Difference between revisions of "Team:RDFZ-China/Measurement"

 
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{{RDFZ-China}}
 
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    <title>RDFZ-China</title>
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                         <li><a href="#section1">Expression Burden</a></li>
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                         <li><a href="#section2">Capacity Monitor</a></li>
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                         <li><a href="#section3">VioABDE</a></li>
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                         <li><a href="#section5">References</a></li>
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        <div class="description">
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            <h1>Measurement</h1>
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                <h3>Expression Burden</h3>
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                <p>In synthetic biology, a common issue in integrating exogenous sequences into host cells is that heterologous gene expression can cause significant metabolic burden. Typically, this gene expression burden is implied by a declining growth rate of bacteria, which is unfavorable for fermentation industry because it lowers yields and profits. According to Ceroni et al. (2015), a fluorescence-based method allows to measure gene expression capacity of cells, by inserting a “capacity monitor”.</p>
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                <h3>Capacity Monitor</h3>
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                <p>The “Capacity Monitor” consists of a superfold GFP with a strong constitutive promoter, which is constantly expressed in the bacterial genome. Thus, any alternation in fluorescence intensity can reflect in overall resource availability in the cell. Particularly, with expression of synthesized genes, the expression of GFP will decrease, thus reporting a reallocation of cellular resources. </p>
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                <h3>VioABDE</h3>
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                <p>After applying capacity monitor, we compared the fluorescence of E. coli with an empty vector and E. coli with VioABDE inserted and expressed. Both strains were incubated for 24 hours with fluorescence and OD constantly monitored. However, the OD of bacteria with VioABDE increased faster than the bacteria without Vio expression, which contradicts our initial expectation.</p>
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                <p>We co transformed the TlpA39-VioABDE into the capcatiy monitor component cell which was made by beyotime component cell kit. </p>
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                <p>Then the Capacity Monitor and Capacity Monitor-Vio were incubicated in microshaker in 39 degree Celsius, then they were added to the 96 well plates.
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                <p>Since we target to modify bacteria used in fermentation industry, which primarily are used for material synthesis and production, our sequence inserts should occupy as limited resources in bacteria as possible to avoid significant expression burden. In order to reduce this expression stress, we designed another device for fermentation which used a LuxR repressive promoter (Peking-S, 2011) and the “Cold Box” in 5’UTR region of CspA (Ionis Paris, 2017). With only one transcriptional regulator, less energy will be consumed, which is beneficial for fermentation industry.</p>
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            .s-ratio-box .lazyload {
+
−
                opacity: 0
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section .s-repeatable {
+
−
            clear: both
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section.s-columns-section {
+
−
            text-align: center
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section.s-columns-section .s-item-media-group {
+
−
                margin-bottom: 15px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-text-color-black {
+
−
            color: #222
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-section.s-columns-section, #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-section.s-columns-section .s-item-media-group, #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-title-group {
+
−
            text-align: center
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (min-width:728px) {
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                padding: 0;
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
                width: 100%
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .columns {
+
−
                    display: inline;
+
−
                    float: left;
+
−
                    margin-left: 1.04166666%;
+
−
                    margin-right: 1.04166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section .container .columns.no-float {
+
−
                        display: inline-block;
+
−
                        float: none;
+
−
                        vertical-align: top;
+
−
                        zoom: 1
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .eight.columns {
+
−
                    width: 47.8166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .sixteen.columns {
+
−
                    width: 97.8166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .third.columns {
+
−
                    width: 31.25%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section .half-offset-right {
+
−
                padding-right: 3.125%
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                padding: 0;
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
                width: 90%
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .columns {
+
−
                    display: inline;
+
−
                    float: left;
+
−
                    margin-left: 1.04166666%;
+
−
                    margin-right: 1.04166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .eight.columns, .s-section .container .sixteen.columns, .s-section .container .third.columns {
+
−
                    width: 97.8166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section .half-offset-right {
+
−
                padding-right: 0
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-bg-white {
+
−
            background: #fff
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        body, html {
+
−
            margin: 0;
+
−
            padding: 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        a, h1, h4, img, li, p, strong, ul {
+
−
            margin: 0;
+
−
            padding: 0;
+
−
            border: 0;
+
−
            font-weight: 400;
+
−
            font-style: normal;
+
−
            font-size: 100%;
+
−
            line-height: 1;
+
−
            font-family: inherit
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        ul {
+
−
            list-style: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        html {
+
−
            font-size: 100%;
+
−
            -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
+
−
            -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        img {
+
−
            border: 0;
+
−
            -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        a {
+
−
            text-decoration: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        html {
+
−
            font-size: 14px;
+
−
            line-height: 1
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .clearfix {
+
−
            position: relative
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .clearfix:after {
+
−
                clear: both;
+
−
                content: "";
+
−
                display: table
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .ib {
+
−
            display: inline-block;
+
−
            zoom: 1
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .hidden {
+
−
            display: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .left-align {
+
−
            text-align: left
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        body {
+
−
            -webkit-animation-delay: .1s;
+
−
            -webkit-animation-duration: .1s;
+
−
            -webkit-animation-iteration-count: 1;
+
−
            -webkit-animation-name: fontfix;
+
−
            -webkit-animation-timing-function: linear
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .container:after {
+
−
            clear: both;
+
−
            content: " ";
+
−
            display: block;
+
−
            height: 0;
+
−
            visibility: hidden
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .clearfix:after, .clearfix:before {
+
−
            content: " ";
+
−
            display: block;
+
−
            height: 0;
+
−
            overflow: hidden;
+
−
            visibility: hidden;
+
−
            width: 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .clearfix:after {
+
−
            clear: both
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .clearfix {
+
−
            zoom: 1
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-edit-modal {
+
−
            -webkit-transform: initial;
+
−
            background: #fff;
+
−
            border-radius: 4px;
+
−
            box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.7);
+
−
            color: #636972;
+
−
            display: none;
+
−
            font-family: open_sans,Open Sans,sans-serif;
+
−
            font-size: 15px;
+
−
            margin: 0 auto;
+
−
            opacity: 1;
+
−
            overflow: hidden;
+
−
            position: relative;
+
−
            transform: translateZ(0);
+
−
            z-index: 2100
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-edit-modal:lang(zh), .s-edit-modal:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: open_sans,Open Sans,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,STXihei,华文细黑,sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (min-width:501px) {
+
−
            .s-edit-modal {
+
−
                border-radius: 4px;
+
−
                box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.7);
+
−
                position: relative
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #strikingly-tooltip-container {
+
−
            font-family: open_sans,Open Sans,sans-serif;
+
−
            left: 0;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            top: 0;
+
−
            width: 100%;
+
−
            z-index: 10000
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #strikingly-tooltip-container:lang(zh), #strikingly-tooltip-container:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: open_sans,Open Sans,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,STXihei,华文细黑,sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+
−
            color: #aaa;
+
−
            font-weight: 400
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        :-moz-placeholder {
+
−
            color: #aaa;
+
−
            font-weight: 400
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        ::-moz-placeholder {
+
−
            color: #aaa;
+
−
            font-weight: 400
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        ::-ms-input-placeholder {
+
−
            color: #aaa;
+
−
            font-weight: 400
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        ::input-placeholder {
+
−
            color: #aaa;
+
−
            font-weight: 400
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        body:not(.edit) .s-animation-image_link_hover-dark_overlay .s-section:not(.s-footer-section):not(.s-store-section) .s-component.s-media {
+
−
            position: relative
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .fa {
+
−
            -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+
−
            -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+
−
            display: inline-block;
+
−
            font: 14px/1 FontAwesome;
+
−
            font-size: inherit;
+
−
            text-rendering: auto
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .fa-angle-down:before {
+
−
            content: "\F107"
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-support-widget-container {
+
−
            bottom: 0;
+
−
