbar}} {{NCKU_Tainan/style}} | ||
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<html> | <html> | ||
− | + | <head> | |
− | <head> | + | <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://2018.igem.org/Template:NCKU_Tainan/css/protocol_style?action=raw&ctype=text/css"> |
− | + | </head> | |
− | </head> | + | <body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar-example"> |
− | + | <div class="container content"> | |
− | <body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar-example"> | + | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
<h1 class="head">Protocol</h1> | <h1 class="head">Protocol</h1> | ||
− | + | <div class="navbar-example"> | |
− | + | <div class="row"> | |
− | + | <div class="col-12"> | |
− | + | <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#sidelist" data-offset="0" class="scrollspy-example"> | |
− | + | <div class="container"> | |
− | + | <div class="row"> | |
− | + | <div class="card-deck"> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#PCR"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
− | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/PCR.jpg" alt="PCR"> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="card-body"> | |
− | + | <h5 class="card-title">PCR</h5> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="modal" id="PCR" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-content"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-header">PCR | |
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="1"> | ||
+ | <li>Gently mix the following reaction by pipetting and centrifuge briefly.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <table class="centertable"> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <th></th> | ||
+ | <th>20 μl system</th> | ||
+ | <th>50 μl system</th> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Template</td> | ||
+ | <td>12~20 ng</td> | ||
+ | <td>30~50 ng</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Forward primer</td> | ||
+ | <td>1.0 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>2.5 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Reverse primer</td> | ||
+ | <td>1.0 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>2.5 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>dNTP</td> | ||
+ | <td>1.6 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>4.0 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>10x Buffer</td> | ||
+ | <td>2.0 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>5.0 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent">Program of KOD DNA polymerase</p> | ||
+ | <table class="centertable"> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <th>Temperature</th> | ||
+ | <th>Time</th> | ||
+ | <th>Repeat</th> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>94 ℃</td> | ||
+ | <td>3 min.</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>94 ℃</br>(Denaturation)</td> | ||
+ | <td>40 sec</td> | ||
+ | <td rowspan="3">25~30 cycles</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>57.5 ℃</br>(Annealing)</td> | ||
+ | <td>30 sec</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>72 ℃</br>(Extension)</td> | ||
+ | <td>Depend on sequence size</br>(2 kbp/min. for Taq)</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>72 ℃</td> | ||
+ | <td>5 min.</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>4 ℃</td> | ||
+ | <td>∞</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="2"> | ||
+ | <li>Confirm the size of the digested product by gel electrophoresis.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Gel purification of the target size.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </br> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="card col-4"> | ||
+ | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Plasmid_Construction"> | ||
+ | <div class="post"> | ||
+ | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | ||
+ | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/Plasmid-Construction.jpg" alt="Plasmid Construction"> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Plasmid Construction</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Plasmid_Construction" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Plasmid Construction | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <div id="Plasmid_Construction"> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Digestion (vector)</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <table class="centertable"> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <th>Plasmid</th> | ||
+ | <th>200 ng</th> | ||
+ | <th>1000 ng</th> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>EcoRI-HF</td> | ||
+ | <td>0.2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>1 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>SpeI-HF</td> | ||
+ | <td>0.2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>1 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>CutSmart Buffer</td> | ||
+ | <td>2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>5 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>ddH<sub>2</sub>O</td> | ||
+ | <td>Up to 20 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>Up to 50 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Digestion at 37℃ for 2.5hr.</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="2"> | ||
+ | <li>Digestion (insert)</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <table class="centertable"> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <th>Plasmid</th> | ||
+ | <th>200 ng</th> | ||
+ | <th>1000 ng</th> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>EcoRI-HF</td> | ||
