Difference between revisions of "Team:Montpellier/Peptides"
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| + | <h1> Peptides </h1> | ||
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| + | <h2> Introduction </h2> | ||
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| + | <p>Antimicrobial peptides have an action against different types of bacteria: but what about the vaginal cells and the vaginal flora ? | ||
| + | It’s has been shown that most of antimicrobials peptides (AMPs) are hydrophobics and cationics peptides, they bind to the anionic phospholipids on the outer surface of bacterial cell membrane [1]. The affinity for the mammalian cells is on the contrary really low because the outer surface is composed of zwitterionic phospholipids. As a consequence, AMPs will not hurt the vaginal epithelial cells. Moreover, AMPs have an higher affinity for spermatozoa membranes which are composed of anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane, and caused the lost of motility of spermatozoa and prevent the fecondation. Lastly, all the AMPs studied are not harmful for the lactobacilli in the vaginal microbiota [2]. All of this reasons make some AMPs promising targets for being used for contraception.</p> | ||
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| + | <h2>The different AMPs </h2> | ||
| + | <h3>Subtilosin A </h3> | ||
| + | <p>Subtilosin A (SboA) is an antimicrobial peptide of 32 amino acids naturally produced by Bacillus subtilis. | ||
| + | This AMP is a very good candidate since it also is involved in various antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis [3] involved in Bacterial vaginosis. </p> | ||
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| + | <p>SboA is produced and then secreted by B. subtitles thanks to a very complex operon made of 8 genes called the Alb operon.</p> | ||
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| + | <h4>Production of Subtilosin A </h4> | ||
| + | <p>In Bacillus subtilis, the subtilosin A is produced by the expression of an operon of 8 genes (figure 1). | ||
| + | However, It is possible to get a correctly folded - and therefore active - protein with only SboA and AlbA genes [4]. | ||
| + | Indeed, SboA is the Subtilosin A precursor of 32 amino acids, and Alba is part of radical SAM proteins superfamily proteins that use [4Fe-4S]+ cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical and catalyze the formation of 3 thioether bonds in SboA making it mature.</p> | ||
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Revision as of 12:50, 1 October 2018
<body> <section>
Contents
Peptides
Introduction
Antimicrobial peptides have an action against different types of bacteria: but what about the vaginal cells and the vaginal flora ? It’s has been shown that most of antimicrobials peptides (AMPs) are hydrophobics and cationics peptides, they bind to the anionic phospholipids on the outer surface of bacterial cell membrane [1]. The affinity for the mammalian cells is on the contrary really low because the outer surface is composed of zwitterionic phospholipids. As a consequence, AMPs will not hurt the vaginal epithelial cells. Moreover, AMPs have an higher affinity for spermatozoa membranes which are composed of anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane, and caused the lost of motility of spermatozoa and prevent the fecondation. Lastly, all the AMPs studied are not harmful for the lactobacilli in the vaginal microbiota [2]. All of this reasons make some AMPs promising targets for being used for contraception.
The different AMPs
Subtilosin A
Subtilosin A (SboA) is an antimicrobial peptide of 32 amino acids naturally produced by Bacillus subtilis. This AMP is a very good candidate since it also is involved in various antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis [3] involved in Bacterial vaginosis.
SboA is produced and then secreted by B. subtitles thanks to a very complex operon made of 8 genes called the Alb operon.
Production of Subtilosin A
In Bacillus subtilis, the subtilosin A is produced by the expression of an operon of 8 genes (figure 1). However, It is possible to get a correctly folded - and therefore active - protein with only SboA and AlbA genes [4]. Indeed, SboA is the Subtilosin A precursor of 32 amino acids, and Alba is part of radical SAM proteins superfamily proteins that use [4Fe-4S]+ cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical and catalyze the formation of 3 thioether bonds in SboA making it mature.