Lab notebook

The notebook is a chronological overview of what has happened in the lab. It is organized after each experiment.

Cloning

Making BioBricks

Liposome characterization

Onion characterization

Leakiness characterization

Membranes and microscope

Week 28

Learning to make liposomes – 12/07/18

We were introduced to the process of making liposomes by the nice people in Nikos Hatzakis lab, Søren Schmidt-Rasmussen Nielsen and Mette Galsgaard Malle who gave us the Preparing liposomes protocol. We made some tryout liposomes, that were flashed freezed and stored in -20 oC.

Selma, Sofia and Attila

Week 34

Transforming SIEC strains with GFP plasmids – 24/08/18

To visualize our bacteria in the microscope together with a membrane we needed it transformed with a GFP plasmid with constitutive expression. We used plasmids from the distribution kit that functioned as Test Device 1 (BBa_J36400) and positive control (BBa_I20270) in the InterLab study. Transformation as described in Transformation protocol until step 14, the following combinations of strain and plasmid was made:

• SIEC x BBa_J36400
• SIEC x BBa_I20270
• SIECΔp1 x BBa_J36400
• SIECΔp1 x BBa_I20270

Plates were made from agar and LB with chloramphenicol (34 μg/mL) (CAM). Plates with bacteria spent 17 hours in the incubator before being kept in fridge. Conclusion: hereafter we used the bacteria transformed with BBa_I20270.

Selma

Week 35

Testing transformed bacteria for fluorescence – 27/08/18

To test if the transformation was successful fluorescence were measured on a plate reader. Colonies from transformation 24/08/18 was picked into 50 mL falcon tubes with 5 mL LB media that also contained 1% arabinose (not necessary). Incubated at 37 oC at 130 rpm for 6 hours. Triplicates of each 100 μL of culture was pipetted into wells of a 96 well-plate. Fluorescence and absorbance was measured. RESULTS, distribution AND SETTINGS Glycerol stocks were made. Conclusion: because a negative control was forgotten, results were inconclusive.

Selma

Co-transformations of SIEC strains 1 – 28/08/18

We made co-transformed bacteria for the membrane experiments that needed bacteria with both a reporter to visualize the bacteria and and the T3SS signal tagged reporter. We used constitutive active GFP, BBa_I20260, in a plasmid with a kanamycin resistance gene found in the distribution kit plate 4 well 18A. For our signal tagged reporter, we used mCherry plasmids made the xx/xx/18 by Nat. Transformation as described in Transformation protocol until step 14, the following combinations of strain and plasmid was made:

• T1: SIEC x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x ss-mCherry (repeats a and b)
• T2: SIECΔp1 x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x ss-mCherry (repeats a and b)
• T3: SIEC x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x Chaperone-ss-mCherry
• T4: SIECΔp1 x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x Chaperone-ss-mCherry
• T5: Mach1 x plasmid plate 4: 18:A

For the co-transformations plates were made with LB and agar with both kanamycin (50 μg/mL) (KAN) and CAM. Before plating, the bacteria was spinned down, 800 μL supernatant was discarded and bacteria resuspended. Mach1 with plasmid plate 4: 18:A were plated on CAM plates for backup of the plasmid. Plates with bacteria spent 15 hours in incubator. Colony count:

 

Transformation	Colonies
T1,a	3
T1,b	0
T2,a	1
T2,b	4
T3	0
T4	0

Conclusion: only co-transformations with plasmids without chaperones gave colonies.

Selma

Testing transformed bacteria for fluorescence – 29/08/18

To test if the transformation was successful fluorescence were measured on a plate reader. Colonies from transformation 28/08/18 was picked into 50 mL falcon tubes with 5 mL LB media that also contained 1% arabinose. Incubated at 37 oC at 130 rpm for 5 hours. Triplicates of each 100 μL of culture was pipetted into wells of a 96 well-plate. Fluorescence and absorbance was measured. RESULTS, SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION AND SETTINGS Conclusion: because a negative control was forgotten, results were inconclusive.

Selma and Nat

Making lipid film stocks 1 – 29/08/18

In order to make the liposomes for later experiments quickly and to ensure that the liposomes have the same composition, we made lipid film stocks from a lipid mastermix.

First, we weighed about 25 mg of powdered lipids.

 

Lipid	Mass (mg)
DOPC	24,8
DOPS	25,2
SM	25*
Cholesterol	25*

*lipids were obtained in this mass from producer. Lipids were dissolved in 1 mL chloroform. To store the lipids, we used nitrogen flow to exchange air in the glass vials with nitrogen. Because some of the solvent evaporated with the nitrogen flow, this was redone 31/08/18.

