Difference between revisions of "Team:Pasteur Paris/TrainingThomas4"

 
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        <p>In science fiction movies, some amputees are equipped with incredibly efficient bionic prostheses that enable them to accomplish everyday gestures as any valid person would. Presently, the very best equipment that can be offered to amputees is still far from meeting their expectations or those seen in the movies</p>
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<p><i>This year iGEM Pasteur Paris attended multiple events with the purpose of spreading information about what iGEM is, inside and outside scientific fields. We decided not to limit ourselves to the Parisian region, so we travelled all around France and even to Denmark talking about our project NeuronArch. Our talks were not only with biologists but with physicists, mathematicians, chemists. We wanted also to speak with middle and high school students and even children, trying to vulgarize our project, synthetic biology and science in order to spark vocations.  </i></p>
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<p>The Translational Research Day is a full day mini symposium dedicated to translational research. The event was organized at Institut Pasteur (Paris) from 2007 by the former Center for Human Immunology. Since 2015, it is organized by the Translational Research Center. This year, it focuses on gathering scientists working on neuropsychology, microbiota and angering. We had the pleasure to share our ideas and present to the scientific world for the first time our team’s projet NeuronArch through our first poster. </p>
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        <p>We decided to create a universal biological interface that would be able to connect the residual nerves from the amputees’ limbs to the prostheses. We show up with the creation of a Biofilm coated on the implants. Bacteria secreting neurotrophins (e.g. proNGF) from the interface to help the nerves grow back towards the prothesis.</p>
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        <p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0;"><i><b>With this innovation came the necessity to have the device surgically osseointegrated to the patient</b></i></p>
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<p>The Young Researchers in Life Sciences (YRLS) is one of the most important spring conference. We participated in the 9<sup>th</sup> edition conference held from the May 2<sup>nd</sup> -4<sup>th</sup> at Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris. Young researchers presented their projects through a scientific poster, like we did, and gave us some precious advices on the experiments to come.</p>
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<p>Viva Technology is a commercial fair dedicated to technological innovations in Paris. On may 24th, we attended the “welcome to the bionic age” conference hosted by David Aguilar Amphoux, Moran Cerf, and Ernesto Martinez Villalpando. During one hour, they spoke about bionic prosthesis and how do we make, use and connect them directly to the human brain. </p>
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        <p>This opened our minds to a huge challenge with orthopedic implants: infectious biofilms. They frequently develop around implants and cause heavy infections, very resistant to antibiotics. Our strategy concentrate efforts on fighting against <i>S. aureus</i>, by disturbing the quorum sensing. This mechanism regulates and coordinates the biofilm’s architecture and the production of toxins and virulence factors. </p>
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<p>Members of our team flew to Denmark to attend Biofilms 8 conference held in May 27-29 in Aarhus University. The conference gathered experts from all around the world in the field of bacterial communities and biofilm way of life. We presented our poster during poster sessions to biologists, doctors and engineers. This conference allowed us to further exchange with Françoise Van Bambeke, Doctor in Pharmaceutical Science in the University of Louvain, Belgium, who has been working for years on the pharmacological fight against biofilm. Exchanging with her confirmed us that acting on Quorum sensing to avoid biofilm formation could be an efficient approach, and she advised us to try to investigate on the advantages of our synthetic biology approach compared to classic pharmacologic solutions. </p>
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        <p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0;"><i><b>We decided to tackle both problems at the same time, using synthetic biology to add a barrier of protection against pathogenic bacteria directly into our device.</i></b></p>
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<p>Few members of the team also participated in the 14th International Conference on Organic Electronics being held on June 18-22 in Bordeaux. ICOE brought together the most excellent researchers from academy as well as industry to discuss fundamental aspects of organic semiconductors, demonstrate their vision of the road-map of organic electronics and to exchange ideas on future materials, technologies and applications. You may ask yourself why our team attended this conference full of physicists and chemists. For our system, we were looking for a membrane capable of confining our biofilm and conduct a signal at the same time. During this 3-days conference, we presented our project during a poster session and met many scientists who advised us to use PEDOT, a conductive polymer and who also advised us on the type of cells we should use, such as Dr. Sahika Inal, assistant professor at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and Dr. Róisín M. Owens, currently engineering for developing in vitro biological models. </p>
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        <p>We designed this interface as something that could become the new standard, something that would then be connected to any bionic prosthesis, and that would allow a much greater control of movement. We mixed synthetic biology with disciplines like physics and industrial design to come up with the following prototype. </p>
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<p>The use of neural networks is not confining inside new types of prosthesis. Indeed, continuous advances in machine learning have enabled groundbreaking progress in diverse fields such as computer vision or strategy games by making use of artificial neural networks. In parallel, new technologies for recording and manipulating biological neural networks allow us to probe the behavioral function of neuronal activity in unprecedented detail.</p>
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        <p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0;">Since we began working on NeuronArch, we have all endeavored to make it become something real.</br> We hope you will have as much fun discovering our project through our wiki as we had making it.</p>
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<p>This event organized by the Institut Pasteur, brought together leading experts in the fields of biology, applied mathematics and physics, aiming to bridge our current understanding of how biological and artificial neural networks operate. Naturally, participating to this event was a major boost for our project NeuronArch. We presented a scientific poster with our results and got really good feedbacks from professionals on how to push it further. </p>
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<p>The national Science Fair is held every year all over France to vulgarize science to children, teenagers and families. This year the Pasteur Team decided to take part of this event inside the ESPCI school, creating multiple stands around what is DNA and how you can modify organisms with synthetic biology. To illustrate this, we used Légo, sweets and paper, allowing children and the general public to understand the potential of synthetic biology.</p>
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<p>We organized stands, open for children and adults on different themes: “What is DNA?”, “Creation of Synthetic Biology and GMOs”, “Application of Synthetic Biology”, “iGEM and NeuronArch”. With the help of a student of “École Boulle”, an Art Graduate School, we also developed a game, an interactive comic, to help embody synthetic biology for the youngest. </p>
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<p>This initiative was taken to vulgarize and spark vocations to middle schoolers. A few members of our team supervised a middle school class at the Madame de Stael School and presented them the basis of biology, and what synthetic Biology could offer in this day of age. We also supervised them and show in a very concrete way what laboratory manipulations are by teaching them protein crystallization.</p>
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<p>Organized by the 3rd year bachelor’s students of the University Evry-Val-d’Essonne, the event has the ambition to reunite public and private actors of research around vulgarized broad scientific themes. Researchers from the University Evry-Val-d’Essonne and the Genopole (a biopark dedicated to biotechnology and genetic), as well as entrepreneurs in biotechnology, were reunited. The event is also open to high schoolers and the general public. Were presented articles on genetic therapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, the use of phagotherapy and also the potential of synthetic biology. We were invited by the bachelor’s students to present our project NeuronArch during the day, in front of hundred people crowd composed of high school students, researcher and engineers. The afternoon, we discussed with professionals and students, presenting them our poster and allowing ideas to flow. </p>
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<p>We participated at the event Body and Prosthesis organized by UPMC Sorbonne University, in Paris. We heard about this event through the association ADEPA. ADEPA stands for “Association de Défense et d’Etude des Personnes Amputés », which translates to « Association for the Defense and Study of Amputated People ». This national association was created in 1996 and aims to unite forces between handicapped people. They are representing the community during ministerial commissions and try to help people in their day to day live with the handicap by giving support and finding solutions. Every year, they organize multiple seminars in the big cities of France such as Strasbourg, Grenoble and Lyon. We participated in the session organized in Paris on the theme “Assist, Repair and Replace.” We had the pleasure to attend this session, listening the experiences of doctors, Ph. D students, amputees and handicapped people. We also presented our project in one slide and gave a poster presentation during the breaks, getting advices and feedbacks from doctors and amputees at the same time. </p>
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Latest revision as of 13:36, 17 October 2018

