Difference between revisions of "Team:CCU Taiwan/engaging experts"

 
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                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Team"><li class="list" id="home1">Team</li></a>
 
                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Team"><li class="list" id="home1">Team</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Attributions"><li class="list" id="home2">Attributions</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Attributions"><li class="list" id="home2">Attributions</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Medal"><li class="list" id="home2">Medals</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Medal"><li class="list" id="home3">Medals</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Judge"><li class="list" id="home3">For Judges</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Judge"><li class="list" id="home4">For Judges</li></a>
 +
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Achievements"><li class="list" id="home5">Achievements</li></a>
 
                         </ul>
 
                         </ul>
 
                     </li>
 
                     </li>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Results"><li class="list" id="project3">Results</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Results"><li class="list" id="project3">Results</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Demonstrate"><li class="list" id="project4">Demonstration</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Demonstrate"><li class="list" id="project4">Demonstration</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/InterLab "><li class="list" id="project5">InterLab</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/InterLab"><li class="list" id="project5">InterLab</li></a>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
                     <li class="title" style="cursor:pointer;" id="Parts"><img class="img_title" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/17/T--CCU_Taiwan--part.png"></img><a>Parts</a>
 
                     <li class="title" style="cursor:pointer;" id="Parts"><img class="img_title" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/17/T--CCU_Taiwan--part.png"></img><a>Parts</a>
 
                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_parts" style="cursor:default;">
 
                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_parts" style="cursor:default;">
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Parts"><li class="list" id="parts1">Overview</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Basic_Part"><li class="list" id="parts1">Basic Part</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Basic_Part"><li class="list" id="parts1">Basic Part</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Composite_Part"><li class="list" id="parts2">Composite Part</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Composite_Part"><li class="list" id="parts2">Composite Part</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Improve"><li class="list" id="parts3">Improved Part</li></a>
 
 
                         </ul>
 
                         </ul>
 
                     </li>
 
                     </li>
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                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_modeling" style="cursor:default;">
 
                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_modeling" style="cursor:default;">
 
                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Model"><li class="list" id="model1">Overview</li></a>
 
                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Model"><li class="list" id="model1">Overview</li></a>
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                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Binding"><li class="list" id="model2">Binding</li></a>
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                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Binding"><li class="list" id="model2">Binding Model</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Polymer"><li class="list" id="model3">Polymer</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Polymer"><li class="list" id="model3">Polymer Model</li></a>
 
                         </ul>
 
                         </ul>
 
                     </li>
 
                     </li>
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    <li class="title" style="cursor:pointer;" id="Human_Practice"><img class="img_title" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/96/T--CCU_Taiwan--humanpractice.png"></img><a>HP</a>
 
    <li class="title" style="cursor:pointer;" id="Human_Practice"><img class="img_title" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/9/96/T--CCU_Taiwan--humanpractice.png"></img><a>HP</a>
 
                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_human_practice" style="cursor:default;">
 
                         <ul class="sub" id="sub_human_practice" style="cursor:default;">
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                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Human_Practices"><li class="list" id="human_practice1">Overview</li></a>
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                             <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Human_Practices"><li class="list" id="human_practice1">Human Practice</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Public_Engagement"><li class="list" id="human_practice2">Public Engagement</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Public_Engagement"><li class="list" id="human_practice2">Public Engagement</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Entrepreneurship"><li class="list" id="human_practice3">Entrepreneurship</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Entrepreneurship"><li class="list" id="human_practice3">Entrepreneurship</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/engaging_experts"><li class="list" id="human_practice4">Engaging Experts</li></a>
 
<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/engaging_experts"><li class="list" id="human_practice4">Engaging Experts</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Intergrate"><li class="list" id="human_practice5">Intergrated HP</li></a>
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<a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:CCU_Taiwan/Integrate"><li class="list" id="human_practice5">Integrated HP</li></a>
 
                         </ul>
 
                         </ul>
 
                     </li>
 
                     </li>
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             </div>
 
             </div>
 
         </nav>
 
         </nav>
−
 
  
 
     </header>
 
     </header>
 +
 +
 +
<div class="indicator">
 +
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="1"><a href="#ca1">Gene Design</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="2"><a href="#ca2">Material Properties</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="7"><a href="#ca7">Taiwan NCHU</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="itri"><a href="#ca3">Production Line</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="4"><a href="#ca4">Recycling Program</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="6"><a href="#ca6">Manufacturers</a></div>
 +
<div class="pointerHP" id="5"><a href="#ca5">Enterpreneumship</a></div>
 +
 +
</div>
  
 
<div class="backgroundHP">
 
<div class="backgroundHP">
 
<div class="photoEngagingExperts"><h1 class="bigtitle">ENGAGING EXPERTS<h1></div>
 