            box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            right: 0;
+
−
            z-index: 100000
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .navigation-buttons {
+
−
            bottom: 20px;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            right: 20px;
+
−
            z-index: 999
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navigation-buttons span {
+
−
                border-radius: 3px;
+
−
                display: block;
+
−
                height: 30px;
+
−
                margin-top: 6px;
+
−
                width: 30px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .navigation-buttons span.prev {
+
−
                    background: url(https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/nav-prev.9b7656600ce9922302fa591f0be905b7.png) 5px 5px no-repeat #222
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .navigation-buttons span.next {
+
−
                    background: url(https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/nav-next.dacef369fbedad44046aa690538793ff.png) 5px 5px no-repeat #222
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
        ul.slides li.slide {
+
−
            outline: 0;
+
−
            position: relative
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .section-anchor {
+
−
            left: 0;
+
−
            position: absolute;
+
−
            top: 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-common-button {
+
−
            background: #eee;
+
−
            padding: 10px 20px;
+
−
            word-break: break-word;
+
−
            zoom: 1
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content {
+
−
            font-size: 16px;
+
−
            margin-left: 0;
+
−
            min-height: 100vh;
+
−
            overflow: hidden;
+
−
            position: relative
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content h1 {
+
−
                font-size: 45px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content h4 {
+
−
                font-size: 20px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content h1, #s-content h4 {
+
−
                font-weight: inherit;
+
−
                line-height: inherit
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:875px) {
+
−
            #s-content h1 [style*="font-size: 130%"] {
+
−
                font-size: 100% !important
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:479px) {
+
−
            #s-content h1 {
+
−
                font-size: 36px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content h4 {
+
−
                font-size: 16px
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-text .s-component-content {
+
−
            word-wrap: break-word
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-text .s-component-content strong {
+
−
                font-weight: 700
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-text .s-component-content p {
+
−
                line-height: inherit
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-image, .s-media {
+
−
            min-height: 1px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-image img {
+
−
                max-width: 100%;
+
−
                vertical-align: middle
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-blog-archive-dialog {
+
−
            border-radius: 0;
+
−
            box-shadow: 0 -20px #fff;
+
−
            font-family: inherit;
+
−
            height: 100%;
+
−
            overflow-y: scroll;
+
−
            position: absolute;
+
−
            text-align: left;
+
−
            text-shadow: none;
+
−
            width: 100%
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-wrapper {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                max-width: 960px;
+
−
                width: 80%
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:489px) {
+
−
            #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-wrapper {
+
−
                width: 90%
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-header {
+
−
            background-color: #fff;
+
−
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
+
−
            box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
            color: #000;
+
−
            font-size: 18px;
+
−
            font-weight: 700;
+
−
            height: 117px;
+
−
            max-width: 960px;
+
−
            padding: 50px 0 30px;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            text-transform: uppercase;
+
−
            width: inherit;
+
−
            word-break: break-word;
+
−
            z-index: 10
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-header .close-btn {
+
−
                color: #888;
+
−
                display: inline-block;
+
−
                font-family: open_sans;
+
−
                font-size: 50px;
+
−
                font-weight: 300;
+
−
                line-height: .5em;
+
−
                margin: -10px -2px 0 0;
+
−
                position: absolute;
+
−
                right: 0;
+
−
                top: 60px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:489px) {
+
−
            #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-header .close-btn {
+
−
                top: 25px
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-header .s-blog-archive-view-all-btn {
+
−
            display: inline-block;
+
−
            margin: 5px 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-posts {
+
−
            padding: 117px 0 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-blog-archive-dialog .s-blog-archive-loading {
+
−
            background: url(https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/indicator.ca0502dc147ac73e76b34806a383a87a.gif) 50% no-repeat;#loading gif
+
−
            display: inline-block;
+
−
            height: 16px;
+
−
            margin: 30px 0;
+
−
            width: 100%
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .mobile-actions, .navbar-drawer, .navbar-drawer-bar {
+
−
            display: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .navbar-drawer-bar {
+
−
            background-color: transparent;
+
−
            box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
            left: 0;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            top: 0;
+
−
            width: 100%;
+
−
            z-index: 1010
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navbar-drawer-bar a {
+
−
                background: hsla(0,0%,45%,.9);
+
−
                border-radius: 3px;
+
−
                color: #fff;
+
−
                display: block;
+
−
                height: 40px;
+
−
                line-height: 40px;
+
−
                outline-style: none;
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
                text-align: center;
+
−
                width: 40px;
+
−
                z-index: 1020
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .navbar-drawer-bar a.navbar {
+
−
                    float: left
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar {
+
−
                background: #888;
+
−
                box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);
+
−
                color: #fff
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar {
+
−
                line-height: 48px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar .navbar-icons {
+
−
                    -webkit-transform: rotate(0);
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                    height: 17.3px;
+
−
                    position: relative;
+
−
                    transform: rotate(0);
+
−
                    width: 22px
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar .navbar-icons span {
+
−
                        -webkit-transform: rotate(0);
+
−
                        background-color: #fff;
+
−
                        border-radius: 2px;
+
−
                        display: block;
+
−
                        height: 2px;
+
−
                        left: 0;
+
−
                        opacity: 1;
+
−
                        position: absolute;
+
−
                        transform: rotate(0);
+
−
                        width: 100%
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar .navbar-icons span:first-child {
+
−
                            -webkit-transform-origin: left center;
+
−
                            top: 0;
+
−
                            transform-origin: left center
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar .navbar-icons span:nth-child(2) {
+
−
                            -webkit-transform-origin: left center;
+
−
                            top: 6px;
+
−
                            transform-origin: left center
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar .navbar-icons span:nth-child(3) {
+
−
                            -webkit-transform-origin: left center;
+
−
                            top: 12px;
+
−
                            transform-origin: left center
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navbar-drawer-bar .mobile-cart-icon {
+
−
                float: right;
+
−
                margin-left: 10px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navbar-drawer-bar .drawer-container {
+
−
                height: 40px;
+
−
                padding: 10px;
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
                text-align: center
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-new-mobile-actions-wrapper {
+
−
            background-color: #fff;
+
−
            bottom: -2px;
+
−
            box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.22);
+
−
            display: none;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            right: 0;
+
−
            width: 100%;
+
−
            z-index: 1000
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-mobile-actions {
+
−
            width: 100%
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .strikingly-drawer {
+
−
            background: #fff;
+
−
            display: none;
+
−
            overflow: auto;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            top: 0;
+
−
            width: 100%;
+
−
            z-index: 1002
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .strikingly-drawer.navbar-drawer {
+
−
                -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%);
+
−
                max-height: 100vh;
+
−
                max-height: 100%;
+
−
                transform: translateY(-100%)
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .strikingly-drawer ul {
+
−
                -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+
−
                list-style: none;
+
−
                overflow: auto;
+
−
                padding-top: 44px;
+
−
                position: relative
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .strikingly-drawer ul li {
+
−
                    display: block;
+
−
                    padding: 0 24px;
+
−
                    position: relative;
+
−
                    z-index: 1015
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .strikingly-drawer ul li a {
+
−
                        border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+
−
                        color: #666;
+
−
                        display: block;
+
−
                        font-size: 16px;
+
−
                        font-weight: 300;
+
−
                        padding: 15px 30px
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-category-drawer-wrapper {
+
−
            display: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            .s-nav {
+
−
                display: none
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-category-drawer-wrapper {
+
−
                display: block
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #navbar-drawer-mask {
+
−
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.4);
+
−
            bottom: 0;
+
−
            display: none;
+
−
            left: 0;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            right: 0;
+
−
            top: 0;
+
−
            z-index: 1001
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .mobile-actions {
+
−
            -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+
−
            display: none;
+
−
            height: 172px;
+
−
            opacity: 0;
+
−
            position: fixed;
+
−
            right: 7px;
+
−
            top: -170px;
+
−
            z-index: 999
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            #s-new-mobile-actions-wrapper, .mobile-actions, .navbar-drawer-bar, .strikingly-drawer {
+
−
                display: block
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .navigation-buttons, .navigation-buttons span.next, .navigation-buttons span.prev {
+
−
                display: none
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper {
+
−
            display: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .fixed-login-container {
+
−
            display: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media screen and (min-width:728px) {
+
−
            .fixed-login-container {
+
−
                display: block;
+
−
                position: fixed;
+
−
                right: 150px;
+
−
                top: 10px;
+
−
                z-index: 110
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper.no-cart + .fixed-login-container {
+
−
            right: 10px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-bg-overlay {
+
−
            position: relative
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-bg-overlay:before {
+
−
                -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
+
−
                background: rgba(0,0,0,.39);
+
−
                content: "";
+
−
                display: block !important;
+
−
                height: 100%;
+
−
                left: 0;
+
−
                position: absolute;
+
−
                top: 0;
+
−
                transform-style: preserve-3d;
+
−
                width: 100%
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section {
+
−
            color: #50555c;
+
−
            padding: 80px 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section, .s-section .s-component.s-text .s-component-content, .s-section .s-component.s-text .s-component-content p, .s-section .s-component.s-text .s-component-content span, .s-section .s-component.s-text .s-component-content strong {
+
−
                line-height: 1.45
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section.s-bg-light-text {
+
−
                    color: #fff
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section.s-bg-light-text .s-subtitle, .s-section.s-bg-light-text .s-title {
+
−
                        color: #fff
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .s-title-group {
+
−
                    margin-bottom: 30px;
+
−
                    position: relative
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section .s-title-group .s-title {
+
−
                        line-height: 1.2;
+
−
                        margin-bottom: 15px
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .s-section .s-title-group .s-title .s-component.s-text .s-component-content, .s-section .s-title-group .s-title .s-component.s-text .s-component-content p, .s-section .s-title-group .s-title .s-component.s-text .s-component-content span, .s-section .s-title-group .s-title .s-component.s-text .s-component-content strong {
+
−
                            line-height: 1.2
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section .s-title-group .s-subtitle {
+
−
                        margin-bottom: 10px
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section.s-hero-section, .s-section.s-hero-section .s-title-group {
+
−
                    text-align: left
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            .fixed-login-container {
+
−
                display: none
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section.s-hero-section .s-component.s-media {
+
−
                margin-bottom: 15px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section.s-new-hero-section .empty-media {
+
−
                display: none
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-text-color-white {
+
−
            color: #fff
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-section.s-hero-section .s-media {
+
−
            text-align: center
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-common-button {
+
−
            text-align: center
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-title-group {
+
−
            text-align: center
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-theme-alignment-center .s-hero-section .s-title-group {
+
−
            text-align: left
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (min-width:728px) {
+
−
            .s-section .s-rva {
+
−
                display: -webkit-flex;
+
−
                display: flex
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .s-rva.s-layout-buttonLeft {
+
−
                    -webkit-flex-direction: row-reverse;
+
−
                    flex-direction: row-reverse
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .s-rva .s-rva-text {
+
−
                    -webkit-align-self: center;
+
−
                    align-self: center;
+
−
                    margin-bottom: 10px
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                padding: 0;
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
                width: 100%
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .columns {
+
−
                    display: inline;
+
−
                    float: left;
+
−
                    margin-left: 1.04166666%;
+
−
                    margin-right: 1.04166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container .eight.columns {
+
−
                    width: 47.8166666%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section .half-offset-right {
+
−
                padding-right: 3.125%
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            .s-section {
+
−
                padding: 40px 0
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .container {
+
−
                    margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                    padding: 0;
+
−
                    position: relative;
+
−
                    width: 90%
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section .container .columns {
+
−
                        display: inline;
+
−
                        float: left;
+
−
                        margin-left: 1.04166666%;
+
−
                        margin-right: 1.04166666%
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .s-section .container .eight.columns {
+
−
                        width: 97.8166666%
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-section .half-offset-right {
+
−
                    padding-right: 0
+
−
                }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-font-title {
+
−
            font-family: montserrat,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-font-title:lang(zh), .s-font-title:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: montserrat,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,STXihei,华文细黑,sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-font-body {
+
−
            font-family: montserrat,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-font-body:lang(zh), .s-font-body:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: montserrat,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,STXihei,华文细黑,sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-font-heading {
+
−
            font-family: montserrat,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-font-heading:lang(zh), .s-font-heading:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: montserrat,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,STXihei,华文细黑,sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content h1 {
+
−
            margin-bottom: 10px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content h4 {
+
−
            margin-bottom: 5px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .navbar-drawer-bar .navbar {
+
−
            border-radius: 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section {
+
−
            -webkit-align-items: center;
+
−
            align-items: center;
+
−
            display: -webkit-flex;
+
−
            display: flex;
+
−
            margin: 0 auto;
+
−
            padding: 75px 0
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                max-width: 1060px
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:1023px) {
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                width: 90%
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (min-width:1024px) {
+
−
            .s-section .container {
+
−
                margin: 0 auto;
+
−
                width: 84%
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section .s-title-group {
+
−
            margin-bottom: 40px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-common-button {
+
−
            color: #fff;
+
−
            display: inline-block;
+
−
            font-size: 20px;
+
−
            font-weight: 700;
+
−
            padding: 14px 28px;
+
−
            text-decoration: none
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-new-hero-section .s-common-button {
+
−
            padding: 24px 40px
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        @media only screen and (max-width:727px) {
+
−
            .s-nav {
+
−
                display: block
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-navbar-desktop {
+
−
                display: none
+
−
            }
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        .s-section .container {
+
−
            max-width: 94% !important
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body {
+
−
            font-family: nunito,helvetica,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(zh), #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: nunito,helvetica,'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑",sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title {
+
−
            font-family: "source sans pro",helvetica,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(zh), #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: "source sans pro",helvetica,'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑",sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
        #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading {
+
−
            font-family: "source sans pro",helvetica,sans-serif
+
−
        }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(zh), #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(zh-cn) {
+
−
                font-family: "source sans pro",helvetica,'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑",sans-serif
+
−
            }
+
−
    </style>
+
−
    <link rel="preload" media="screen" href="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/_reset-e86dc20205eb267eb1803edb4281063d0db8db4dde3345771532819dae916332.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'">
+
−
    <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/_reset-e86dc20205eb267eb1803edb4281063d0db8db4dde3345771532819dae916332.css"></noscript>
+
−
    <link rel="preload" media="screen" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito:400,700|Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700,300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic|Montserrat:400,700&amp;subset=latin,latin-ext" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'">
+
−
    <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito:400,700|Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700,300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic|Montserrat:400,700&amp;subset=latin,latin-ext"></noscript>
+
−
    <link rel="preload" media="screen" href="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/themes/s5-theme/main_v4.d5f68dfe3a566a3c1c77.bundle.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'">
+
−
    <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/themes/s5-theme/main_v4.d5f68dfe3a566a3c1c77.bundle.css"></noscript>#这段很重要
+
−
    <link href="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon">
+
−
    <link href="/i/pwa/manifest.json" rel="manifest">
+
−
    <meta content="RDFZ-China" property="og:title">
+
−
    <meta content="http://site-1518694-4764-3608.strikingly.com/" property="og:url">
+
−
    <meta content="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/fb_images/default.png" property="og:image">
+
−
    <meta content="RDFZ-China" property="og:site_name">
+
−
    <meta content="" property="og:description">
+
−
    <meta content="RDFZ-China" itemprop="name">
+
−
    <meta content="" itemprop="description">
+
−
    <meta content="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/fb_images/default.png" itemprop="image">
+
−
    <meta content="" name="description">
+
−
 
+
−
    <meta name="support-helper" content="{&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;site-1518694-4764-3608&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:12045596}">
+
−
    <link rel="canonical" href="http://site-1518694-4764-3608.strikingly.com/">
+
−
    <script>
+
−
var _strk = _strk || []
+
−
_strk.push = function(arg1, arg2){
+
−
  var _arrayPush = Array.prototype.push.bind(this)
+
−
  if (typeof arg1 === 'string' && typeof arg2 === 'function') {
+
−
    // Support _strk.push(event, fn) for better UX
+
−
    _arrayPush([arg1, arg2])
+
−
  } else {
+
−
    _arrayPush.apply(this, arguments)
+
−
  }
+
−
}
+
−
window.runAfterDomBinding = {
+
−
  add: function(name, fn) {
+
−
    _strk.push(['Page.didMount', fn])
+
−
  }
+
−
}
+
−
    </script>
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
    <!-- CUSTOM_CODE_START -->
+
−
    <!-- CUSTOM_CODE_END -->
+
−
 
+
−
    <meta name="asset-url" content="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com">
+
−
    <script>
+
−
  (function() {
+
−
    window.$B || (window.$B = {});
+
−
 
+
−
  }).call(this);
+
−
    </script>
+
−
    <script src="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/detectIE-29660a929516ac61f29b3e574d0424bc6ef4f3c57786c28053ed04c35b8f5a58.js" async="async"></script>
+
−
 
