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Bio Art

“To develop a complete mind: Study the science of art; Study the art of science. Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” - Leonardo da Vinci

Art exists since the origins of humanity. Likewise, science has always been prompted by a desire of knowing more and more about the world, the nature and life.

While developing Printeria, we had the chance to get into the vast applications of the BioArt world: a contemporary art form that adapts scientific methods and biotechnology to explore living systems as artistic subjects (1).

As a consequence, we realized we needed to explore the existant synergy between art and science by getting into the BioArt ways of expression.

Printone: express yourself

While creating our Printeria Part Collection, we wanted to provide bioartists with a complete DNA toolkit for their artwork production. To do so, we assembled several transcriptional units with our different colour reporters (GFPmut3, sfGFP, YFP, mRFP1, amilCP ) and a variety of promoteres and RBS to get different tones.

By this way, we finally obtained Printone: a palette of pigmented bacteria, with different colours, fluorescence and intensities, for the entire disposal of the bioartist creativity.

Image 1. Some of our colours palette: Printone

Thanks to the information gathered as part of our Integrated dialogue with artist professionals, such as María Peñil and his collegue Mehmet Berkmen, we decided to explore the Microbial Art field: creation of masterpieces with microbial living cells such as bacteria.

Thus, we used our palette to introduce, both ourselves and the general public, to the Microbial Art. As María advised us, we tried several inoculating techniques to draw, such as directly pippeting liquid medium or using inoculating loops, to choose these that better fitted with the desired results.

Indeed, we even sent some of our Printone samples to María and Mehemet, as they were interested in testing the use of our genetic engineered bacteria to paint their own artworks. Commonly, genetic engineered bacteria bright much more than natural strains, and some of them even express fluorescence, so the artistic possibilites are extended with this kind of microorganism.

Images 2 and 3. PhD Mehemet Berken and María Peñil holding Printeria's logo. You can also see our own Printeria logo painted in the lab.

Bioartist for one day

How to attract people to SynBio? It is possible to achieve this challenge in a subjective and eye-appealing way?

While developing Printeria, we realized we had there the perfect way to approach SynBio to the non-researcher world. Thus, we organized the workshop ‘Bioartist for one day’, in which we demostrated that Printeria living products could be used to create authentic artworks.

The activity took place in the Mustang Art Gallery (Elche), a cultural space dedicated to the diffusion of contemporary art. This workshop involved last year high school students of arts, science and social sciences, so we could interact with a wide range of different profiles.

In this activity, they created their own ‘living masterpice’. Previously, we did detailed explanation on how to properly use the lab material during simple microbiology protocols. Thus, they learned both from the art and microbiology worlds.

Images 4 and 5. High school students participating in the MAG workshop

Then, using solid agar plates as a canvas, inoculating loops as brushes and the palette of pigmented bacteria we self-made in the lab as tempera, they blew their minds to do imaginative Microbial Art.

As soon as they finished, petri dishes were collected and kept for a later incubation in our lab. Finally, a gallery of all their beutiful works was published in @printeriaupv Instagram profile, so everyone could share them and create interest into the Bacterial Art.

As a conclusion, this workshop was a total success, and both the public and ourselves were delighted to realize the beauty of the microbial world and its simple but yet appealing applications.

Image 6. Recopilatory of some of the high school students artworks

Yturralde: fusion between art and science

José María Yturralde is an spanish artist widely known for his relationship with science. He collaborated with artists and scientists to redefine his understanding of shapes, and explored ways that the mainframe computer could be used as a tool for his art (2).

In this context, we thought it could be a great idea to introduce him to the vast possibilities of the BioArt, and so learn about his life experiences all at once.

We introduced our attendee into the basics of the synbio and the microbiology protocols. We also disscused the necessity of integrating both art and science, in order to broaden the social art perception. Finally, after showing him our laboratory facilities and the way to safetely handle lab material, he finally was eager to try by himself the creation of agar art.

Images 7 and 8. Yturralde creating a Microbial Art piece

Moreover, as part of this outreach collaboration, we decided to recreate one of his masterpieces, from the well-known collection 'Impossible Figures', with our own genetic engineered bacteria.

To do so, we printed a 3D mold to delimitate the barriers of the drawing, so we could inoculate each coloured bacteria in a compartiment of the solid agar medium. Finally, using bigger than usual agar dishes, we were able to recreate his artwork. After several trials with different colour tones and molds, the final result was perfect.

Images 9-10. Yturraldes's masterpiece and our final Microbial Art version under UV light.

Future generations

High school students are eager to know more about the world they live in. However, students rarely learn about Synthetic Biology inside classrooms. As there is a lack of hand-on STEM curricula, basic concepts such as gene, DNA and bacteria are only explained theoretically.

In order to stimulate young people to be curious about science, we decided to do our part in changing this educational approach.

Communicating to divulgue

First, we gave some talks to high school students, in which we talked about:

• Bacteria: enemies or friends?

  We wanted to beat the stigma against bacteria, explaining their importance and benefits, not only naturally, but also in biotechnology (i.e.: bacteria as biofactories for medicine, industry, etc.)

• Printeria: how it really works?

  As SynBio is not only about biology, we thought it was highly important to demonstrate the role of engineering and electronics. Thus, we decided to explain them the basis of Printeria: how the digital microfluidic system allows us to control each biotech process with high accuracy.

  Image 11. Coloured droplets movement thanks to the Microfluidic Technology

  They were able to life in first person the droplets controlled movement around our PCB surface. Moreover, we showed several videos to ensure they could understand such kind of a priori complex concepts. As a result, many of them finished the activity being completely interested in learning more about the microfluidic technology and its future applications.

Printeria: educational approach

Printeria aim is to be used as an educational tool. Taking into account that, generally, people doesn't even know what SynBio, we realized it was necessary to ensure students could use Printeria in a friendly but at the same time technically correct way.

To do so, Printeria includes a user-guide manual, inspired in the ones that commonly come attached with ordinary printers, to explain the most basic user how to proceed once Printeria has arrived to his life. This manual includes biosafety measurements considerations, software interface explanations and hardware functionality. By using it, anyone could understand how to easily choose pre-designed transcriptional units or assemble his own desired TU. You can all read the complete manual by clicking here:

However, we realized that, to reach a real educational approach, we needed to ensure not only the easy and explained use of Printeria, but also the understanding of the biological processes upon each step. Thus, we have developed an biological guide to be used by both teachers and students. This can be read here: