Team:CCU Taiwan/Our Plan

• About Us
  • Team
  • Attributions
  • Medals
  • For Judges
• Project
  • Description
  • Design
  • Results
  • Demonstration
  • InterLab
• Parts
  • Overview
  • Basic Part
  • Composite Part
• Modeling
  • Overview
  • Binding Model
  • Polymer Model
• Product
  • Analysis
  • Production Line
  • Safety
• HP
  • Human Practice
  • Public Engagement
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Engaging Experts
  • Intergrated HP
• Notebook
  • Overview
  • Collaborations
  • Protocols
  • Experiments
  • Materials

ANALYSIS

  We analyzed the lignin-like polymer we produced to confirm the work is successful. In the first stage of analysis, we started by analyzing the content and structure of our lignin-like polymer by UV-visible spectroscopy. For the second stage, we used NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy to analyze information about the molecular structure and molecular weight of our polymer. In the last stage, Thermogravimetric analysis is used to analyze the melting or decomposition point of our product. After the above experiments are completed, we have a deeper understanding of the lignin-like polymer we have made. These experimental data also help us in the application and improvement of the products.

Reaction experiment

   There is a difference between samples of coniferyl alcohol without reacting with enzymes and smaples with Laccase and Peroxidase. From the result, we can prove that the reaction has occurred. The absorption peak shifted to the left, comparing with simulation from study (P. J. Salazar-Valencia et al. 2005), the wavelength of β-5 linkage absorption peak is shorter. Our results are similar to the results of the study, which means our product has β-5 linkage.

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy，UV-Vis

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region.The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved.The wavelengths of absorption peaks can be correlated with the types of bonds in a given molecule and are valuable in determining the functional groups within a molecule.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , NMR

  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is based on quantum magnetic properties at the atomic scale.The method of NMR observation of atoms is to place the sample under a large external magnetic field.Using such a process, molecular science research, such as molecular structure, dynamics, etc., can be performed.

  In the NMR experiment, we measured the commercial lignin, coniferyl alcohol and the products we made.
  First, we first dissolved the coniferyl alcohol in ethanol and measured NMR to obtain the 1H-NMR chart. The chemical shift of each H is derived by the structure of coniferyl alcohol.   Then we predict the form of the bonds between each monomer and monomer, and take the product to measure 1H-NMR. Because of some peak changes and the others no changes, we find the most suitable bond to form of the product.

  As a result, our product concentration is too low, peaks are not very obvious, and we can't confirm the correct and proper structural analysis, but there are still some small peaks similar to lignin, which proves that we successfully made similar bonds and indirectly explained our reaction. The successful reaction of the enzymes.

Thermogravimetric analysis，TGA

  Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes.A TGA can be used for materials characterization through analysis of characteristic decomposition patterns. It is an especially useful technique for the study of polymeric materials.

Figure1: UV-Visible spectrum of products

Figure2: Simulation of the electronic or ultraviolet spectra for the 3 Coniferyl Alcohol units, with β-O-4 and β-5 linkages. (P. J. Salazar-Valencia et al. 2005)

Figure3: Chemical shift of coniferyl alcohol

   Chemical shift

Figure4: NMR Spectrum of coniferyl alcohol

Figure5: NMR Spectrum of commercial dealkaline lignin

Figure6: NMR Spectrum of Laccase-involved reaction product

Figure7: NMR Spectrum of Laccase & Peroxidase-involved reaction product

Reference

P. J. Salazar-Valencia, S. T. P´erez-Merchancano, and L. E. Bol´ıvar-Marin´ez. (2005). Optical Properties in Biopolymers: Lignin Fragments. Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 36, no. 3B.