+
−
</head>
+
−
<body class="show locale-zh-CN" id="user_sites">
+
−
     <div class="" data-id="12045596" id="s-page-container">
+
−
         <style>
+
−
            .css-1ym1w9s .s-section:not(.s-slider-section):not(.s-grid-section),
+
−
            .css-1ym1w9s .s-grid-section:not(._wide) {
+
−
                padding-top: 75px;
+
−
                padding-bottom: 75px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-enscdp {
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-navbar-desktop-normal .css-enscdp .s-logo-image-alternative {
+
−
                display: none;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .s-navbar-desktop-fixed .css-enscdp {
+
−
                position: relative;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .s-navbar-desktop-fixed .css-enscdp .s-logo-image-alternative > .s-logo-image.image1 {
+
−
                    display: none;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-uhh9t8 .s-common-button {
+
−
                border-radius: 4px;
+
−
                border: 2px solid;
+
−
                background: transparent;
+
−
                color: inherit;
+
−
                -webkit-transition: all 0.15s;
+
−
                transition: all 0.15s;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-uhh9t8 .s-common-button:hover {
+
−
                    opacity: 0.8;
+
−
                    background: transparent;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1nxcohz .s-section:not(.s-slider-section):not(.s-grid-section),
+
−
            .css-1nxcohz .s-grid-section:not(._wide) {
+
−
                padding-top: 75px;
+
−
                padding-bottom: 75px !important;
+
−
                -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
                box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
                min-height: calc(100vh - 0px);
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop {
+
−
                background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
−
                padding: 10px;
+
−
                position: absolute;
+
−
                left: 0px;
+
−
                z-index: 201;
+
−
                width: 100%;
+
−
                -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
                box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-uncollapsed-nav > .s-nav-li,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons > .s-nav-li,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-common-button {
+
−
                    font-size: 100%;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-common-button {
+
−
                    margin-top: 0px;
+
−
                    padding: 12px 20px;
+
−
                    word-break: keep-all;
+
−
                    white-space: nowrap;
+
−
                    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
+
−
                    box-shadow: 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-title {
+
−
                    -ms-flex-negative: 0;
+
−
                    flex-shrink: 0;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-title,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-subtitle {
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                    min-width: 70px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-subtitle {
+
−
                    opacity: 0.5;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-container,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons {
+
−
                    display: -webkit-box;
+
−
                    display: -ms-flexbox;
+
−
                    display: flex;
+
−
                    -webkit-box-align: center;
+
−
                    -ms-flex-align: center;
+
−
                    align-items: center;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-container .s-nav-li,
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons .s-nav-li {
+
−
                        margin-right: 10px;
+
−
                        cursor: pointer;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links ul li.hidden {
+
−
                    display: none;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-inner {
+
−
                    max-width: 100%;
+
−
                    display: -webkit-box;
+
−
                    display: -ms-flexbox;
+
−
                    display: flex;
+
−
                    -webkit-box-align: center;
+
−
                    -ms-flex-align: center;
+
−
                    align-items: center;
+
−
                    margin: auto;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li {
+
−
                    cursor: pointer;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li a {
+
−
                        border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-collapsed-nav {
+
−
                    background: white;
+
−
                    text-align: left;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons {
+
−
                    white-space: nowrap;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons .s-nav-li {
+
−
                        margin-left: 10px;
+
−
                        margin-right: 10px;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-icons .s-nav-li:empty {
+
−
                            display: none;
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-btn {
+
−
                    margin-left: 10px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop ul li._compact {
+
−
                    font-size: 87%;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-link-container {
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown {
+
−
                    position: relative;
+
−
                    cursor: pointer;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown._dropdown-open > ul {
+
−
                        display: block;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown .s-nav-link-container {
+
−
                        display: block;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown ul {
+
−
                        display: none;
+
−
                        z-index: 201;
+
−
                        -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
                        box-sizing: border-box;
+
−
                        min-width: 130px;
+
−
                        max-width: 250px;
+
−
                        -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
+
−
                        box-shadow: 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
+
−
                        background: white;
+
−
                        border-radius: 4px;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown ul li {
+
−
                            line-height: 1.3em;
+
−
                            text-align: left;
+
−
                            cursor: pointer;
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                            .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown ul li a {
+
−
                                text-overflow: ellipsis;
+
−
                            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown li {
+
−
                    margin: 0px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown li > .s-nav-link-container {
+
−
                        padding: 10px 0px;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown li.selected > .s-nav-link-container,
+
−
                        .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown li > .s-nav-link-container:hover {
+
−
                            background: #f2f2f2;
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-navbar-dropdown ul .s-nav-link-container,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-collapsed-nav a {
+
−
                    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-image {
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                    margin-right: 10px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-dark-text .s-nav-li,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-dark-text .s-nav-li a,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-dark-text .s-nav-btn,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-dark-text .s-logo-title,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-dark-text .s-logo-subtitle {
+
−
                    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-uncollapsed-nav > .s-nav-li,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-uncollapsed-nav > .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-nav-icons > .s-nav-li,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-nav-icons > .s-nav-li a,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-nav-btn,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-logo-title,
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-logo-subtitle {
+
−
                    color: white;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-bg-light-text .s-nav-icons > .s-nav-li .login-container .s-nav-dropdown ul a {
+
−
                        color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-collapsed-nav > li {
+
−
                    display: block;
+
−
                    text-align: left;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .login-container .s-nav-dropdown {
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .login-container .s-nav-dropdown li {
+
−
                        padding: 4px 2px !important;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-image-alternative {
+
−
                    display: none;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart .fa {
+
−
                    margin-right: 5px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links .s-navbar-dropdown li.s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container {
+
−
                    padding: 10px 10px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed {
+
−
                    position: fixed;
+
−
                    top: 0px;
+
−
                    z-index: 210;
+
−
                    left: 0px;
+
−
                    width: calc(100% - 0px);
+
−
                    -webkit-transition: all 0.25s;
+
−
                    transition: all 0.25s;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-logo-image-normal {
+
−
                        display: none;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-logo-image-alternative {
+
−
                        display: inline-block;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-logo-image img {
+
−
                        max-height: 40px;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop._maximize-nav-item-space .s-nav-inner {
+
−
                    display: -webkit-box;
+
−
                    display: -ms-flexbox;
+
−
                    display: flex;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop._maximize-nav-item-space .s-nav-items-and-links {
+
−
                    -webkit-box-flex: 100;
+
−
                    -ms-flex-positive: 100;
+
−
                    flex-grow: 100;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links {
+
−
                    -webkit-box-flex: 1;
+
−
                    -ms-flex-positive: 1;
+
−
                    flex-grow: 1;
+
−
                    text-align: right;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links li a {
+
−
                        font-weight: bold;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                    .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links li {
+
−
                        display: inline-block;
+
−
                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                        .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-nav-items-and-links li .s-nav-link-container {
+
−
                            padding: 5px 10px;
+
−
                        }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-navbar-dropdown li {
+
−
                    display: block;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-title {
+
−
                    font-size: 120%;
+
−
                    margin-left: 10px;
+
−
                    margin-right: 10px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo {
+
−
                    max-width: 200px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop .s-logo-image img {
+
−
                    max-height: 60px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal {
+
−
                    visibility: hidden;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative {
+
−
                    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
+
−
                    box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
+
−
                    padding-top: 10px;
+
−
                    padding-bottom: 10px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed .s-logo-image-1 {
+
−
                    display: inline-block;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed .s-logo-image-2 {
+
−
                    display: none;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.selected > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li:hover > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    outline: none;
+
−
                    border-bottom-color: inherit;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li.selected .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-normal .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li:hover .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    color: inherit;
+
−
                    border-bottom-color: transparent;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed:not(._alternative) .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.selected > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed:not(._alternative) .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li:hover > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    outline: none;
+
−
                    border-bottom-color: inherit;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed:not(._alternative) .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed:not(._alternative) .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li.selected .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed:not(._alternative) .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li:hover .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    color: inherit;
+
−
                    border-bottom-color: transparent;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.selected > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li:hover > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    outline: none;
+
−
                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li.selected .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a, .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed._alternative .s-nav-items-and-links .s-nav-li.s-navbar-dropdown.s-nav-li:hover .s-nav-li > .s-nav-link-container > a {
+
−
                    color: inherit;
+
−
                    border-bottom-color: transparent;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-qca40n .s-navbar-mobile-header {
+
−
                display: none;
+
−
                -webkit-box-align: center;
+
−
                -ms-flex-align: center;
+
−
                align-items: center;
+
−
                -webkit-box-pack: center;
+
−
                -ms-flex-pack: center;
+
−
                justify-content: center;
+
−
                background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
−
                text-align: center;
+
−
                padding: 5px;
+
−
                min-height: 50px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-mobile-header .s-logo-image img {
+
−
                    max-height: 50px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            @media screen and (min-width: 728px) {
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop.s-navbar-desktop-fixed {
+
−
                    display: block;
+
−
                }
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            @media screen and (max-width: 727px) {
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-mobile-header {
+
−
                    display: -webkit-box;
+
−
                    display: -ms-flexbox;
+
−
                    display: flex;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-qca40n .s-navbar-desktop {
+
−
                    display: none;
+
−
                }
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr {
+
−
                font-size: 15px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-1c86csr .s-section .container {
+
−
                    z-index: 4;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-1c86csr .s-section:not(.s-slider-section) .container {
+
−
                    width: 1000px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-1c86csr .s-section.s-slider-section .container {
+
−
                    width: 1000px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-1c86csr .s-email-form .s-email-form-fields-group .s-email-form-field input[type="text"], .css-1c86csr
+
−
                .s-signup-form .s-email-form-fields-group .s-email-form-field input[type="text"], .css-1c86csr
+
−
                .s-email-form .s-email-form-fields-group .s-email-form-field textarea, .css-1c86csr
+
−
                .s-signup-form .s-email-form-fields-group .s-email-form-field textarea {
+
−
                    border-radius: 4px;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content .css-1c86csr h1, #s-content .css-1c86csr h2 {
+
−
                font-size: 36px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content .css-1c86csr h4 {
+
−
                font-size: 24px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content .css-1c86csr h3, #s-content .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog-title, #s-content .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-name {
+
−
                font-size: 18px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            #s-content .css-1c86csr h6, #s-content .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog-info, #s-content .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-price {
+
−
                font-size: 18px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr h6, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-section, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-contact-info-form .s-contact-info-item, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog .s-blog-details-blurb, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-footer-section .s-footer-text, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-item-text {
+
−
                font-size: 15px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .navbar-drawer-bar:not(.drawer-open) .navbar {
+
−
                background: white;
+
−
                border-radius: 4px;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
                .css-1c86csr .navbar-drawer-bar:not(.drawer-open) .navbar .navbar-icons span {
+
−
                    background-color: #666;
+
−
                }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .s-title {
+
−
                color: #555;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .s-subtitle {
+
−
                color: #f50308;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .s-item-title, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog-title, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-name {
+
−
                color: #555;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .s-item-subtitle, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-page-product .s-section .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .s-ecommerce-row-view-product-detail-panel .s-ecommerce-row-view-product-pricing, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .slides .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-cards .s-ecommerce-card-view-card .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-price, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog-info {
+
−
                color: #9b59b6;
+
−
            }
+
−
 
+
−
            .css-1c86csr .s-item-text, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-footer-text, .css-1c86csr
+
−
            .s-blog-details-blurb {
+
−
                color: #50555c;
+
−
            }
+
−
         </style><div data-hypernova-key="SiteBootstrapper" data-hypernova-id="a4dee718-16e8-437d-9941-5f1422d0a530" data-hypernova-emotion-id="1ym1w9s,enscdp,uhh9t8,1nxcohz,qca40n,1c86csr">
+
−
             <div data-reactroot="">
+
−
                 <div id="s-content" class="s-variation-default s-custom-colors s-animation-image_link_hover-dark_overlay s-font-heading-source-sans-pro s-font-title-source-sans-pro s-font-body-nunito s-entrance-mask s-theme-alignment-center" lang="zh-CN">
+
−
                     <div style="margin:auto">
+
−
                        <div class="social-thumbnail"><div style="display:none"><img src="https://static-assets.strikinglycdn.com/images/fb_images/default.png" width="300" height="300"></div></div><div>
+
−
                            <style id="color-style-tag">
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-bg-overlay:before {
+
−
                                    background: rgba(126,8,8,0.35);
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-component.s-social-media ul.s-social-media-buttons .s-social-icon {
+
−
                                    background: rgba(155,89,182,0.5);
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .s-ecommerce-row-view-product-thumbnail-list ul li.current {
+
−
                                    border: 2px solid #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-card .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-stock-warning {
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart {
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart.hovered {
+
−
                                        background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-mobile {
+
−
                                    background: #fed5d5;
+
−
                                    border-top: 1px solid #cbaaaa;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-wrapper .s-ecommerce-shopping-cart-mobile .check-btn {
+
−
                                        background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-animation-item {
+
−
                                    border: 2px solid #9b59b6;
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .mobile-select .price-label {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .mobile-select .variation-item.selected {
+
−
                                    border: 1px solid #9b59b6;
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .mobile-select .add-btn {
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .slider-wrapper .slider-dot-wrapper .slider-dot {
+
−
                                    border: 1px solid #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .slider-wrapper .slider-dot-wrapper .slider-dot.selected {
+
−
                                        background: #9b59b6
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-cards .s-ecommerce-card-view-card .s-ecommerce-card-view-card-price {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-row-view-product .s-ecommerce-row-view-product-detail-panel .s-ecommerce-row-view-product-pricing {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-section .s-category-bar .category-list .category-link-item.selected {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .s-custom-colors .s-section .s-category-bar .category-list .category-link-item.selected:after {
+
−
                                        background: #9b59b6
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-section .s-category-bar .category-list .category-link-item-wrapper:hover .category-link-item:not(.no-hover) {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .next-product-btn {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .prev-product-btn {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .back-btn {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .next-product-btn:hover {
+
−
                                    color: #af7ac4;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .prev-product-btn:hover {
+
−
                                    color: #af7ac4;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-ecommerce .s-ecommerce-products-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-wrapper .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail .s-ecommerce-card-view-detail-header .back-btn:hover {
+
−
                                    color: #af7ac4;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-donation-section .s-component.s-donation .s-donation-progress .progress-bar .progress {
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-donation-section .s-component.s-donation .s-donation-progress .progress-bar .indicator:before {
+
−
                                    background: #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-donation-section .s-component.s-donation .s-donation-progress .progress-bar .indicator:after {
+
−
                                    border-top-color: #9b59b6
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .navigator .nav-container .nav ul li a:hover,
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .navigator .nav-container .nav ul li a.selected {
+
−
                                    background: #feeaea;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .navigator .nav-container .nav ul.items li,
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .navigator .nav-container .nav ul.items,
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .navigator {
+
−
                                    border-color: #fec0c0;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .dummy-shadow {
+
−
                                    box-shadow: #fed5d5 0 0 10px 0 inset;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .navbar-drawer.strikingly-drawer ul#nav-drawer-list {
+
−
                                    border-right: 1px solid #feeaea;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .navbar-drawer.strikingly-drawer ul#nav-drawer-list li a.selected {
+
−
                                        background: #feeaea;
+
−
                                        box-shadow: 5px 0 0 0 #fec0c0 inset;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    .navbar-drawer.strikingly-drawer ul#nav-drawer-list li a {
+
−
                                        border-bottom: 1px solid #fec0c0;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-text-color-custom1 {
+
−
                                    color: #9b59b6;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                .s-custom-colors .s-text-color-custom2 {
+
−
                                    color: #fc1010;
+
−
                                }
+
−
                            </style>
+
−
                            <style id="font-style-tag">
+
−
                                #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body {
+
−
                                    font-family: nunito, helvetica, sans-serif;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(ja) {
+
−
                                        font-family: nunito, helvetica, "ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro",Osaka,"メイリオ",Meiryo,"ＭＳ Ｐゴシック","MS PGothic", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(zh-cn),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(sxl),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(zh) {
+
−
                                        font-family: nunito, helvetica, 'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-body-nunito .s-font-body:lang(zh-tw) {
+
−
                                        font-family: nunito, helvetica, 'Lisong Pro', 'PMingLiU', 'PingFang TC','Microsoft JhengHei',"微軟正黑體",STXihei, sans-serif;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title {
+
−
                                    font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, sans-serif;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(ja) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, "ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro",Osaka,"メイリオ",Meiryo,"ＭＳ Ｐゴシック","MS PGothic", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(zh-cn),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(sxl),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(zh) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, 'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-title-source-sans-pro .s-font-title:lang(zh-tw) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, 'Lisong Pro', 'PMingLiU', 'PingFang TC','Microsoft JhengHei',"微軟正黑體",STXihei, sans-serif;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading {
+
−
                                    font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, sans-serif;
+
−
                                }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(ja) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, "ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro",Osaka,"メイリオ",Meiryo,"ＭＳ Ｐゴシック","MS PGothic", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(zh-cn),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(sxl),
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(zh) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, 'PingFang SC',"Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑",STXihei,"华文细黑", sans-serif
+
−
                                    }
+
−
 