+ | <td>0.2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>1 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>XbaI</td> | ||
+ | <td>0.2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>1 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>CutSmart Buffer</td> | ||
+ | <td>2 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>5 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>ddH<sub>2</sub>O</td> | ||
+ | <td>Up to 20 μl</td> | ||
+ | <td>Up to 50 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Digestion at 37℃ for 2.5hr.</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="3"> | ||
+ | <li>Confirm the size of the digested product by gel electrophoresis.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Gel purification of the target size.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Ligation</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <table class="centertable"> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <th>Ingredient</th> | ||
+ | <th>Volume</th> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Vector (2 kbp)</td> | ||
+ | <td rowspan="2">molar ratio = 1:3</br>(can be up to 1:10, depends on the sizes of DNA)</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Insert (1.5 kbp)</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Quick Ligase Reaction Buffer (2X)*</td> | ||
+ | <td>10 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>Quick Ligase</td> | ||
+ | <td>1 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td>ddH<sub>2</sub>O</td> | ||
+ | <td>Up to 20 μl</td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="6"> | ||
+ | <li>Transform the product by heat shock.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#PCR_Clean_Up"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
− | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/PCR Clean-Up & Gel Extraction.jpg" alt="Clean Up"> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="card-body"> | |
− | + | <h5 class="card-title">PCR Clean-Up & Gel Extraction</h5> | |
− | + | </div> | |
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="PCR_Clean_Up" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">PCR Clean-Up & Gel Extraction | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Gel Extraction</li> | ||
+ | <ol type="a"> | ||
+ | <li>Excised the DNA fragment from the agarose gel.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Transferred up to 300 mg of the gel slice to a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Added 500 μl of the Gel/PCR Bufffer to the sample and mixed by vortex.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Incubate at 55~60℃ for 10 minutes (or until the gel slice has completely dissolved).</li> | ||
+ | <li>During the incubation, mixed by vortexing the tube every 2~3 minutes.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Cooled the dissolved sample mixture to the room temperature.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <h3>DNA Binding</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="2"> | ||
+ | <li>Placed a PG Column in a Collection Tube. Apply the supernatant to the PG Column by decanting or pipetting.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuged at 16,000 xg for 30 seconds.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Discarded the flow-through and place the PG Column back into the same collection tube.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <h3>Wash</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="5"> | ||
+ | <li>Added 400 μl of the Buffer W1 into the PG Column.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuged at 16,000 xg for 30 seconds.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Discarded the flow-through and place the PG Column back into the same collection tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Added 600 μl of the Buffer W2 (ethanol added) into the PG Column.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuged at 16,000 xg for 30 seconds.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Discarded the flow-through and place the PG Column back into the same collection tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuged at 16,000 xg again for 2 minutes to remove the residual Buffer W2.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <h3>Elution</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol start="12"> | ||
+ | <li>To elute the DNA, placed the PG Column in a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Added 50 μl of the H2O (pH is between 7.0 and 8.5) to the center of each PG | ||
+ | Column, let it stand for at least 2 minutes, and centrifuge at 16,000 xg for 2 min. | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | <div class="row"> | |
− | + | <div class="card-deck"> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Plasmid_Extraction"> | |
− | <li> | + | <div class="post"> |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
− | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/wiki-Plasmid extraction.jpg" alt="Extraction"> | |
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Plasmid Extraction</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Plasmid_Extraction" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Plasmid Extraction | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Transfer 1.4 ml of well-grown bacterial culture to a centrifuge tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuge the tube at 16,000 xg for 1 minute to pellet the cells and | ||
+ | discard the supernatant completely.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 200 µl of FAPD1 Buffer (RNaseA added) to the cell pellet and resuspend | ||