""

In science fiction movies, some amputees are equipped with incredibly efficient bionic prostheses that enable them to accomplish everyday gestures as any valid person would. Presently, the very best equipment that can be offered to amputees is still far from meeting their expectations or those seen in the movies

We decided to create a universal biological interface that would be able to connect the residual nerves from the amputees’ limbs to the prostheses. We show up with the creation of a Biofilm coated on the implants. Bacteria secreting neurotrophins (e.g. proNGF) from the interface to help the nerves grow back towards the prothesis.

With this innovation came the necessity to have the device surgically osseointegrated to the patient

This opened our minds to a huge challenge with orthopedic implants: infectious biofilms. They frequently develop around implants and cause heavy infections, very resistant to antibiotics. Our strategy concentrate efforts on fighting against S. aureus, by disturbing the quorum sensing. This mechanism regulates and coordinates the biofilm’s architecture and the production of toxins and virulence factors.

We decided to tackle both problems at the same time, using synthetic biology to add a barrier of protection against pathogenic bacteria directly into our device.

We designed this interface as something that could become the new standard, something that would then be connected to any bionic prosthesis, and that would allow a much greater control of movement. We mixed synthetic biology with disciplines like physics and industrial design to come up with the following prototype.

Since we began working on NeuronArch, we have all endeavored to make it become something real.
We hope you will have as much fun discovering our project through our wiki as we had making it.