+
−
                                    #s-content.s-font-heading-source-sans-pro .s-font-heading:lang(zh-tw) {
+
−
                                        font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, 'Lisong Pro', 'PMingLiU', 'PingFang TC','Microsoft JhengHei',"微軟正黑體",STXihei, sans-serif;
+
−
                                    }
+
−
                            </style>
+
−
                        </div><div name="topBar" type="NavTheme" id="f_a7eefaef-c78a-4fe1-925d-f515062961c4" class="css-NavbarSection-192rqjg0 s-nav navigator css-qca40n"><div class="s-navbar-desktop s-navbar-desktop-normal s-bg-light-text"><div class="s-nav-inner">
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                                                    <div class="columns sixteen"><div class="s-title-group  "><div class="s-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h4 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p style="font-size: 160%;" class="s-text-color-black"><b>Devices</b></p></h4></div></div></div></div>
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                                                    <div class="s-mh  s-repeatable"><div><div data-sorting-index="0" class="third columns no-float s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=""><div class="s-item-media-wrapper s-mhi "><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:322px;max-height:484px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:150.31%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_ztbohb.png"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_ztbohb.png"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="s-item-text-group "><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p>Fermenter</p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p><strong>For Fermentation</strong></p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-sorting-index="1" class="third columns no-float s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=""><div class="s-item-media-wrapper s-mhi "><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:322px;max-height:484px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:150.31%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_y9ltoi.png"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_y9ltoi.png"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="s-item-text-group "><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p>Therapeutic Bactiera</p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p>For bacterial therapy</p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-sorting-index="2" class="third columns no-float s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=""><div class="s-item-media-wrapper s-mhi "><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:322px;max-height:484px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:150.31%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_adtbhy.png"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="322" height="484" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1134318/%E7%94%BB%E6%9D%BF_2_adtbhy.png"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="s-item-text-group "><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p>Kill Swithes</p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p>For genome degredation</p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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                                                            <div data-sorting-index="0" class=" s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=" s-rva"><div class="s-item-media-wrapper ten columns  s-left-in-row s-rva-media"><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:720px;max-height:404px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:56.11%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="720" height="404" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Circuit_wa1gmo.png"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="720" height="404" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Circuit_wa1gmo.png"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six columns s-right-in-row s-rva-text"><div class="s-item-text-group half-offset-left"><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p style="font-size: 160%;"><b>Design</b></p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p><strong>Detailed description of our application scenarios and circuit considerations</strong></p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-sorting-index="1" class=" s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=" s-rva"><div class="s-item-media-wrapper ten columns  s-right-in-row right s-rva-media"><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:720px;max-height:404px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:56.11%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="720" height="404" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Result1_zxyk1w.jpg"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="720" height="404" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Result1_zxyk1w.jpg"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six columns s-left-in-row right s-rva-text"><div class="s-item-text-group half-offset-right"><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p style="font-size: 160%;"><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:RDFZ-China/Demonstrate"><span class="s-text-color-black"><b>Results</b></span></a></p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Believe it will work.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>And it did work.</strong></p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-sorting-index="2" class=" s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=" s-rva"><div class="s-item-media-wrapper ten columns  s-left-in-row s-rva-media"><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:720px;max-height:422px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" 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data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Safety4_uzemmh.jpg"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" data-description="" width="533" height="393" src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--Safety4_uzemmh.jpg"></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six columns s-left-in-row right s-rva-text"><div class="s-item-text-group half-offset-right"><div class="s-item-title"><div class="s-component s-text"><h3 class="s-component-content s-font-heading"><p style="font-size: 160%;"><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:RDFZ-China/Human_Practices"><span class="s-text-color-black"><b>Human Practice</b></span></a></p></h3></div></div><div class="s-item-subtitle"><div class="s-component s-text"><h6 class="s-component-content s-font-body"><p><strong>We investigated and propagated biosafety in several dimensions, from paper work to practical work.</strong></p></h6></div></div><div class="s-item-text"><div class="s-component s-text"></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-sorting-index="4" class=" s-repeatable-item"><div class="clearfix"><div class=" s-rva"><div class="s-item-media-wrapper ten columns  s-left-in-row s-rva-media"><div class="s-item-media-group"><div class="s-component s-media "><div><div class="s-component-content"><div><div class="s-ratio-box" style="max-width:720px;max-height:511px"><div class="s-ratio-fill" style="padding-bottom:70.97%"></div><div><img alt="" title="" class="lazyload crop-default" data-description="" width="720" height="511" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="//res.cloudinary.com/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_1440,w_720,f_auto,q_auto/v1/1518694/T--RDFZ-China--BigPhoto2_xp2prt.jpg"><noscript><img alt="" title="" class="crop-default" 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                <h3>References</h3>
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                <p>Ceroni, F., Algar, R., Stan, G. B., & Ellis, T. (2015). Quantifying cellular capacity identifies gene expression designs with reduced burden. Nature methods, 12(5), 415.</p>
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    <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.0/jquery.min.js" defer="defer"></script>
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                <p>Ionis Paris. (2017). Biological thermo-responsive solution, that reduces the plant’s thermal stresses. Available from: https://2017.igem.org/Team:IONIS-PARIS.</p>
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                <p>Peking-S iGEM. (2011). A Chemical Wire Toolbox for Synthetic Microbial Consortia. Avaible from: https://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking_S.</p>
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Latest revision as of 02:11, 18 October 2018