<div class="photoEngagingExperts"><h1 class="bigtitle">ENGAGING EXPERTS<h1></div>
 
       <div class="content">
 
       <div class="content">
−
<br><br>
 
−
<p class="first">Bobsen</p>
 
−
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Bobsen is a paper container laminated manufacturer, after our fundraising session, Bobsen agreed with us to arrange a corporate visit. Let us visit the factory and equipment of the paper laminating and answer our doubts about the production line.<br><br>Followings are information we got form Bobsen:
 
−
<br><br>Mails:
 
−
</p>
 
−
<div class="flip"><span class="1">Click for more</span></div>
 
−
<div class="panel"><br>1. We know that the temperature of the plastic itself will be heated to more than 300 degrees. What is the temperature of the plastic laminating to the paper? Because there will be a small drop temperature in the middle, which will cause the plastic to cool down. The main thing to understand is that the cooling will drop. How many degrees do you fit on the paper?<br>
 
−
Bobsen: I remember that the temperature of polyethylene dripping down is about 270 degrees to the paper.<br><br>
 
−
2. Is the thickness of the paper itself about a few centimeters?<br>
 
−
Bobsen: The paper sent to you is 0.37mm.<br><br>
 
−
3. What is the price of paper under a certain area? And what is the weight? Under a certain area, you can make a few 6.5oz paper cups. I don't know if your company is willing to disclose the cost of paper cups under 6.5oz. Inconvenient, can you tell us how much the selling price is going to be? <br>(The main reason is because we want to estimate how much the paper cup made of lignin is about, so we need the cost of the paper itself, and it What is the amount that can be made, and at the same time, I want to know the cost or price of the existing paper cup because I want to compared with the existing products, we also find the price of different paper cups, but because the selling price is 0.5-1 Taiwan dollar, I don’t know what kind of price is more suitable as a reference.)<br>
 
−
Bobsen: His gsm is 210g, a kilogram is about 31 yuan now. *gsm = one meter * one meter of paper, the weight of the scale.<br><br>
 
−
4. I would like to ask if PE has other substances to be upgraded (mainly want to understand whether it needs to affect viscosity, transparency, hardness, flexibility, etc.).<br>
 
−
Bobsen: The cost of 205cc paper cups on the market is about 0.38~0.4 Taiwan dollar.<br><br>
 
−
p.s. Polyethylene can be used normally without adding other substances.
 
−
</div>
 
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
<p class="description">Corporate Visit Notes:</p>
+
<p class="first" id="ca1">Gene Design</p>
−
<div class="flip"><span class="2">Click for more</span></div>
+
<p class="second">National Taiwan University</p>
−
<div class="panel"><br>1. Briefly describe the production process<br>
+
−
    The logs are bleached after cooking, the paper machine is dehydrated and chemicals are added (for food grades). Many wood sapwoods are used to make paper. The PE plastic particles are heated to form a waterfall-like plastic coating that adheres to the paper.<br><br>
+
  
−
2. Lignin must pay attention to the bonding effect<br>
+
                <div id="EX1" class="polaroid">
−
    Whether lignin fills the pores of the paper and binds more tightly. If the lignin is not completely bonded to the paper, it will fall off easily. It is called pseudo-bonding in the paper industry.<br><br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/49/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_01.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
3. The positioning of Bosen Paper in the industry<br>
+
<p class="second">Professor K.S. Tung</p>
−
    Bosson Paper is responsible for producing coated paper and assisting downstream manufacturers in creating creases on paper. The downstream manufacturers have shaped the paper into tableware.<br><br>
+
<p class="description">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology<br>National Taiwan University</p>
  
−
4. Paper cup<br>
+
                <div id="EX2" class="polaroid">
−
    The paper cup is composed of a fan blade and a cup bottom. The production process is to cut the fan piece and the bottom of the cup first, and then make the roll mouth of the cup after bonding. The question facing this lignin is: Is there flexibility?
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d5/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_02.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
Taiwan's SGS testing standards are high. If Taiwan can pass, marketing is not a problem. It takes 7 working days to send the inspection items. There is a test studio in Kaohsiung, which can be sent directly. Chiayi also has an office.<br><br>
+
                </div>
 +
<br><br>
 +
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Professor K.S. Tung provided us constitutive type of promoter (ADH1 promoter), and auxotrophic marker (LEU2, URA3, TRP1).</p><br><br><br>
 +
<p class="second">Professor C.T. Huang</p>
 +
<p class="description">Department of Biochemical Science and Technology<br>
 +
National Taiwan University
 +
</p>
  
−
6. Laminating method<br>
 
−
    The process is as follows: plastic particles → rotary extrusion / waterfall coating → direct coating on paper. Among the things that plastic particles must pay attention to are:<br>
 
−
  (1) The heating rod will heat up to 340-350 degrees<br>
 
−
  (2) Humidity will affect production, especially at high yields.<br>
 
−
  (3) When the original film is ejected, the thickness of the two sides will be thicker, and the temperature will be used to regulate<br>
 
−
  (4) If the tension of the coating is not enough, the membrane will be broken, and the temperature will be used to regulate<br>
 
−
Summary: Temperature and humidity affect the production process<br>
 
−
      In the other process, a rubber roller is used.<br><br>
 
  
−
7. Coating thickness<br>
+
                <div id="EX3" class="polaroid">
−
    Because it will be laminated during the production process, the thickness will not be estimated, so<br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/0f/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_03.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
The film is not defined by the thickness, but the "gram weight" is used. The weight is a few grams per square meter. The general coated paper is about 13-15 grams.<br><br>
+
                </div>
 +
<br>
 +
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Professor C.T. Huang suggested using constitutive promoter without inducing by methanol. That is GAP promoter which is commonly used in <I>P. pastoris</I>. He also recommended that we could choose commercial pGAPZ A vector from Invitrogen.</p>
 +
 +
<hr>
 +
<p class="first" id="ca2">Material Properties</p>
 +
<p class="second">ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)</p>
 +
                <div id="EX4" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/26/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW01.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
8. Tableware<br>
+
<br><br><br>
−
    All the bonding points of the tableware are made of PE as an adhesive.<br><br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;ITRI is a nonprofit R&D organization engaging in applied research and technical services. Founded in 1973, ITRI has played a vital role in transforming Taiwan's economy from a labor-intensive industry to a high-tech industry.</p><br><br><br>
 +
<p class="second">Dr. Cheng-Han Hsieh</p>
 +
                <div id="EX5" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/3/35/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW02.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
9. Double-sided coating<br>
+
<p class="description">(The fourth on the left, Dr. Hsieh)</p><br>
−
    Domestic paper cups are coated on both sides. Foreign countries are mostly single-sided<br>
+
<p class="description">Research Fellow - Lignin Analytics<br><br>
−
Because of this, the classification habits and drinks are different.<br><br>
+
&emsp;&emsp;Dr. Cheng-Han Hsieh recommended that we have to control the LIGGREEN in micromolecular to make it have the melting point. He also gave us some directions for decomposing lignin-like material. The Bacillus subtilis may be our good choice.
 +
</p><br><br><br>
 +
<p class="second">Dr. Shu-Chuan Huang</p>
 +
                <div id="EX6" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/06/T--CCU_Taiwan--EXP_1.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
10. Elasticity, tension<br>
+
<p class="description">(The fourth on the left, Dr. Huang)</p><br>
−
    When the paper is rolled up, the lignin can still bond and test the elasticity of the lignin. And the machine has many axles, and the elasticity is important.<br><br>
+
<p class="description">Research Fellow – Material and Chemical Research<br><br>
 +
&emsp;&emsp;Dr. Shu-Chuan Huang recommended that we should refer to the ISO 9000, ASTM D6400, and so on. Then, she recommended that we should cut the material into small pieces, carry out industrial composting, and detect the decomposition ratio.
 +
</p>
 +
<hr>
 +
<p class="first" id="ca7">National Chung Hsing University</p>
  
−
11. The disadvantages of PLA<br>
 
−
(1) The molding speed cannot be too fast<br>
 
−
(2) PLA and paper are difficult to bond, so most of them are pure plastic cups.<br><br>
 
  
−
12. Process solution<br>
+
                <div id="EX7" class="polaroid">
−
    The contact with oyster sauce (food grade) is intended to protect the paper. The paper will rub against the machine during the process. The sputum can prevent the PE coating from being scratched or damaged.<br><br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/05/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_07.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
13.PE can not use nozzle<br>
+
<p class="second">Prof. Yuan-Shing Perng</p>
−
    PE can not use the nozzle because of the viscosity, the nozzle needs a small amount of raw materials, and the greaseproof paper can use the nozzle.<br><br>
+
<p class="description">Department of Forestry<br>
 +
National Chung Hsing University
 +
</p>
  
−
14. Cooling<br>
 
−
    The large water wheel is cooled and directly cooled in contact with the PE coating layer.<br><br>
 
  
−
15. Corona treatment<br>
+
                <div id="EX8" class="polaroid">
−
    The paper will be corona treated first, and the pores will be made on the surface to make the PE film easier to bond. Corona, high frequency discharge, tip discharge. Flame treatment has the same effect. In the case of microwaves, resonance occurs and the PE is dissolved. It is not recommended (the power is different).<br><br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/c/ce/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW03.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
16. Capacity<br>
 
