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Revision as of 12:37, 15 October 2018
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PROJECT DESIGN
Circadian clocks, also know as Circadian oscillators, are ubiquitous timing systems that induce rhythms of biological activities in synchrony with night and day. Circadian oscillators are post-translationally regulated and affect gene expression in autotrophic circadian cyanobacteria. Most work on the cyanobacterial circadian clock has been performed in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (S. elongatus). In S. elongatus 7942, timing is generated by a post-translational clock consisting of KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC proteins and a set of output signaling proteins, SasA, RpaA and CikA, which transduce this rhythm to control gene expression and chromosome topology 1.
The goal of our project is to reconstruct the KaiABC circadian clock system from prokaryotic cyanobacteria (S. elongatus 7942) in noncircadian eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). And we are aim to achieve the controllability of this circadian clock system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through some practical methods, such as changing the molecular concentration ratio of the core protein KaiA, KaiB and KaiC, which can help us better understand and futher explore the KaiABC system. In addition to the reconstruction of KaiABC, we tried to regulate the metabolic activities of S. cerevisiae using this prokaryotic circadian clock system.
Some previous research findings have pointed to a possible global regulatory mechanism of the clock through the systematic alteration of chromosome topology2. Although the underlying process are not revealed yet, researchers have identified that S. elongatus PCC 7942 genes exhibit circadian fluctuations and that these changes are highly correlated with rhythmic changes in the superhelical density of the chromosome3. Inspired by these studies, we expect that the S. cerevisiae chromasome topology will periodically oscillate with the KaiABC circadian clock system.
In addition to understanding and exploring basic biological science through construction and building, we also explored applications of this circadian clock system in S. cerevisiae. The novel application we envisioned was that S. cerevisiae can produce different products alternately under the periodic regulation of the KaiABC circadian clock.
In order to enable the reconstitution system of the selected six proteins, KaiA KaiB KaiC RpaA CiKA and SasA, to successfully work in yeast cells, we used three different strategies to assemble the gene expression cassettes of these six proteins onto two plasmids. At the same time, in order to better activate the reporter gene circuits to express the oscillating signal, we explored the interaction of three different couples of proteins in the system with the control of the circadian clock system.
In order to affect cellular physiology, a posttranslational circadian clock needs to be connected to transcriptional output. To do so, we built a synthetic oscillator circuit and introduced a yeast two-hybrid system.
Firstly, we utilized the synthetic oscillator circuit to control the expression of a selected reporter gene. In order to select a suitable reporter gene, we tested some of the parameters of several commonly used reporter genes by pre-experiment and scored these reporter genes by modeling.
Based on the information reviewed so far, changing the concentration of the protein or using protein mutants can change the oscillating signal. We control the concentration of expressed protein by using different promoters. And The ability of the promoter to initiate expression was determined by experimental assays.
S. elongatus genes exhibit circadian fluctuations and that these changes are highly correlated with rhythmic changes in the superhelical density of the chromosome . Although the underlying process are not revealed yet, some previous research findings have pointed to a possible global regulatory mechanism of the clock through the systematic alteration of chromosome topology.
Based on this background knowledge, we designed experiments to couple the regulation of the KaiABC rhythm oscillation system with the S. cerevisiae chromatin topology. It is possible to achieve the regulation of the transcription and expression of global endogenous genes by KaiABC rhythm system in yeast. We choosed chromatin remodeling complex for research.6
Our Tik Tok S. cerevisiae, which has been introduced into the KaiABC biological clock system, can be used as a cell factory that alternates between day and night to produce different products.
