Chromatin-Modifying Elements Overview

Eukaryotic chassis vary significantly from prokaryotic chassis in certain elements pertaining to regulation of gene expression. Eukaryotes have a complex epigenetic code that involves histone modifications and DNA methylation, as well as innate defense mechanisms that target exogenous DNA inserts. These factors contribute to the gradual reduction in expression of an integrated gene over time, commonly known as gene silencing. Furthermore, integrated genetic constructs often contain DNA regulatory elements such as enhancers and promoters that may interact bidirectionally with those endogenous to the genome. Known as neighbourhood effects, these interactions can lead to highly variable and unpredictable expression levels of all genes involved.

In order to mitigate the aforementioned issues, our team investigated eukaryotic chromatin-modifying elements (CMEs). Within this broad category of DNA elements, insulators and ubiquitously-acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs) were selected for further exploration due to their unique properties.

Insulators

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Consequuntur, totam laudantium, dolor porro laboriosam illo tenetur velit nulla corrupti quasi non eum amet quod dolores, doloremque eius ad temporibus perferendis! Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sit explicabo suscipit similique id expedita cum consequatur voluptatibus consectetur adipisci beatae unde, cupiditate inventore. Quis officiis quam porro a expedita non.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Temporibus rerum vel eius ut dolore, ab obcaecati officiis modi porro, sunt deleniti, consequatur assumenda asperiores aliquid recusandae tenetur neque quae suscipit! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Optio a quam iusto quo, nesciunt odit fuga, similique aspernatur veritatis nemo commodi libero nobis magnam necessitatibus, quidem maiores error debitis minima. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Quam ipsum consequatur, deserunt assumenda odio natus. Quis, ea dolor! Voluptas dolore, facere cum illo sunt consectetur nam a soluta optio perferendis.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Rerum sit perferendis eum delectus odit vero saepe, dignissimos aspernatur et libero quisquam minima soluta a suscipit tempora dolores non aliquid ratione? Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sunt excepturi quod, doloribus et asperiores similique tempora, mollitia possimus doloremque officia deleniti eius aut dolorum fuga reiciendis adipisci esse quisquam quae.

Ubiquitously-Acting Chromatin Opening Elements (UCOEs)

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Consequuntur, totam laudantium, dolor porro laboriosam illo tenetur velit nulla corrupti quasi non eum amet quod dolores, doloremque eius ad temporibus perferendis! Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sit explicabo suscipit similique id expedita cum consequatur voluptatibus consectetur adipisci beatae unde, cupiditate inventore. Quis officiis quam porro a expedita non.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Temporibus rerum vel eius ut dolore, ab obcaecati officiis modi porro, sunt deleniti, consequatur assumenda asperiores aliquid recusandae tenetur neque quae suscipit! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Optio a quam iusto quo, nesciunt odit fuga, similique aspernatur veritatis nemo commodi libero nobis magnam necessitatibus, quidem maiores error debitis minima. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Quam ipsum consequatur, deserunt assumenda odio natus. Quis, ea dolor! Voluptas dolore, facere cum illo sunt consectetur nam a soluta optio perferendis.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Rerum sit perferendis eum delectus odit vero saepe, dignissimos aspernatur et libero quisquam minima soluta a suscipit tempora dolores non aliquid ratione? Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sunt excepturi quod, doloribus et asperiores similique tempora, mollitia possimus doloremque officia deleniti eius aut dolorum fuga reiciendis adipisci esse quisquam quae.