−
    Slitting machine: 300M/min<br>
 
−
    Laminating machine: 330-340 degrees, maximum power 160M/min<br>
 
−
    Printing machine: 150-200 degrees<br><br>
 
−
 
−
17. Other<br>
 
−
    PE has a melting point of 108 degrees and is heated to 340 degrees to control the flow rate.<br>
 
−
 
−
</div>
 
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
 +
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Prof. Yuan-Shing Perng helped us test whether the paper laminated with LIGGREEN can be separated into paper pulping and LIGGREEN. In the interview with professor Perng, he confirmed that a small amount of lignin mixed into the ordinary pulp will not affect the paper remaking process, maybe LIGGREEN can be separated, too. He taught us to operate the pulper, after 200 seconds of pulping and beating, LIGGREEN and the paper were indeed separated. This proved that LIGGREEN would not harm in the pulp recycling system.
 +
</p><br><br><br>
 +
<p class="second">Prof. Wen-Jau Lee</p>
 +
<p class="description">Department of Forestry<br>
 +
National Chung Hsing University
 +
</p>
  
−
<p class="first">Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation</p>
+
                <div id="EX9" class="polaroid">
−
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation provided us simple paper pulping and making process, they also answered the raw materials of paper and the black liquor. In addition, they recommended that we can ask experts from ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute) and professors at Chung-Hsing University for more questions about the characteristics of paper container raw materials. <br><br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/c/c4/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_09.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
Following are questions we had asked:<br>
+
                </div>
−
1. What’s the raw material you use to produce paper?<br>
+
<br><br>
−
2. We knew that “black liquor” would be produced during the procedure of paper manufacturing. What’s the percentage of lignin in black liquor? Is there a technology for recovering lignin or is there any other manufacturers recycling and purifying the black liquor?<br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Prof. Wen-Jau Lee told us that in the reaction forming LIGGREEN from monolignols bonding to oligomers, there are some bonding nodes would act. He suggested that the oligomers we produced were preferably two-dimensional chain systems, not three-dimensional, to have thermoplastic properties.
−
3. Would it have any influence on paper recycling if the paper is doped with lignin?<br><br>
+
</p>
 +
<hr>
 +
<p class="first">Recycling System</p>
 +
<p class="second">Recycling Fund Management Board</p>
  
−
The answers they gave us:<br>
+
                <div id="EX10" class="polaroid">
−
1. The raw material of the paper comes from the pulp, which consists of cellulose and hemicellulose separated from the wood chips.<br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/0b/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW04.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
2. The black liquor is produced after the wood chips are cooked, so the black liquor component is lignin. Black liquor will be concentrated and used as a biomass fuel to provide the energy needed for production.<br>
+
                </div>
−
3. You can find paper quality and technology in the relevant literature.<br>
+
−
The process of pulping and papermaking is described as follows:<br>
+
<p class="second">More Wu</p>
−
1. The process of pulping:<br>
+
<p class="description">Deputy executive secretary of Recycling Fund Management Board
−
The main raw material of the paper is wood pulp, which is made by peeling and slicing the logs. The principle is to separate the wood chips from the pulp fibers by mechanical or chemical methods, and then the fibers are pulped, bleached and dried to make pulp or pulp board.<br><br>
+
</p><br>
−
→ Cooking: Digestion is also called cooking. The purpose is to dissolve the lignin in the wood chips by using chemicals and under high-temperature cooking conditions to dissociate the fibers.<br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;More Wu recommended that our products may need to consider the shelf life, because some paper containers such as milk carton are packaging beverage for a long time and the lining of them cannot be leach. And he mentioned that the government used the method of Administrative guidance and Subsidy incentive to try to improve the recovery yield. <br>
−
→ Bleaching: The color of the pulp after cooking is generally tawny, which is mostly used in packaging kraft. For high grade paper, the color needs to be white, so that the printed pictures and texts are vivid. In order to improve the whiteness of the pulp, it must be bleached.<br><br>
+
However, some misunderstandings in the process led to false positives in the news, causing the public to throw paper containers into general garbage disposal.
−
2. The process of papermaking:
+
−
The process of paper producing is made of wood pulp or paperboard, through pulping, beating, batching, cleaning, screening, molding, dehydration and drying, then the products can be used for household paper and high-grade cultural paper. If recycled paper is used as the raw material, the process must go through deinking, which is mention to remove the printing ink and impurities on the surface of the recycled paper, process it into recycled pulp and then produce the product through the papermaking process, such products are mostly used for photocopying papers, newspapers, general culture printing paper and cardboard.<br>
+
 