Measurement

Expression Burden

In synthetic biology, a common issue in integrating exogenous sequences into host cells is that heterologous gene expression can cause significant metabolic burden. Typically, this gene expression burden is implied by a declining growth rate of bacteria, which is unfavorable for fermentation industry because it lowers yields and profits. According to Ceroni et al. (2015), a fluorescence-based method allows to measure gene expression capacity of cells, by inserting a “capacity monitor”.

Capacity Monitor

The “Capacity Monitor” consists of a superfold GFP with a strong constitutive promoter, which is constantly expressed in the bacterial genome. Thus, any alternation in fluorescence intensity can reflect in overall resource availability in the cell. Particularly, with expression of synthesized genes, the expression of GFP will decrease, thus reporting a reallocation of cellular resources.

VioABDE

After applying capacity monitor, we compared the fluorescence of E. coli with an empty vector and E. coli with VioABDE inserted and expressed. Both strains were incubated for 24 hours with fluorescence and OD constantly monitored. However, the OD of bacteria with VioABDE increased faster than the bacteria without Vio expression, which contradicts our initial expectation.

We co transformed the TlpA39-VioABDE into the capcatiy monitor component cell which was made by beyotime component cell kit.

Then the Capacity Monitor and Capacity Monitor-Vio were incubicated in microshaker in 39 degree Celsius, then they were added to the 96 well plates. "

Alternative Device

Since we target to modify bacteria used in fermentation industry, which primarily are used for material synthesis and production, our sequence inserts should occupy as limited resources in bacteria as possible to avoid significant expression burden. In order to reduce this expression stress, we designed another device for fermentation which used a LuxR repressive promoter (Peking-S, 2011) and the “Cold Box” in 5’UTR region of CspA (Ionis Paris, 2017). With only one transcriptional regulator, less energy will be consumed, which is beneficial for fermentation industry.

References

Ceroni, F., Algar, R., Stan, G. B., & Ellis, T. (2015). Quantifying cellular capacity identifies gene expression designs with reduced burden. Nature methods, 12(5), 415.

Ionis Paris. (2017). Biological thermo-responsive solution, that reduces the plant’s thermal stresses. Available from: https://2017.igem.org/Team:IONIS-PARIS.

Peking-S iGEM. (2011). A Chemical Wire Toolbox for Synthetic Microbial Consortia. Avaible from: https://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking_S.

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