+ | the cells completely by pipetting.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Make sure that RNaseA has been added into FAPD1 Buffer when first use.</li> | ||
+ | <li>No cell pellet should be visible after resuspension of the cells.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <li>Add 200 µl of FAPD2 Buffer and gently invert the tube 5 ~ 10 times. | ||
+ | Incubate | ||
+ | the sample mixture at room temperature for 2 ~ 5 minutes to lyse the cells.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Do not vortex, vortex may shear genomic DNA. If necessary, continue | ||
+ | inverting the tube until the lysate become clear.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Make sure the tube transfer to clarify from turbid.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Do not proceed with the incubation over 5 minutes.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <li>Add 300 µl of FAPD3 Buffer and invert the tube 5 ~ 10 times immediately to | ||
+ | neutralize the lysate.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Invert immediately after adding FAPD3 Buffer will avoid asymmetric precipitation.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuge at 16,000 xg for 3 minutess. to clarify the lysate. During | ||
+ | centrifugation, place a FAPD Column in a Collection Tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Transfer the supernatant carefully to the FAPD Column and centrifuge at | ||
+ | 16,000 xg for 1 minute. Discard the flow-through and place the column back to the Collection Tube.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Do not transfer any white pellet into the column.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <li>Add 400 µl of W1 Buffer to the FAPD Column and centrifuge at 16,000 xg for 1 | ||
+ | minute. Discard the flow-through and place the column back to the Collection Tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 600 µl of Wash Buffer to the FAPD Column and centrifuge at 16,000 xg for | ||
+ | 1 minute. Discard the flow-through and place the column back to the Collection Tube.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Make sure that ethanol (96 ~ 100 %) has been added into Wash Buffer when first use.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <li>Centrifuge at 16,000 xg for an additional 3 minutes to dry the FAPD Column.</li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Important step! The residual liquid should be removed thoroughly on this step.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <li>Place the FAPD Column to a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 30 µl of Elution Buffer or ddH2O to the membrane center of the FAPD | ||
+ | Column. Stand the column for 3 minute. | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Important step! For effective elution, make sure that the elution solution is | ||
+ | dispensed on the membrane center and is absorbed completely.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Do not elute the DNA using less than suggested volume (50 µl). It will lower the final yield.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <li>Centrifuge at 16,000 xg for 3 minute to elute plasmid DNA and store the DNA | ||
+ | at -20 ℃. | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card col-4"> | ||
+ | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#DNS_Reductive_Sugar_Measurement"> | ||
+ | <div class="post"> | ||
+ | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | ||
+ | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/" alt="DNS"> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">DNS Reductive Sugar Measurement</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="DNS_Reductive_Sugar_Measurement" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">DNS Reductive Sugar Measurement | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <h3>DNS solution preparation:</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Disolve 2.5g of 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) to 150ml double distilled water.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Heat to solution to 45 degree Celsius and add 4g of NaOH. Stir the solution until it is transparent.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 75g of potassium sodium tartrate and add water to 250 ml.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Keep the solution without light exposure. The solution can be used after 7 days.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <h3>Principle:</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pblack"> | ||
+ | Under base solution, DNS will turn to brown color while | ||
+ | reacting with reductive sugar in high temperature. In the specific temperature | ||
+ | range, the color will have linear relationship with the reductive sugar concentration. | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <h3>Calibration:</h3> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Prepare glucose or xylose water solution to the following | ||
+ | concentration: 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.6, 2 g/L.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Take 200 ul of sample, add 200 ul of DNS solution.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Heat the sample at 100 degree Celsius for 10mins.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Cool down the sample with ice to room temperature.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Measure the optical density of the sample with 540nm light wavelength.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Draw the graph of sugar concentration with respect to optical density.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <h3>Calibration results:</h3></br> | ||