</p>
 
</p>
−
<br><br>
+
<hr>
−
<p class="first">ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)</p><br>
+
<p class="first" id="ca3">Production Line</p>
−
Through the introduction of Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation, we found ITRI. Dr. Hsieh is an expert specializing in the field of lignin. Since LIGGREEN is a new product similar to lignin, we would like to benefit from Dr. Hsieh, hoping to understand more about the characteristics that LIGGREEN may need or avoid during processing.<br>
+
<p class="second">Bobsen Paper Corporation</p>
−
Besides Dr. Hsieh, we also asked Dr. Huang and Dr. Hsu to know the direction of LIGGREEN's future development and cater to market needs.<br><br>
+
−
Following are some questions that we had asked Dr. Hsieh:<br>
+
−
1. We have found that there are three kinds of bonds between G monolignols - β-5, β-O-4, β-β, and β-O-4 is the preferred bond with a ratio of up to 50% in the literature. We want to know that if the information we found is correct. We will use UV spectra to observe these bonds to determine its structure, and we also hope to find these bonds.<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: Yes, the cleavage of lignin is also broken from this place.<br><br>
+
−
2. Monolignol is colorless, yet the lignin is brown. How could we explain the differences on color between these two objects? Is there any way to change the color for lignin? According to the literature, we knew that when lignin is exposed to sunshine, the color will fade, as well as the structure of lignin become fragile.<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: I am afraid that I cannot give you more information that how to get the color of lignin. What I can say is that the color of lignin is mainly due to the structure of phenol. In some applications, it is very important not to have color, such as the paper cup you want to use. As for the paint inside the can, the color considerations are relatively small. We had tried to remove the color of lignin, the idea is how to make the structure of phenol disappear. Of course, if you have a way to synthesize lignin, and there is no color, it is also a breakthrough, but the problem is that you have to think about how to judge the structure of your synthesis is lignin? The other is why you should deliberately synthetic lignin? Lignin is attracting attention because it is a material that is readily available in nature, and the amount is huge. The focus is on things that were previously considered as no value. There is a concept of waste utilization, then your team have to think about what is the meaning of deliberately synthesizing lignin? Is color, structurally simple, or is other disadvantages of synthetic lignin without natural lignin? I think you should think twice.<br><br>
+
−
3. The data we have found in the literature now indicate the melting point, density, chemical properties and physical properties of the purified lignin, but these properties will vary due to the large number of lignin species. We want to ask if Doctor can provide the nature of the lignin that you have searched? (Reaction in elastic, acidic solution, etc.) Then we can make the experiment process more smooth.<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: This depends entirely on the source of your lignin. The structure and characteristics of lignin are affected by the species, origin, season, and even the process conditions obtained. This means that if you took an A-source lignin for experimentation and application development, after finding the optimum conditions, however, such conditions have the opportunity not to apply to the B-source of lignin. Of course, if you can develop synthetic lignin may solve this problem.<br><br>
+
−
4. In general pulp and paper manufacturing, NaOH (high-concentration sodium hydroxide) is added to separate lignin from cellulose, and the mixed solution under washing is called black liquor. In the literature, the change of bonding of lignin after the addition of sodium hydroxide makes the proportion of G monolignaols relatively higher. I would like to ask, if we add the enzyme peroxidase16 to black liquor (using the chemical side to adjust the PH to 4-5 and filter, do not destroy the environment of the enzyme), whether it can make the bond that was originally broken by the strong base link again?<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: I cannot answer this question because I am not this doctor of bacteria searching. There is one thing I want to remind you that is that the composition in the black liquor is quite complicated (the compound produced by hemicellulose cracking), so you have to test whether such an enzyme can live in black liquor, and whether the activity will decrease.<br><br>
+
−
5. About the decomposition, we will use Bacillus sp bacteria to decompose lignin in a biodegradable way. If it is a G monolignol polymer, whether this part is feasible?<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: I am sorry that this has exceeded my field, so I cannot give you a better answer.<br><br>
+
−
6. Is lignin in black liquor highly polymerized or small molecule fragments polymerized?<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: The lignin in the black liquor is the lignin of the wood. As you had mentioned above, in the papermaking process, only the strong alkali is used to dissolve the lignin and hemicellulose in the cellulose, and the hemicellulose will deteriorate, but lignin does not degrade into oligomers or even small molecules (chemical processes require further high temperature and pressure to further degrade lignin).<br><br>
+
−
7. If we remove the suspended solids, organic pollutants and toxic substances from black liquor, then add the enzyme Laccase to the black liquor, will it decompose the already polymerized lignin?<br>
+
−
Dr. Hsieh: I checked that Laccase can break down lignin, but I don't know the environment and conditions of decomposition.<br><br>
+
  
 +
                <div id="EX11" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/5/58/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_11.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
  
