Difference between revisions of "Team:NEFU China/Background"

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<h1>Background</h1>
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<h1 style="height: 80px;color: orange!important;">Background</h1>
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.<br>
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Since ancient time, people have been seeking safe ways of information storage and transfer to combat message leaks that have recently become a public security problem and great concerns all over the world. To overcome this, encryption technologies have been developed and widely used to ensure the safety of important information.
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        But since few have marked down their own prices in line with the metal's fall, they will be able to recoup much of the difference. Not so the producers, whose income is directly related to the fluctuating daily price on the London Metal Exchange.<br>
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        The Japanese have their electronics, the Germans their engineering. But when it comes to command of global markets, the U.S. owns the service sector.<br>
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        Meanwhile, pressure has been growing from the car companies. GM ships about 60% of its cars and trucks with Ryder, while Chrysler ships some 40%.<br>
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        First of all, current modest demand growth will not support any more increases that large. Second, now that manufacturers have worked to get their inventories lower, they will be cautious about adding goods in coming months.<br>
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These are two steps:
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.
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The Japanese have their electronics, the Germans their engineering. But when it comes to command of global markets, the U.S. owns the service sector.<br>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/58/T--NEFU_China--Figure_1.png" alt="Figure1" id="Figure1-img">
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<h2 id="Figure1-title">Figure 1: This is Figure 1.</h2>
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.<br>
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<h1>Background first title</h1>
 
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.<br>
 
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.<br>
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    For example, the Da Vinci Cryptograph was commonly used in the Tang Dynasty. If the messages were retrieved in a wrong way, the letter with the white phosphorus would be self-destroyed.
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So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in the second quarter - a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in health care costs, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace on record.<br>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--NEFU_China--Figure_2.png" alt="Figure1" id="Figure1-img">
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<h2 id="Figure1-title">Figure 1: This is Figure 1.</h2>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--NEFU_China--Figure_2.png" alt="Figure2" id="Figure2-img">
 
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--NEFU_China--Figure_2.png" alt="Figure2" id="Figure2-img">
 
<h2 id="Figure2-title">Figure 2: This is Figure 2.</h2>
 
<h2 id="Figure2-title">Figure 2: This is Figure 2.</h2>
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    However, these self-destruction approaches could not provide sufficient confidentiality. Then the steganography technique was developed, by which the information could only be present after special treatments, like dipped in alum water, instead of being read directly with naked eyes.
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In 1854, the Playfair cipher invented by Charles Wheatstone made the English alphabet frequency statistical analysis useless. This method is convenient and safe to be used, which also provides a great reference to our password books.
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--NEFU_China--Figure_2.png" alt="Figure3" id="Figure3-img">
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<h2 id="Figure3-title">Figure 3: This is Figure 3.</h2>
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    Recently, two biological encryption systems built on the spores of Bacillus subtilis have been used to safely send a key and an encrypted message, respectively. Based on the previous work, we planned to establish a DNA-based information storage and transmission system of high safety using the knowledge and techniques of synthetic biology and computer science, and this time, we used yeast to achieve our goal.
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/2f/T--NEFU_China--Figure_2.png" alt="Figure4" id="Figure4-img">
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<h2 id="Figure4-title">Figure 3: This is Figure 3.</h2>
 
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The Japanese have their electronics, the Germans their engineering. But when it comes to command of global markets, the U.S. owns the service sector.<br>
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In this project, we built an information storage and transfer system with high security on using yeast spores, which consists of six modules, including “CODING”, “WRITE IN”, “LOCKING”, “MISLEADING”, “TIME DELAY SUICIDE” and “READ OUT”. Together with the computation methods developed in this project, we designed and incorporated a considerable number of genetic parts into the six modules above to ensure the safety of information stored in and transferred using our system.  
 
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Revision as of 15:51, 14 October 2018

Background

Background

Since ancient time, people have been seeking safe ways of information storage and transfer to combat message leaks that have recently become a public security problem and great concerns all over the world. To overcome this, encryption technologies have been developed and widely used to ensure the safety of important information.



For example, the Da Vinci Cryptograph was commonly used in the Tang Dynasty. If the messages were retrieved in a wrong way, the letter with the white phosphorus would be self-destroyed.

Figure1

Figure 1: This is Figure 1.
Figure2

Figure 2: This is Figure 2.

However, these self-destruction approaches could not provide sufficient confidentiality. Then the steganography technique was developed, by which the information could only be present after special treatments, like dipped in alum water, instead of being read directly with naked eyes.

In 1854, the Playfair cipher invented by Charles Wheatstone made the English alphabet frequency statistical analysis useless. This method is convenient and safe to be used, which also provides a great reference to our password books.

Figure3

Figure 3: This is Figure 3.

Recently, two biological encryption systems built on the spores of Bacillus subtilis have been used to safely send a key and an encrypted message, respectively. Based on the previous work, we planned to establish a DNA-based information storage and transmission system of high safety using the knowledge and techniques of synthetic biology and computer science, and this time, we used yeast to achieve our goal.

Figure4

Figure 3: This is Figure 3.

In this project, we built an information storage and transfer system with high security on using yeast spores, which consists of six modules, including “CODING”, “WRITE IN”, “LOCKING”, “MISLEADING”, “TIME DELAY SUICIDE” and “READ OUT”. Together with the computation methods developed in this project, we designed and incorporated a considerable number of genetic parts into the six modules above to ensure the safety of information stored in and transferred using our system.




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