+ | <img class="contentimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fa/T--NCKU_Tainan--home_42846829_332575510640801_8298239152197992448_n.png"> | ||
+ | <h3>Measurement:</h3></br> | ||
+ | <p class="pcontent"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Take 200 ul of sample, add 200 ul of DNS solution.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Heat the sample at 100 degree Celsius for 10mins.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Cool down the sample with ice to room temperature.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Measure the optical density of the sample with 540nm light wavelength.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Get the concentration of reductive sugar from the Calibration graph.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card col-4"> | ||
+ | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Long_term_pH_alert_system_measurement"> | ||
+ | <div class="post"> | ||
+ | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | ||
+ | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/Long term pH sensor measurement.jpg" alt="Long term"> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Long term pH alert system measurement</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Long_term_pH_alert_system_measurement" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Long term pH alert system measurement | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Preculture the bacteria o/n in LB, and prepared 8 different | ||
+ | (pH4,4.25,4.5,4.75,5,5.5,6,7) pH value of M9 buffer.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 1/100 of the bacteria in 20 ml of different pH value of M9 buffer with | ||
+ | 1/1000 chloramphenicol.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Culture the bacteria in the incubator in 37℃for 24 hr.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Measure the O.D. value (595 nm) and the fluorescence value (485-535nm ) at every 1 hr , within 24 hr.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | < | + | <div class="row"> |
− | + | <div class="card-deck"> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Short_term"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
+ | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/Short term pH sensor measurement.jpg" alt="Short term"> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Short term pH alert systen measurement</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Short_term" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Short term pH alert systen measurement | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Preculture the bacteria o/n in LB, and prepared 8 different | ||
+ | (pH4,4.25,4.5,4.75,5,5.5,6,7) pH value of M9 buffer.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Culture the bacteria in 6 ml LB with 1/1000 chloramphenicol to log phase (about 1.5-2hr)</li></br> | ||
+ | <li>Divide 6 ml of bacteria into 8 eppendorfs, and centrifuged them at 1300 rpm | ||
+ | for 1 mins in 37 ℃, then discard the supernatant completely.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 700 μl per different pH value of M9 buffer into 8 different eppendorfs, | ||
+ | respectively . And resuspend the cells completely by pipetting.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 200 μl of bacteria in 96 well (This step need triple repetition.)</li> | ||
+ | <li>Measure the O.D.595 nm at the first and the last time point , and the | ||
+ | fluorescence value (485-535nm ) at every 180 sec, within 30 mins.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Carbonic_Anhydrase_Activity_Assay"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | < | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> |
− | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/Carbonic anhydrase activity assay.jpg" alt="assay"> | |
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Assay</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Carbonic_Anhydrase_Activity_Assay" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Assay | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <h3>Materials:</h3> | ||
+ | <p> | ||
+ | pH meter, enzyme samples, magnetic stirrer, saturated CO2 solution, 20 mM Tris-HCl | ||
+ | buffer (pH8.3), 20mL borosilicate glass vial | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | <h3>Method:</h3> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li>Saturated CO2 solution preparation</li> | ||
+ | <p>Dissolve gaseous CO2 into deionized water (on ice) until it is saturated. (At least 30 min)</p> | ||
+ | <li>20 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH8.3) preparation</li> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Dissolve 121.14 g Tris in 800 ml deionized water.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add a pH meter into the solution to observe the pH.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Slowly add concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to reduce the pH to | ||
+ | 8.3. Be careful not to add too much at a time, since the pH will change rapidly.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Once the desired pH has been reached, top up the solution to 1 L using deionized water.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | <li>Performing Blank Reaction</li> | ||
+ | <ol start="5"> | ||
+ | <li>Add 9 mL ice-cold Tris−HCl (20 mM, pH8.3) buffer into a 20 mL borosilicate | ||