−
<p class="second">Dr. SHU – CHUAN HUANG</p><br>
+
<br><br>
−
She recommended that the coverage of the material should be very good. In addition, she recommended that we should refer to the isoo/astm standard, D6400, or the plastic center. Then, she recommended that we should cut the material into small pieces, carry out industrial composting, and detect the decomposition ratio.<br><br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Bobsen Paper Corporation is responsible for producing coated paper and assisting downstream manufacturers in creating creases on paper. After our fundraising session, Bobsen agreed with us to arrange a corporate visit. Let us visit the factory and equipment of the paper laminating and answer our doubts about the production line.
 +
</p>
 +
<hr>
 +
<p class="first" id="ca4">Recycling Program</p>
 +
<p class="second">Prof. Ping-Mu Shu</p>
 +
<p class="description">Department of Earth and Environmental Science<br>
 +
National Chung Cheng University
 +
</p>
  
−
<p class="second">Dr. SU（Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories）</p><br>
 
−
He suggested us to make sure that our product is waterproof, and the weight will not exceed the paper cups in market too much.<br>
 
−
</p>
 
−
<br><br>
 
−
<p class="first">CEO of THEFREEN BURGER</p><br>
 
−
&emsp;&emsp;He provides us with more thinking and how to conduct market analysis to better develop LIGGREEN. He also reminded us to investigate the status of similar industries in the existing market, in order to better construct the business model and strengthen the link between LOGGREEN and society.<br><br>
 
  
−
<p class="second">Feedback</p><br><br>
+
                <div id="EX12" class="polaroid">
−
&emsp;&emsp;Did you finally mention whether I want to use it? There are two sections. First, the product itself, from a sustainable perspective, is definitely the targets we will be looking forward to in the future. From the practical side, the unit price of 2.5oz $6.5 is far higher than many general paper cups! In Taiwan's catering market, there is a general trend of price orientation. Everyone knows that they should pursue value, but when they return to the basic relationship between supply and demand, they seem to be in a difficult situation.<br><br>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/1/14/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_12.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
 
+
                </div>
−
&emsp;&emsp;You are still in the research and development stage, and the cost is certainly not the primary consideration now. This is very reasonable, but what about the relevant future planning? A sweet price point? A sweet production scale? Can Taiwan’s market be rationally expected within a certain period of time? Or is there a chance to switch to foreign market such as Hong Kong or Tokyo and whether the unit price can be perfectly supported?<br><br>
+
<br><br>
 +
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Prof. Ping-Mu Shu told us the truth of recycling in Taiwan, he also told us our product would not influence the paper recycled system because the amount of our LIGGREEN is very low and we do not need to set a recycled spot of LIGGREEN cups.
 +
</p>
 +
<hr>
 +
<p class="first" id="ca6">Manufacturers & Factories</p>
 +
<p class="second">Lian-Tai</p>
  
−
&emsp;&emsp;Recently, I saw several interesting news. The French agent of Sunrise Tea Tai brought this Taiwanese brand into the Louvre, and even a cup of bubble milk tea sold for more expensive than a cup of Starbucks! Such a market or brand demand may also be another consideration that can be written into your script. The opinions on the Internet (of course, both positive and negative are very important) Perhaps it is also possible to add a reference.<br><br>
 