Second, we made biotins stock 2. We got biotin in a stock concentration of 0,5 μg/μL (stock 1). 150 μL of biotin stock 1 was added to 600 μL chloroform to make biotin stock 2.

Selma and Lasse

Microscope tryout – 30/08/18

We got an introduction to the microscope and saw our bacteria in the microscope for the first time. We used confocal microscope in Nikos Hatzakis lab. Introduction by Søren Schmidt-Rasmussen.

Bacteria incubation:

We added 20 μL of glycerol stock from the 27/08/18 to 5 mL LB media with CAM in 50 mL falcon tubes (SIEC and SIECΔp1 with GFP, BBa_I20270). We added 10 μL of overday culture from the 29/08/18 to 5 mL LB media with CAM and KAN in 50 mL falcon tubes (SIEC and SIECΔp1 with GFP, BBa_I20270, and T3SS signal tagged mCherry) Put in incubator at 37oC at 130 rpm for 3 hours.

Preparation of supported lipid bilayer:

Supported lipid bilayer was made as described in the Moran-Mirabel protocol, step 8 to 12. For this tryout, we used the liposomes made 12/07/18 (wrong membrane composition). Microscope slides were washed with tris buffer. Membrane contained dye atto655.

Microscopy:

Microscope slides was washed with the same media used for the bacteria. 100 μL bacteria culture was added to a slide well. We used lasers of 488 nm and 635 for excitation. FRAP was used to see if the membrane was intact. PICTURESbacfrom microscope PC (SIEC with BBa_I20270) PICTURESmembranefrom microscope PC Membrane was not intact, probably because the slide was dropped on the floor.

Selma, Attila, Lasse and Nat

Making lipid film stocks 2 – 31/08/18

Chloroform in stocks from 29/08/18 was evaporated with nitrogen flow. Masses of lipids left were weighed. 1 mL solvent was added to each lipid vial to make stock 1s.

 

Lipid	Mass (mg)
DOPC	25,6*
DOPS	21
SM	24,4
Cholesterol	24,9

*This number is higher than 29/08/18. This means that the concentration for DOPC is not exact. Stock 2s were made:

 

Lipid	Stock 1	Methanol	Chloroform
DOPC	39 μL**	0 μL	960 μL
DOPS	48 μL	476 μL	476 μL
SM	41 μL	480 μL	480μL
Cholesterol	40 μL	0 μL	960 μL
Atto655 (0.5 μg/μL)	20 μL	0 μL	980 μL

**If the mass had corresponded to what was measured 29/08/18 this would have been 40 μL instead of 39 μL. From here 3 mixtures were made.

 

Lipid, stock 2	Mix 1	Mix 2	Mix 3
DOPC (1μg/μL)	75 μL	75 μL	75 μL
DOPS (1 μg/μL)	39 μL	39 μL	39 μL
SM (1 μg/μL)	133 μL	134 μL	134 μL
Cholesterol (1 μg/μL)	31 μL	31 μL	31 μL
Atto655 (0.01 μg/μL)	27 μL	27 μL	0 μL
Biotin (0.1 μg/μL)	60 μL	0 μL	0 μL

Mixtures were aliquoted into glass vials to contain 0,2 μmol lipids:

 

	Mix 1	Mix 2	Mix 3
μL mastermix to reach 0,2 μmol	37 μL	31 μL	28 μL

Vials kept in -20oC.

Selma

Streaking bacteria 1 – 02/09/18

Bacteria from 30/08/18 cultures (co-transformations 28/08/18) was streaked on plates with CAM and KAN. Incubated overnight and kept in fridge.

Attila

Co-transformations of SIEC strains 2 – 02/09/18

Co-transformations of with the plasmids containing chaperones was redone, see 28/08/18. Again transformation was done according to Transformation protocol until step 14, the following combinations of strain and plasmid was made: T3: SIEC x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x Chaperone-ss-mCherry T4: SIECΔp1 x plasmid plate 4: 18:A x Chaperone-ss-mCherry

Nat

Week 36

Making lipid film stocks 3 – 05/09/18

To finish lipid film stocks solvent was evaporated with nitrogen flow for about 5 minutes. Then vials were centrifuged on a spin-vac for 15 minutes. Vials kept in -20 oC.

Selma

Streaking bacteria 2 – 05/09/18

Bacteria from glycerol stock 27/08/18 (transformations 24/08/18) was streaked on plates with CAM and KAN. Incubated overnight and kept in fridge.

Selma

InterLab

Egg membrane experiment