+ | glass vial with further incubation at 0 °C with stirring.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 6 mL of ice-cold CO2-saturated solution immediately into the vial.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Record the time course, T<sub>0</sub> (in sec) of pH decrease from 8.3 to | ||
+ | 6.3. The pH meter must be preset to 0°C and calibrated.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | <li>Performing Test-Sample Reaction</li> | ||
+ | <ol start="8"> | ||
+ | <li>Mix 9 mL ice-cold Tris−HCl (20 mM, pH8.3) buffer and 0.2 mL enzyme, transfer | ||
+ | the mixture to a 20 mL borosilicate glass vial with further incubation at 0 °C with stirring.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Add 6 mL of ice-cold CO2-saturated solution immediately into the vial.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Record the time course, T (in sec) of pH decrease from 8.3 to 6.3. The pH | ||
+ | meter must be preset to 0°C and calibrated.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Calculate CA activity using a Wilbur–Anderson unit (WAU) per milliliter of sample.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <h3>Calculation:</h3> | ||
+ | <div> | ||
+ | <p> | ||
+ | Units/ml of enzyme = (T<sub>0 Average</sub> - T<sub>Average</sub> ) (df) / (T<sub>Average</sub> )(E) | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <p>T = Time (in seconds) required for pH to change from 8.3 to 6.3 as per Unit Definition</p> | ||
+ | <p>df = dilution factor</p> | ||
+ | <p>E= volume (in milliliters) of enzyme used</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Competent_Cell_Preparation"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
− | </ | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/" alt="Total solution"> |
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="card-body"> | ||
+ | <h5 class="card-title">Competent Cell Preparation</h5> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal" id="Competent_Cell_Preparation" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-content"> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-header">Competent Cell Preparation | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | ||
+ | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> | ||
+ | </button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-body"> | ||
+ | <p>For <i>E. coli</i> DH5α,BL21(DE3) and W3100(DE3) competent cell | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li>Streak out wild type <i>E. coli</i> on a plate (LB plate without antibiotics) overnight | ||
+ | and pick one colony into 3 ml of media (LB) and grow overnight.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Transfer 0.4 ml of starter culture into 40 ml of fresh LB and grow culture at 37 ℃.</li> | ||
+ | <li>When the OD600 nm up to 0.35, put the cells on ice immediately.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Spin the cells at 4℃ for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Suspend the pellet on ice carefully with 16 ml chilly Transformation Buffer 1(TFB1).</li> | ||
+ | <li>Leave nicely suspended bugs on ice for 10 minutes.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Spin the cells at 4℃ for 10 min. at 4000 rpm.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Suspend the pellet on ice with 1.6 ml of Transformation Buffer 2 (TFB2).</li> | ||
+ | <li>Leave on immediately on ice for 30 minutes.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Aliquot 100 μl into 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes and snap freeze immediately with liquid nitrogen.</li> | ||
+ | <li>Store the frozen cells in the -80℃ freezer.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="modal-footer"> | ||
+ | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | <div class="row"> | |
− | + | <div class="card-deck"> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4"> | |
− | + | <div class="action-button" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#Total_Solution"> | |
− | + | <div class="post"> | |
− | + | <span class="folded-corner"></span> | |
− | + | <img class="card-img-top" src="picture/Carbonic anhydrase activity assay.jpg" alt="Total solution"> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="card-body"> | |
− | + | <h5 class="card-title">Total Solution</h5> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="modal" id="Total_Solution" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-content"> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-header">Total Solution | |
− | + | <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> | |
− | < | + | <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> |
− | + | </button> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-body"> | |
− | + | <ol> | |
− | + | <li>Preculture the bacteria overnight by picking up a colony in 4ml LB with antibiotic.</li> | |
− | + | <li>Culture the bacteria in 30 ml LB by adding 1/100 of precultured broth, 1/2000 | |
− | + | kanamycin, 1/4000 chloramphenicol to log phase(about 3 hr).</li> | |
− | + | <li>Centrifuge them in 22℃ ,3200xg for 5 minutes , then refresh by the M9 medium with 4%xylose and 0.1%LB.</li> | |
− | + | <li>Culture the bacteria for 24 hr in both O<sub>2</sub> and 5%CO<sub>2</sub> incubator, and test the O.D. value at every 6 hours.</li> | |
− | + | </ol> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="modal-footer"> | |
− | + | <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4 disappear" style="background-color: #272625; border-style: none;"></div> | |
− | + | <div class="card col-4 disappear" style="background-color: #272625; border-style: none;"></div> | |
− | + | </div> | |
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Revision as of 15:21, 30 September 2018