  
−
&emsp;&emsp;Regarding the government's subsidy policy, some aspects may need to be clarified in this regard. In addition, it is important to understand the market conditions (because our current overall usage and production requirements are not objective, it is recommended that you can refer to the relevant objective price of the relevant package), but how to use the experimental stage and future commercial Properly linked, it is also the key to thinking. As in the other countries' catering pricing and market logic in the letter, how is more likely to accept newer technology trends, or to increase the feasibility of acceptance. Observe and think carefully, it is necessary to learn the key advantages.
+
                <div id="EX13" class="polaroid">
−
</p>
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/e/e4/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_13.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
−
<p class="first">Taiwan Recycle Tour<br><br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Liantai is the only manufacturer with the support from government and controlling the technology to recycle the paper containers and separated paper from the polyethylene lynin.
−
<p class="second">Wu, Meng-Erh Deputy Executive Secretary</p><br>
+
−
He recommended that our products may need to consider the shelf life and the rate of pulping. And he mentioned that the government used the method of Administrative guidance and Subsidy incentive to try to improve the recovery yield. <br>
+
−
However, some misunderstandings in the process led to false positives in the news, causing the public to throw paper containers into general garbage disposal.
+
−
</p>
+
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
−
<p class="first">Professor Shu</p><br> <br>
+
&emsp;&emsp;The recycling volume of paper containers last year are 25,000 tons, which meant that only 15% of the paper containers had been recycled.
−
He told us the truth of recycling in Taiwan, he also told us our product would not influence the paper recycled system because the amount of our LIGGREEN is very low and we do not need to set a recycled spot of LIGGREEN cups.<br>
+
<br><br>
−
</p>
+
Q:&emsp; Professor Peng had said that the general paper industries could also separate paper from plastic. We wonder to know that why only your manufacture uses the separated technology but not afraid of others replace you?
 +
<br><br>A:&emsp; The general manufacturer does not want to do it at all, it will only increase the cost. The main reason is that the process of separating paper form plastics is complicated, all the entry would be supervised by government, and the obstacle is great. The only advantage is that you can get the money from the government (or from the paper manufacturer).
 +
<br><br>
 +
&emsp;&emsp;Views on disposable paper cups form Lian-Tai: I think the current propaganda is not to use disposable products, but there will be one-time products, but also because of his health problems, and now he has come back again, contradicting the original intention.
 +
Like a fast food restaurant, if it is not used after repeated use, it will cause health problems. In addition, if every fast-food restaurant has to add a sink or a regional cleaning thing, it will also increase the cost. If you give it to a big factory to wash it, it will definitely save more money than you need to clean it.
 +
<br><br>
 +
&emsp;&emsp;In fact, in terms of the types of recycling, while increasing the recycling category of paper containers, there have been many difficulties and the number of procedures has increased. Although the government's decision support has indeed increased the amount of recycling, it has not been reviewed from the entire process of recycling, but it has increased the complexity.
 +
<br>
 +
</p><br><br><br>
 +
<p class="second">Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation</p>
 +
                <div id="EX14" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/d7/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_experts_14.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
 +
 
  
−
<p class="first">Paper Carton Alliance (PCA)</p><br> <br>
 
−
We asked some questions for their exhibition. They supplied us the data reference and defined what the paper containers are.
 
−
</p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
−
<p class="first">Chung-Hsing University</p><br> <br>
+
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation provided us simple paper pulping and making process, they also answered the raw materials of paper.  
−
Professor Yuan-Shing Perng: He helped us test whether the paper laminated with LIGGREEN can be separated into paper pulping and LIGGREEN. In the interview with professor Perng, he confirmed that a small amount of lignin mixed into the ordinary pulp will not affect the paper remaking process, maybe LIGGREEN can be separated, too. He taught us to operate the pulper, after 200 seconds of pulping and beating, LIGGREEN and the paper were indeed separated. This proved that LIGGREEN would not harm in the pulp recycling system.<br><br>
+
</p>
−
Professor Wen-Jau Lee: He told us that in the reaction forming LIGGREEN from monolignols bonding to oligomers, there are some bonding nodes would act. He suggested that the oligomers we produced were preferably two-dimensional chain systems, not three-dimensional, to have thermoplastic properties.
+
<hr>
−
</p>
+
<p class="first" id="ca5">Enterpreneumship</p>
 +
<p class="second">Yong-Zhong Chen</p>
 +
<p class="description">CEO of THEFREEN BURGER
 +
</p>
 +
 
 +
                <div id="EX15" class="polaroid">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/f/fc/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW05.jpg" style="width:100%">
 +
                </div>
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
−
<p class="first">Lian-Tai</p><br> <br>
+
                <div id="EX16" class="polaroid">
−
Lian-Tai is the only manufacturer in Taiwan that can separate paper from plastic lining. He helped us understand Taiwan's current recycling environment and recycling issues, you can refer to more details in iHP.
+
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/2/25/T--CCU_Taiwan--JOE_EXPEARTS_NEW06.jpg" style="width:100%">
−
</p><br><br><br>
+
                </div>
 +
 
 +
<br><br>
 +
<p class="description">&emsp;&emsp;Yong-Zhong Chen made us think about how to conduct market analysis to better develop LIGGREEN. He also reminded us to investigate the status of similar industries in the existing market, in order to better construct the business model and strengthen the link between LOGGREEN and society.
 +
</p>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<br><br><br>
 
       </div>
 
       </div>
 
</div>
 
</div>

Latest revision as of 08:52, 1 December 2018

ENGAGING EXPERTS


Gene Design

National Taiwan University

Professor K.S. Tung

Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
National Taiwan University



  Professor K.S. Tung provided us constitutive type of promoter (ADH1 promoter), and auxotrophic marker (LEU2, URA3, TRP1).




Professor C.T. Huang

Department of Biochemical Science and Technology
National Taiwan University


  Professor C.T. Huang suggested using constitutive promoter without inducing by methanol. That is GAP promoter which is commonly used in P. pastoris. He also recommended that we could choose commercial pGAPZ A vector from Invitrogen.

Material Properties

ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)




  ITRI is a nonprofit R&D organization engaging in applied research and technical services. Founded in 1973, ITRI has played a vital role in transforming Taiwan's economy from a labor-intensive industry to a high-tech industry.




Dr. Cheng-Han Hsieh

(The fourth on the left, Dr. Hsieh)


Research Fellow - Lignin Analytics

  Dr. Cheng-Han Hsieh recommended that we have to control the LIGGREEN in micromolecular to make it have the melting point. He also gave us some directions for decomposing lignin-like material. The Bacillus subtilis may be our good choice.




Dr. Shu-Chuan Huang

(The fourth on the left, Dr. Huang)


Research Fellow – Material and Chemical Research

  Dr. Shu-Chuan Huang recommended that we should refer to the ISO 9000, ASTM D6400, and so on. Then, she recommended that we should cut the material into small pieces, carry out industrial composting, and detect the decomposition ratio.

National Chung Hsing University

Prof. Yuan-Shing Perng

Department of Forestry
National Chung Hsing University



  Prof. Yuan-Shing Perng helped us test whether the paper laminated with LIGGREEN can be separated into paper pulping and LIGGREEN. In the interview with professor Perng, he confirmed that a small amount of lignin mixed into the ordinary pulp will not affect the paper remaking process, maybe LIGGREEN can be separated, too. He taught us to operate the pulper, after 200 seconds of pulping and beating, LIGGREEN and the paper were indeed separated. This proved that LIGGREEN would not harm in the pulp recycling system.




Prof. Wen-Jau Lee

Department of Forestry
National Chung Hsing University



  Prof. Wen-Jau Lee told us that in the reaction forming LIGGREEN from monolignols bonding to oligomers, there are some bonding nodes would act. He suggested that the oligomers we produced were preferably two-dimensional chain systems, not three-dimensional, to have thermoplastic properties.

Recycling System

Recycling Fund Management Board

More Wu

Deputy executive secretary of Recycling Fund Management Board


  More Wu recommended that our products may need to consider the shelf life, because some paper containers such as milk carton are packaging beverage for a long time and the lining of them cannot be leach. And he mentioned that the government used the method of Administrative guidance and Subsidy incentive to try to improve the recovery yield.
However, some misunderstandings in the process led to false positives in the news, causing the public to throw paper containers into general garbage disposal.

Production Line

Bobsen Paper Corporation



  Bobsen Paper Corporation is responsible for producing coated paper and assisting downstream manufacturers in creating creases on paper. After our fundraising session, Bobsen agreed with us to arrange a corporate visit. Let us visit the factory and equipment of the paper laminating and answer our doubts about the production line.

Recycling Program

Prof. Ping-Mu Shu

Department of Earth and Environmental Science
National Chung Cheng University



  Prof. Ping-Mu Shu told us the truth of recycling in Taiwan, he also told us our product would not influence the paper recycled system because the amount of our LIGGREEN is very low and we do not need to set a recycled spot of LIGGREEN cups.

Manufacturers & Factories

Lian-Tai



  Liantai is the only manufacturer with the support from government and controlling the technology to recycle the paper containers and separated paper from the polyethylene lynin.

  The recycling volume of paper containers last year are 25,000 tons, which meant that only 15% of the paper containers had been recycled.

Q:  Professor Peng had said that the general paper industries could also separate paper from plastic. We wonder to know that why only your manufacture uses the separated technology but not afraid of others replace you?

A:  The general manufacturer does not want to do it at all, it will only increase the cost. The main reason is that the process of separating paper form plastics is complicated, all the entry would be supervised by government, and the obstacle is great. The only advantage is that you can get the money from the government (or from the paper manufacturer).

  Views on disposable paper cups form Lian-Tai: I think the current propaganda is not to use disposable products, but there will be one-time products, but also because of his health problems, and now he has come back again, contradicting the original intention. Like a fast food restaurant, if it is not used after repeated use, it will cause health problems. In addition, if every fast-food restaurant has to add a sink or a regional cleaning thing, it will also increase the cost. If you give it to a big factory to wash it, it will definitely save more money than you need to clean it.

  In fact, in terms of the types of recycling, while increasing the recycling category of paper containers, there have been many difficulties and the number of procedures has increased. Although the government's decision support has indeed increased the amount of recycling, it has not been reviewed from the entire process of recycling, but it has increased the complexity.




Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation



  Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation provided us simple paper pulping and making process, they also answered the raw materials of paper.

Enterpreneumship

Yong-Zhong Chen

CEO of THEFREEN BURGER





  Yong-Zhong Chen made us think about how to conduct market analysis to better develop LIGGREEN. He also reminded us to investigate the status of similar industries in the existing market, in order to better construct the business model and strengthen the link between LOGGREEN and society.